War

[Montuno]

they used to march like that through Birmingham Alabama. get their ass handed to them trying to pull that shit in public these days...

What is the meaning of the Nazarene capirote?
Curiously, its origin is closely related to the penitence of sins in the Catholic religion. ... The conical shape of the hood alludes to the penitent's approach to heaven and the cloth that falls over the face and chest, the hood, serves to hide the face and preserve the identity of the penitent.

What does the Nazarene hood symbolize?
Also known as capuces or capuchones, the capirote is reminiscent of the obligatory complement that accompanied those condemned by the Inquisition as penance for certain crimes, thus reminding both them and the rest of society what infraction had been committed and the punishment for it.

EL MUNDO:

The brotherhood of San Gonzalo requests a rectification from the BBC
How does a Nazarene from Seville look like a racist from the Ku Klux Clan?

Image distributed by the BBC during a report on the Ku Klux Clan.
THE WORLD

The BBC uses an image of a penitent from the brotherhood of San Gonzalo de Sevilla in a report on the Ku Klux Clan.

It is not the first time that ignorance of the brotherhood culture causes an inexplicable confusion.

• THE WORLD
• Seville

UPDATED 10/11/2015 11:30The use of an image of a Nazarene from the brotherhood of San Gonzalo de Sevilla by the British network BBC to illustrate a report on the racist organization Ku Klux Clan has once again sowed outrage in some forums in the Andalusian capital due to the lack of knowledge of the cofrade culture. It is not the first time (and perhaps it will not be the last) that the Holy Week universe leads to errors that are not always involuntary.
On this occasion, the blunder of the BBC public television seems unwanted but it reflects the enormous ignorance that continues to exist of the rituals and uses of Holy Week in Spain, and especially in Andalusia, in addition to being a sign of popular religiosity, it is also a folkloric and cultural manifestation that attracts tourists from all over the world.
The information from the BBC referred to the campaign carried out by the network movement known as Anonymus , which has published a list on the Internet with alleged followers of the racist organization Ku Klux Klan. The editor of the news of the British station used to illustrate it the image of a Nazarene of the brotherhood of San Gonzalo de Sevilla, one of those that makes penance station in the capital, based in Triana.
The confusion has led to a condemnation statement from the brotherhood, which has announced that it will ask the chain to publicly rectify its error.
"The Brotherhood of San Gonzalo regrets the unfortunate occurrence or supine ignorance of the British network BBC in confusing the Nazarene habit of our corporation, a symbol of Christian penance, with the clothing behind which the members of a violent and xenophobic organization hide . Of this unfortunate confusion, the Brotherhood will inform said chain so that it can make public the rectification of its error", it has announced through its website.
Likewise, the General Council of Brotherhoods and Brotherhoods will be informed, as representative of all the corporations of penance, sacramentals and glory of the city of Seville, so that it can take the measures it deems appropriate in the defense of our faith and our traditions. , often mocked and attacked".

To the left and right, the acolytes included in a calendar. In the center, the 'virgin' Thurman.

The
fake 'sexy' priest :

But it is not the first time terms and images related to Seville's Holy Week have been used for unusual purposes. In 2008, an acolyte of the brotherhood of Thirst was involuntarily seen as part of the calendar that an Italian publisher puts out for sale every year with images of the allegedly sexiest priests of the year.
David Ruiz is not a priest nor had he ever given his consent for his photo to appear in the aforementioned publication. In fact, at that time he was working for a real estate agency. But his portrait, taken during his participation in a procession of the brotherhood of La Sed two years earlier wearing the acolyte's attire (with functions similar to those of an altar boy), made the magazine's editors think that it was a priest and as such they published the photo without the slightest verification. With his image they illustrated the month of March. And the one in April also had an involuntary protagonist: another acolyte, this time from Santa Genoveva , who accompanied the Virgen de las Mercedes was chosen. Also, of course, unknowingly.

The Virgin Uma Thurman :

Recently, the Sevillian brotherhood world was also shocked by the use that the actress Uma Thurman made of religious symbols as a costume during a meeting with friends in a traditional Sevillian cocktail bar.
The images of the actress disguised as the Virgin with all her attributes (crown, mantle and even false tears) and posing with her hands together as Mary is represented, amid the laughter of her companions, began to circulate through the networks after reveal them in the local newspaper Centro Histórico. The director of the Andalusia Film Commission, Carlos Rosado, had reported days before that Thurman was in Seville to attend the wedding of some of her friends.
19 Comments

6

AAA000
11/10/2015 1:06 p.m.The BBC must monitor its journalistic level.

5

AAA000
11/10/2015 1:03 p.m.In the cap, but from the tip of the cap to the feet, inside it they have nothing to do with each other, it is form and substance or container and content. But come on, I would not recommend a brother to take the suit to the USA.

https://www.elmundo.es/andalucia/201...1628b462e.html

 

[Montuno]

Antifa are Nazis.

And war is peace. Slavery is freedom...and etc.

Our "friend" is already in the full phase of neo-language and doublethink.

 

[entropical]

You must live in a confusing world. A childs response.

​

Call it what you want, it is really quite simple:

Your claim that ”The Nazis were a far-right fascist political party which arose during the social and financial upheavals that occurred following the end of World War I” is incorrect. The word Nazi was in fact coined by Konrad Heiden, a journalist and member of the SPD, to be used as a smear against political opponents of the NSDAP. The foundation of that party, in turn, was national socialism which is a worldview distinct from the ideology of fascism.

From Heiden it was brought into allied atrocity propaganda in which it was further developed to the mythological straw man construct that it is today. The Hollywood Nazis of the Ukraine are a great example of a US made and paid army built on this false narrative. Of course also movies like Schindlers list, which we are told by Hollywood propagandists reflect actual and true historical events rather than sheer fiction.

And so I will stick that label on anyone who deserve it

 

[h.h.]

Accept the building above is in Ukraine and has been seen on live tv with reporters from all over the world in Ukraine. The residential building in Magnitogorsk that you mention was in Russia and here is a picture of it that does not even remotely look the same

People are being purposely stupid . I understand the Russians somewhat. When Americans post russias lies, that’s sickening. Kissing puta’s ass and killing the innocent.

 

[h.h.]

So Antifa are anti-fascist fascists is what you are saying, I just call them Nazis.

Good for you. Putin lies.

 

[entropical]

And war is peace. Slavery is freedom...and etc.

Our "friend" is already in the full phase of neo-language and doublethink.

So you imagine yourself being free when you are in fact enslaved to pay interest on money in order to provide a good life for the banking caste, that they may live in abundance without having to labour. Well it is said that the very best of slaves are those who imagine themselves to be free, and I hold this to be true.

As for doublethink it is defined, if I remember correct, as the ability to hold two opposing views in mind while simultaneously believing both to be true which, of course, is an oxymoron. And if you think that me calling Antifa a bunch of Nazis is a reflection of doublethink then you are simply misstaken.

 

[h.h.]

So you imagine yourself being free when you are in fact enslaved to pay interest on money in order to provide a good life for the banking caste, that they may live in abundance without having to labour. Well it is said that the very best of slaves are those who imagine themselves to be free, and I hold this to be true.

As for doublethink it is defined, if I remember correct, as the ability to hold two opposing views in mind while simultaneously believing both to be true which, of course, is an oxymoron. And if you think that me calling Antifa a bunch of Nazis is a reflection of doublethink then you are simply misstaken.

They made you pay interest? That’s why you approve of killing babies.

 

[entropical]

They made you pay interest? That’s why you approve of killing babies.

Your straw man is nothing but the mental projections of an abortionist.

 

[h.h.]

Your straw man is nothing but the mental projections of an abortionist.

whatever. Be proud. This is your work.

 

[h.h.]

Putin lies.

 

[Budz Lightyear]

[No message]

 

[Montuno]

Call it what you want, it is really quite simple:

Your claim that ”The Nazis were a far-right fascist political party which arose during the social and financial upheavals that occurred following the end of World War I” is incorrect. The word Nazi was in fact coined by Konrad Heiden, a journalist and member of the SPD, to be used as a smear against political opponents of the NSDAP. The foundation of that party, in turn, was national socialism which is a worldview distinct from the ideology of fascism.

From Heiden it was brought into allied atrocity propaganda in which it was further developed to the mythological straw man construct that it is today. The Hollywood Nazis of the Ukraine are a great example of a US made and paid army built on this false narrative. Of course also movies like Schindlers list, which we are told by Hollywood propagandists reflect actual and true historical events rather than sheer fiction.

And so I will stick that label on anyone who deserve it

They were fascist ultra-rightists with a clear inspiration/influence from Italian fascism. All the nomenclature that included words like "socialist" or "worker" was to draw the German working class away from the rising Marxist socialist and communist movements.
A Wikipedia article (but maybe it is written by Putin, who sees Nazis even in a group of black Dominicans dancing merengue...):


Nazi Party,[SUP][a][/SUP] officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei[SUP]https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Party#cite_note-8[/SUP] or NSDAP), was a far-right[SUP][7][/SUP][SUP][8][/SUP] political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism. Its precursor, the German Workers' Party (Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; DAP), existed from 1919 to 1920. The Nazi Party emerged from the extremist German nationalist, racist and populist Freikorps paramilitary culture, which fought against the communist uprisings in post–World War I Germany.[SUP][9][/SUP] The party was created to draw workers away from communism and into völkisch nationalism.[SUP][10][/SUP] Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti–big business, anti‑bourgeois, and anti‑capitalist rhetoric. This was later downplayed to gain the support of business leaders, and in the 1930s the party's main focus shifted to antisemitic and anti‑Marxist themes.[SUP][11][/SUP]

NSDAP

Anton Drexler[SUP][1][/SUP] (1920–1921)

Adolf Hitler (1921–1945)

Martin Bormann (April–May 1945)

24 February 1920; 102 years ago

10 October 1945; 76 years ago

German Workers' Party

Brown House, Munich, Germany[SUP][2][/SUP]

Völkischer Beobachter

National Socialist German Students' League

Hitler Youth, League of German Girls

SA, SS, Motor Corps, Flyers Corps

National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise

National Socialist Women's League

German Labour Front

Fewer than 60 (1920) 8.5 million (1945)[SUP][3][/SUP]

Nazism

Far-right[SUP][4][/SUP][SUP][5][/SUP]

Black White Red (official, German Imperial colours) Brown (customary)

"Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer" (English: "One People, One Nation, One Leader") (unofficial)

"Horst-Wessel-Lied" ("Horst Wessel Song")

Politics of Germany Political parties Elections

Pseudoscientific racist theories were central to Nazism, expressed in the idea of a "people's community" (Volksgemeinschaft).[SUP][12][/SUP] The party aimed to unite "racially desirable" Germans as national comrades, while excluding those deemed to be either political dissidents, physically or intellectually inferior, or of a foreign race (Fremdvölkische).[SUP][13][/SUP] The Nazis sought to strengthen the Germanic people, the "Aryan master race", through racial purity and eugenics, broad social welfare programs, and a collective subordination of individual rights, which could be sacrificed for the good of the state on behalf of the people. To protect the supposed purity and strength of the Aryan race, the Nazis sought to exterminate Jews, Romani, Poles and most other Slavs, along with the physically and mentally disabled. They disenfranchised and segregated homosexuals, black people, Jehovah's Witnesses, and political opponents.[SUP][14][/SUP] The persecution reached its climax when the party-controlled German state set in motion the Final Solution—an industrial system of genocide which achieved the murder of around 6 million Jews and millions of other targeted victims, in what has become known as the Holocaust.[SUP][15][/SUP]

Adolf Hitler, the party's leader since 1921, was appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg on 30 January 1933. Hitler rapidly established a totalitarian regime known as the Third Reich.[SUP][16][/SUP][SUP][17][/SUP][SUP][18][/SUP][SUP][19][/SUP] Following the defeat of the Third Reich at the end of World War II in Europe, the party was "declared to be illegal" by the Allied powers,[SUP][20][/SUP] who carried out denazification in the years after the war both in Germany and in territories occupied by Nazi forces. The use of any symbols associated with the party is now outlawed in many European countries, including Germany and Austria.
NameNazi, the informal and originally derogatory term for a party member, abbreviates the party's name (Nationalsozialist [natsi̯oˈnaːlzotsi̯aˌlɪst]), and was coined in analogy with Sozi (pronounced [ˈzoːtsiː]), an abbreviation of Sozialdemokrat (member of the rival Social Democratic Party of Germany).[SUP][c][/SUP][SUP][21][/SUP] Members of the party referred to themselves as Nationalsozialisten (National Socialists), but some did occasionally embrace the colloquial Nazi (so Leopold von Mildenstein in his article series Ein Nazi fährt nach Palästina published in Der Angriff in 1934). The term Parteigenosse (party member) was commonly used among Nazis, with its corresponding feminine form Parteigenossin.[SUP][22][/SUP]

The term was in use before the rise of the party as a colloquial and derogatory word for a backward peasant, an awkward and clumsy person. It derived from Ignaz, a shortened version of Ignatius,[SUP][23][/SUP][SUP][24][/SUP] which was a common name in the Nazis' home region of Bavaria. Opponents seized on this, and the long-existing Sozi, to attach a dismissive nickname to the National Socialists.[SUP][24][/SUP][SUP][25][/SUP]

In 1933, when Adolf Hitler assumed power in the German government, the usage of "Nazi" diminished in Germany, although Austrian anti-Nazis continued to use the term,[SUP][21][/SUP] and the use of "Nazi Germany" and "Nazi regime" was popularised by anti-Nazis and German exiles abroad. Thereafter, the term spread into other languages and eventually was brought back to Germany after World War II.[SUP][25][/SUP] In English, the term is not considered slang and has such derivatives as Nazism and denazification.
HistoryOrigins and early years: 1918–1923


The party grew out of smaller political groups with a nationalist orientation that formed in the last years of World War I. In 1918, a league called the Freier Arbeiterausschuss für einen guten Frieden (Free Workers' Committee for a good Peace)[SUP][26][/SUP] was created in Bremen, Germany. On 7 March 1918, Anton Drexler, an avid German nationalist, formed a branch of this league in Munich.[SUP][26][/SUP] Drexler was a local locksmith who had been a member of the militarist Fatherland Party[SUP][27][/SUP] during World War I and was bitterly opposed to the armistice of November 1918 and the revolutionary upheavals that followed. Drexler followed the views of militant nationalists of the day, such as opposing the Treaty of Versailles, having antisemitic, anti-monarchist and anti-Marxist views, as well as believing in the superiority of Germans whom they claimed to be part of the Aryan "master race" (Herrenvolk). However, he also accused international capitalism of being a Jewish-dominated movement and denounced capitalists for war profiteering in World War I.[SUP][28][/SUP] Drexler saw the political violence and instability in Germany as the result of the Weimar Republic being out-of-touch with the masses, especially the lower classes.[SUP][28][/SUP] Drexler emphasised the need for a synthesis of völkisch nationalism with a form of economic socialism, in order to create a popular nationalist-oriented workers' movement that could challenge the rise of Communism and internationalist politics. [SUP][29][/SUP] These were all well-known themes popular with various Weimar paramilitary groups such as the Freikorps.

Nazi Party badge emblem

Drexler's movement received attention and support from some influential figures. Supporter Dietrich Eckart, a well-to-do journalist, brought military figure Felix Graf von Bothmer, a prominent supporter of the concept of "national socialism", to address the movement.[SUP][30][/SUP] Later in 1918, Karl Harrer (a journalist and member of the Thule Society) convinced Drexler and several others to form the Politischer Arbeiter-Zirkel (Political Workers' Circle).[SUP][26][/SUP] The members met periodically for discussions with themes of nationalism and racism directed against Jewish people.[SUP][26][/SUP] In December 1918, Drexler decided that a new political party should be formed, based on the political principles that he endorsed, by combining his branch of the Workers' Committee for a good Peace with the Political Workers' Circle.[SUP][26][/SUP][SUP][31][/SUP]

On 5 January 1919, Drexler created a new political party and proposed it should be named the "German Socialist Workers' Party", but Harrer objected to the term "socialist"; so the term was removed and the party was named the German Workers' Party (Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, DAP).[SUP][31][/SUP] To ease concerns among potential middle-class supporters, Drexler made clear that unlike Marxists the party supported the middle-class and that its socialist policy was meant to give social welfare to German citizens deemed part of the Aryan race.[SUP][28][/SUP] They became one of many völkisch movements that existed in Germany. Like other völkisch groups, the DAP advocated the belief that through profit-sharing instead of socialisation Germany should become a unified "people's community" (Volksgemeinschaft) rather than a society divided along class and party lines.[SUP][32][/SUP] This ideology was explicitly antisemitic. As early as 1920, the party was raising money by selling a tobacco called Anti-Semit.[SUP][33][/SUP]

From the outset, the DAP was opposed to non-nationalist political movements, especially on the left, including the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). Members of the DAP saw themselves as fighting against "Bolshevism" and anyone considered a part of or aiding so-called "international Jewry". The DAP was also deeply opposed to the Treaty of Versailles.[SUP][34][/SUP] The DAP did not attempt to make itself public and meetings were kept in relative secrecy, with public speakers discussing what they thought of Germany's present state of affairs, or writing to like-minded societies in Northern Germany.[SUP][32][/SUP]

NSDAP membership book

The DAP was a comparatively small group with fewer than 60 members.[SUP][32][/SUP] Nevertheless, it attracted the attention of the German authorities, who were suspicious of any organisation that appeared to have subversive tendencies. In July 1919, while stationed in Munich, army Gefreiter Adolf Hitler was appointed a Verbindungsmann (intelligence agent) of an Aufklärungskommando (reconnaissance unit) of the Reichswehr (army) by Captain Mayr, the head of the Education and Propaganda Department (Dept Ib/P) in Bavaria. Hitler was assigned to influence other soldiers and to infiltrate the DAP.[SUP][35][/SUP] While attending a party meeting on 12 September 1919 at Munich's Sterneckerbräu, Hitler became involved in a heated argument with a visitor, Professor Baumann, who questioned the soundness of Gottfried Feder's arguments against capitalism; Baumann proposed that Bavaria should break away from Prussia and found a new South German nation with Austria. In vehemently attacking the man's arguments, Hitler made an impression on the other party members with his oratorical skills; according to Hitler, the "professor" left the hall acknowledging unequivocal defeat.[SUP][36][/SUP] Drexler encouraged him to join the DAP.[SUP][36][/SUP] On the orders of his army superiors, Hitler applied to join the party[SUP][37][/SUP] and within a week was accepted as party member 555 (the party began counting membership at 500 to give the impression they were a much larger party).[SUP][38][/SUP][SUP][39][/SUP] Among the party's earlier members were Ernst Röhm of the Army's District Command VII; Dietrich Eckart, who has been called the spiritual father of National Socialism;[SUP][40][/SUP] then-University of Munich student Rudolf Hess;[SUP][41][/SUP]Freikorps soldier Hans Frank; and Alfred Rosenberg, often credited as the philosopher of the movement. All were later prominent in the Nazi regime.[SUP][42][/SUP]

Hitler later claimed to be the seventh party member (he was in fact the seventh executive member of the party's central committee[SUP][43][/SUP] and he would later wear the Golden Party Badge number one). Anton Drexler drafted a letter to Hitler in 1940—which was never sent—that contradicts Hitler's later claim:

No one knows better than you yourself, my Führer, that you were never the seventh member of the party, but at best the seventh member of the committee... And a few years ago I had to complain to a party office that your first proper membership card of the DAP, bearing the signatures of Schüssler and myself, was falsified, with the number 555 being erased and number 7 entered.[SUP][44][/SUP]​

Hitler's membership card in the DAP (later NSDAP)

Hitler's first DAP speech was held in the Hofbräukeller on 16 October 1919. He was the second speaker of the evening, and spoke to 111 people.[SUP][45][/SUP] Hitler later declared that this was when he realised he could really "make a good speech".[SUP][32][/SUP] At first, Hitler spoke only to relatively small groups, but his considerable oratory and propaganda skills were appreciated by the party leadership. With the support of Anton Drexler, Hitler became chief of propaganda for the party in early 1920.[SUP][46][/SUP] Hitler began to make the party more public, and organised its biggest meeting yet of 2,000 people on 24 February 1920 in the Staatliches Hofbräuhaus in München. Such was the significance of this particular move in publicity that Karl Harrer resigned from the party in disagreement.[SUP][47][/SUP] It was in this speech that Hitler enunciated the twenty-five points of the German Workers' Party manifesto that had been drawn up by Drexler, Feder and himself.[SUP][48][/SUP] Through these points he gave the organisation a much bolder stratagem[SUP][46][/SUP] with a clear foreign policy (abrogation of the Treaty of Versailles, a Greater Germany, Eastern expansion and exclusion of Jews from citizenship) and among his specific points were: confiscation of war profits, abolition of unearned incomes, the State to share profits of land and land for national needs to be taken away without compensation.[SUP][49][/SUP] In general, the manifesto was antisemitic, anti-capitalist, anti-democratic, anti-Marxist and anti-liberal.[SUP][50][/SUP] To increase its appeal to larger segments of the population, on the same day as Hitler's Hofbräuhaus speech on 24 February 1920, the DAP changed its name to the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei ("National Socialist German Workers' Party", or Nazi Party).[SUP][51][/SUP][SUP][52][/SUP][SUP][d] [/SUP] The word "Socialist" was added by the party's executive committee, over Hitler's objections, in order to help appeal to left-wing workers.[SUP][55][/SUP]

In 1920, the Nazi Party officially announced that only persons of "pure Aryan descent [rein arischer Abkunft]" could become party members and if the person had a spouse, the spouse also had to be a "racially pure" Aryan. Party members could not be related either directly or indirectly to a so-called "non-Aryan".[SUP][56][/SUP] Even before it had become legally forbidden by the Nuremberg Laws in 1935, the Nazis banned sexual relations and marriages between party members and Jews.[SUP][57][/SUP] Party members found guilty of Rassenschande ("racial defilement") were persecuted heavily. Some members were even sentenced to death.[SUP][58][/SUP]

Hitler quickly became the party's most active orator, appearing in public as a speaker 31 times within the first year after his self-discovery.[SUP][59][/SUP] Crowds began to flock to hear his speeches.[SUP][60][/SUP] Hitler always spoke about the same subjects: the Treaty of Versailles and the Jewish question.[SUP][50][/SUP] This deliberate technique and effective publicising of the party contributed significantly to his early success,[SUP][50][/SUP] about which a contemporary poster wrote: "Since Herr Hitler is a brilliant speaker, we can hold out the prospect of an extremely exciting evening".[SUP][61][/SUP][SUP][page needed][/SUP] Over the following months, the party continued to attract new members,[SUP][43][/SUP] while remaining too small to have any real significance in German politics.[SUP][62][/SUP] By the end of the year, party membership was recorded at 2,000,[SUP][60][/SUP] many of whom Hitler and Röhm had brought into the party personally, or for whom Hitler's oratory had been their reason for joining.[SUP][63][/SUP]

Hitler's talent as an orator and his ability to draw new members, combined with his characteristic ruthlessness, soon made him the dominant figure. However, while Hitler and Eckart were on a fundraising trip to Berlin in June 1921, a mutiny broke out within the party in Munich. Members of its executive committee wanted to merge with the rival German Socialist Party (DSP).[SUP][64][/SUP] Upon returning to Munich on 11 July, Hitler angrily tendered his resignation. The committee members realised that his resignation would mean the end of the party.[SUP][65][/SUP] Hitler announced he would rejoin on condition that he would replace Drexler as party chairman, and that the party headquarters would remain in Munich.[SUP][66][/SUP] The committee agreed, and he rejoined the party on 26 July as member 3,680. Hitler continued to face some opposition within the NSDAP, as his opponents had Hermann Esser expelled from the party and they printed 3,000 copies of a pamphlet attacking Hitler as a traitor to the party.[SUP][66][/SUP] In the following days, Hitler spoke to several packed houses and defended himself and Esser to thunderous applause.[SUP][67][/SUP]

His strategy proved successful; at a special party congress on 29 July 1921, he replaced Drexler as party chairman by a vote of 533 to 1.[SUP][67][/SUP] The committee was dissolved, and Hitler was granted nearly absolute powers as the party's sole leader.[SUP][67][/SUP] He would hold the post for the remainder of his life. Hitler soon acquired the title Führer ("leader") and after a series of sharp internal conflicts it was accepted that the party would be governed by the Führerprinzip ("leader principle"). Under this principle, the party was a highly centralised entity that functioned strictly from the top down, with Hitler at the apex as the party's absolute leader. Hitler saw the party as a revolutionary organisation, whose aim was the overthrow of the Weimar Republic, which he saw as controlled by the socialists, Jews and the "November criminals" who had betrayed the German soldiers in 1918. The SA ("storm troopers", also known as "Brownshirts") were founded as a party militia in 1921 and began violent attacks on other parties.

Mein Kampf in its first edition cover

For Hitler, the twin goals of the party were always German nationalist expansionism and antisemitism. These two goals were fused in his mind by his belief that Germany's external enemies—Britain, France and the Soviet Union—were controlled by the Jews and that Germany's future wars of national expansion would necessarily entail a war of annihilation against them.[SUP][68][/SUP][SUP][page needed][/SUP] For Hitler and his principal lieutenants, national and racial issues were always dominant. This was symbolised by the adoption as the party emblem of the swastika. In German nationalist circles, the swastika was considered a symbol of an "Aryan race" and it symbolised the replacement of the Christian Cross with allegiance to a National Socialist State.

The Nazi Party grew significantly during 1921 and 1922, partly through Hitler's oratorical skills, partly through the SA's appeal to unemployed young men, and partly because there was a backlash against socialist and liberal politics in Bavaria as Germany's economic problems deepened and the weakness of the Weimar regime became apparent. The party recruited former World War I soldiers, to whom Hitler as a decorated frontline veteran could particularly appeal, as well as small businessmen and disaffected former members of rival parties. Nazi rallies were often held in beer halls, where downtrodden men could get free beer. The Hitler Youth was formed for the children of party members. The party also formed groups in other parts of Germany. Julius Streicher in Nuremberg was an early recruit and became editor of the racist magazine Der Stürmer. In December 1920, the Nazi Party had acquired a newspaper, the Völkischer Beobachter, of which its leading ideologist Alfred Rosenberg became editor. Others to join the party around this time were Heinrich Himmler and World War I flying ace Hermann Göring.



Adoption of Italian fascism: The Beer Hall Putsch


On 31 October 1922, a fascist party with similar policies and objectives came into power in Italy, the National Fascist Party, under the leadership of the charismatic Benito Mussolini. The Fascists, like the Nazis, promoted a national rebirth of their country, as they opposed communism and liberalism; appealed to the working-class; opposed the Treaty of Versailles; and advocated the territorial expansion of their country. Hitler was inspired by Mussolini and the Fascists, beginning to adopt elements of the Fascist's and Mussolini for the Nazi Party and himself.[SUP][69][/SUP] The Italian Fascists also used a straight-armed Roman salute and wore black-shirted uniforms; Hitler would later borrow their use of the straight-armed salute as a Nazi salute.

When the Fascists took control of Italy through their coup d'état called the "March on Rome", Hitler began planning his own coup less than a month later.[SUP][69][/SUP] In January 1923, France occupied the Ruhr industrial region as a result of Germany's failure to meet its reparations payments. This led to economic chaos, the resignation of Wilhelm Cuno's government and an attempt by the German Communist Party (KPD) to stage a revolution. The reaction to these events was an upsurge of nationalist sentiment. Nazi Party membership grew sharply to about 20,000.[SUP][70][/SUP] By November 1923, Hitler had decided that the time was right for an attempt to seize power in Munich, in the hope that the Reichswehr (the post-war German military) would mutiny against the Berlin government and join his revolt. In this, he was influenced by former General Erich Ludendorff, who had become a supporter—though not a member—of the Nazis.[SUP][71][/SUP]

Nazis during the Beer Hall Putsch in Munich

On the night of 8 November, the Nazis used a patriotic rally in a Munich beer hall to launch an attempted putsch ("coup d'état"). This so-called Beer Hall Putsch attempt failed almost at once when the local Reichswehr commanders refused to support it. On the morning of 9 November, the Nazis staged a march of about 2,000 supporters through Munich in an attempt to rally support. Troops opened fire and 16 Nazis were killed. Hitler, Ludendorff and a number of others were arrested and were tried for treason in March 1924. Hitler and his associates were given very lenient prison sentences. While Hitler was in prison, he wrote his semi-autobiographical political manifesto Mein Kampf ("My Struggle").

The Nazi Party was banned on 9 November 1923; however, with the support of the nationalist Völkisch-Social Bloc (Völkisch-Sozialer Block), it continued to operate under the name "German Party" (Deutsche Partei or DP) from 1924 to 1925.[SUP][72][/SUP] The Nazis failed to remain unified in the DP, as in the north, the right-wing Volkish nationalist supporters of the Nazis moved to the new German Völkisch Freedom Party, leaving the north's left-wing Nazi members, such as Joseph Goebbels retaining support for the party.[SUP][72][/SUP]
Rise to power: 1925–1933

Further information: Adolf Hitler's rise to power
"Rise of Nazism" redirects here. For the culmination of the rise, see Nazi seizure of power.

This section needs additional citations for verification. (February 2017)

Hitler with Nazi Party members in 1930

Adolf Hitler was released from prison on 20 December 1924. On 16 February 1925, Hitler convinced the Bavarian authorities to lift the ban on the NSDAP and the party was formally refounded on 26 February 1925, with Hitler as its undisputed leader. The new Nazi Party was no longer a paramilitary organisation and disavowed any intention of taking power by force. In any case, the economic and political situation had stabilised and the extremist upsurge of 1923 had faded, so there was no prospect of further revolutionary adventures. The Nazi Party of 1925 was divided into the "Leadership Corps" (Korps der politischen Leiter) appointed by Hitler and the general membership (Parteimitglieder). The party and the SA were kept separate and the legal aspect of the party's work was emphasised. In a sign of this, the party began to admit women. The SA and the SS members (the latter founded in 1925 as Hitler's bodyguard, and known originally as the Schutzkommando) had to all be regular party members.[SUP][73][/SUP][SUP][74][/SUP]

In the 1920s, the Nazi Party expanded beyond its Bavarian base. Catholic Bavaria maintained its right-wing nostalgia for a Catholic monarch;[SUP][citation needed][/SUP] and Westphalia, along with working-class "Red Berlin", were always the Nazis' weakest areas electorally, even during the Third Reich itself. The areas of strongest Nazi support were in rural Protestant areas such as Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg, Pomerania and East Prussia. Depressed working-class areas such as Thuringia also produced a strong Nazi vote, while the workers of the Ruhr and Hamburg largely remained loyal to the Social Democrats, the Communist Party of Germany or the Catholic Centre Party. Nuremberg remained a Nazi Party stronghold, and the first Nuremberg Rally was held there in 1927. These rallies soon became massive displays of Nazi paramilitary power and attracted many recruits. The Nazis' strongest appeal was to the lower middle-classes—farmers, public servants, teachers and small businessmen—who had suffered most from the inflation of the 1920s, so who feared Bolshevism more than anything else. The small business class was receptive to Hitler's antisemitism, since it blamed Jewish big business for its economic problems. University students, disappointed at being too young to have served in the War of 1914–1918 and attracted by the Nazis' radical rhetoric, also became a strong Nazi constituency. By 1929, the party had 130,000 members.[SUP][75][/SUP]

The party's nominal Deputy Leader was Rudolf Hess, but he had no real power in the party. By the early 1930s, the senior leaders of the party after Hitler were Heinrich Himmler, Joseph Goebbels and Hermann Göring. Beneath the Leadership Corps were the party's regional leaders, the Gauleiters, each of whom commanded the party in his Gau ("region"). Goebbels began his ascent through the party hierarchy as Gauleiter of Berlin-Brandenburg in 1926. Streicher was Gauleiter of Franconia, where he published his antisemitic newspaper Der Stürmer. Beneath the Gauleiter were lower-level officials, the Kreisleiter ("county leaders"), Zellenleiter ("cell leaders") and Blockleiter ("block leaders"). This was a strictly hierarchical structure in which orders flowed from the top and unquestioning loyalty was given to superiors. Only the SA retained some autonomy. Being composed largely of unemployed workers, many SA men took the Nazis' socialist rhetoric seriously. At this time, the Hitler salute (borrowed from the Italian fascists) and the greeting "Heil Hitler!" were adopted throughout the party.

Nazi Party election poster used in Vienna in 1930 (translation: "We demand freedom and bread")

The Nazis contested elections to the national parliament (the Reichstag) and to the state legislature (the Landtage) from 1924, although at first with little success. The "National Socialist Freedom Movement" polled 3% of the vote in the December 1924 Reichstag elections and this fell to 2.6% in 1928. State elections produced similar results. Despite these poor results and despite Germany's relative political stability and prosperity during the later 1920s, the Nazi Party continued to grow. This was partly because Hitler, who had no administrative ability, left the party organisation to the head of the secretariat, Philipp Bouhler, the party treasurer Franz Xaver Schwarz and business manager Max Amann. The party had a capable propaganda head in Gregor Strasser, who was promoted to national organizational leader in January 1928. These men gave the party efficient recruitment and organizational structures. The party also owed its growth to the gradual fading away of competitor nationalist groups, such as the German National People's Party (DNVP). As Hitler became the recognised head of the German nationalists, other groups declined or were absorbed.

Despite these strengths, the Nazi Party might never have come to power had it not been for the Great Depression and its effects on Germany. By 1930, the German economy was beset with mass unemployment and widespread business failures. The Social Democrats and Communists were bitterly divided and unable to formulate an effective solution: this gave the Nazis their opportunity and Hitler's message, blaming the crisis on the Jewish financiers and the Bolsheviks, resonated with wide sections of the electorate. At the September 1930 Reichstag elections, the Nazis won 18% of the votes and became the second-largest party in the Reichstag after the Social Democrats. Hitler proved to be a highly effective campaigner, pioneering the use of radio and aircraft for this purpose. His dismissal of Strasser and his appointment of Goebbels as the party's propaganda chief were major factors. While Strasser had used his position to promote his own leftish version of national socialism, Goebbels was totally loyal to Hitler and worked only to improve Hitler's image.

The 1930 elections changed the German political landscape by weakening the traditional nationalist parties, the DNVP and the DVP, leaving the Nazis as the chief alternative to the discredited Social Democrats and the Zentrum, whose leader, Heinrich Brüning, headed a weak minority government. The inability of the democratic parties to form a united front, the self-imposed isolation of the Communists and the continued decline of the economy, all played into Hitler's hands. He now came to be seen as de facto leader of the opposition and donations poured into the Nazi Party's coffers. Some major business figures, such as Fritz Thyssen, were Nazi supporters and gave generously[SUP][76][/SUP] and some Wall Street figures were allegedly involved,[SUP][77][/SUP][SUP][page needed][/SUP] but many other businessmen were suspicious of the extreme nationalist tendencies of the Nazis and preferred to support the traditional conservative parties instead.[SUP][78][/SUP]

German NSDAP Donation Token 1932, Free State of Prussia elections

During 1931 and into 1932, Germany's political crisis deepened. Hitler ran for president against the incumbent Paul von Hindenburg in March 1932, polling 30% in the first round and 37% in the second against Hindenburg's 49% and 53%. By now the SA had 400,000 members and its running street battles with the SPD and Communist paramilitaries (who also fought each other) reduced some German cities to combat zones. Paradoxically, although the Nazis were among the main instigators of this disorder, part of Hitler's appeal to a frightened and demoralised middle class was his promise to restore law and order. Overt antisemitism was played down in official Nazi rhetoric, but was never far from the surface. Germans voted for Hitler primarily because of his promises to revive the economy (by unspecified means), to restore German greatness and overturn the Treaty of Versailles and to save Germany from communism. On 24 April 1932, the Free State of Prussia elections to the Landtag resulted in 36% of the votes and 162 seats for the NSDAP.

On 20 July 1932, the Prussian government was ousted by a coup, the Preussenschlag; a few days later at the July 1932 Reichstag election the Nazis made another leap forward, polling 37% and becoming the largest party in parliament by a wide margin. Furthermore, the Nazis and the Communists between them won 52% of the vote and a majority of seats. Since both parties opposed the established political system and neither would join or support any ministry, this made the formation of a majority government impossible. The result was weak ministries governing by decree. Under Comintern directives, the Communists maintained their policy of treating the Social Democrats as the main enemy, calling them "social fascists", thereby splintering opposition to the Nazis.[SUP][e][/SUP] Later, both the Social Democrats and the Communists accused each other of having facilitated Hitler's rise to power by their unwillingness to compromise.

Chancellor Franz von Papen called another Reichstag election in November, hoping to find a way out of this impasse. The electoral result was the same, with the Nazis and the Communists winning 50% of the vote between them and more than half the seats, rendering this Reichstag no more workable than its predecessor. However, support for the Nazis had fallen to 33.1%, suggesting that the Nazi surge had passed its peak—possibly because the worst of the Depression had passed, possibly because some middle-class voters had supported Hitler in July as a protest, but had now drawn back from the prospect of actually putting him into power. The Nazis interpreted the result as a warning that they must seize power before their moment passed. Had the other parties united, this could have been prevented, but their shortsightedness made a united front impossible. Papen, his successor Kurt von Schleicher and the nationalist press magnate Alfred Hugenberg spent December and January in political intrigues that eventually persuaded President Hindenburg that it was safe to appoint Hitler as Reich Chancellor, at the head of a cabinet including only a minority of Nazi ministers—which he did on 30 January 1933.

 

[HempKat]

People are being purposely stupid . I understand the Russians somewhat. When Americans post russias lies, that’s sickening. Kissing puta’s ass and killing the innocent.

The sad thing is that they've only been like that since Trump came along. Trump is like some pied piper of stupid and he's got them all singing to his tune. There was a time not so long ago when no self respecting conservative would side with Putin.

 

[Montuno]

So you imagine yourself being free when you are in fact enslaved to pay interest on money in order to provide a good life for the banking caste, that they may live in abundance without having to labour. Well it is said that the very best of slaves are those who imagine themselves to be free, and I hold this to be true.

As for doublethink it is defined, if I remember correct, as the ability to hold two opposing views in mind while simultaneously believing both to be true which, of course, is an oxymoron. And if you think that me calling Antifa a bunch of Nazis is a reflection of doublethink then you are simply misstaken.

Naaahh... Oxymorons were those of Saint Teresa... Here, we call "your thing": preparing a "good" gazpacho ...:

I live without living in me,
and in such a way I hope,
that I die because I do not die.

I live outside of me
after I die of love;
because I live in the Lord
who willed me to himself;
when I gave him my heart
I put on him this sign:
That I die because I die not.

This divine prison
of the love with which I live
has made God my captive
and my heart free;
and it causes in me such passion
to see God my prisoner,
that I die because I do not die.

Oh, how long is this life!
How hard these banishments,
this prison, these irons
in which the soul is confined!
Just waiting for the way out
causes me such fierce pain,
that I die because I do not die.

Oh, what a bitter life
where the Lord does not rejoice!
For if love is sweet
long hope is not sweet.
God take this burden from me
heavier than steel,
I die because I do not die.

Only with the confidence
I live in the knowledge that I shall die,
because in dying, living
assures me of my hope.
Death where living is attained,
do not delay, for I wait for you,
I die because I do not die.

See that love is strong,
life, don't be a bother to me;
see that it only remains for you
to win you, to lose you.
Let sweet death come now,
let death come lightly,
I die because I do not die.

That life above
is the true life;
Until this life dies,
one does not enjoy being alive.
Death, do not be elusive to me;
live by dying first,
I die because I do not die.

Life, what can I give
to my God, who lives in me
if it is not to lose you
that I may better rejoice in Him?
I want to reach Him by dying,
for I love my Beloved so much,
that I die because I die not.

 

[h.h.]

The sad thing is that they've only been like that since Trump came along. Trump is like some pied piper of stupid and he's got them all singing to his tune. There was a time not so long ago when no self respecting conservative would side with Putin.

They’re conservative in name only. Patriotic only to putin.

 

[Montuno]

error.......

 

[Montuno]

error.........

 

[HempKat]

They’re conservative in name only. Patriotic only to putin.

Yeah that's how they are now that Trump (A Putin stooge) has brainwashed them into thinking what they support now is true conservatism and that the true conservatives are the ones who exist in name only. The Irony of it is that before Trump ran for Political office he was a card carrying Lib/Dem.

 

[h.h.]

Yeah that's how they are now that Trump (A Putin stooge) has brainwashed them into thinking what they support now is true conservatism and that the true conservatives are the ones who exist in name only. The Irony of it is that before Trump ran for Political office he was a card carrying Lib/Dem.

He was a crook then too.

 

[HempKat]

He was a crook then too.

Yeah I know, I just find it hilarious that so many see him as the ultimate example of what it is to be a true conservative. The truth is he is just another member of the wealthy elite with no true morals, values or principals other then whatever he can do to benefit himself.