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CANNABIS DNA PROJECT

S

strandloper

I found a little more info on Wikipedia.
It looks like the original seeds where from India , but by the late 1800's they where also importing many things from China and other Asian colonies, so their is likely more than one source.


"The origin of cannabis cultivation and use in Australia began with acclaimed botanist Sir Joseph Banks who arranged to have hemp seed sent to Australia from East India for the production of sails, uniforms, oakum, and rope.[1]

In 1803 Governer King wrote to Joseph Banks stating, "From a pint of hemp-seed, sent from India in 1802, I have now sown 10 acres for Government. A specimen of the rope is round the box that Cayley sends you, which I have desired may be carefully preserved. It grows with the utmost luxuriance, and is generally from 6 to 10 feet in height." [

The reference to "hemp-seed, sent from India" suggests that Governer King was in fact growing C. indica rather than C. sativa (preferred for its fibre quality) for his hemp production, as a distinction between cannabis varieties was yet to be made.

On November 16, 1964 media reported that "the dreaded sex drug, marihuana" had been discovered growing wild along a 65km stretch of the Hunter River. [citation needed] It is now believed this prolific crop had resulted from colonial cultivation by the "Bell brothers — Archibald Bell and William Sims Bell — the first white settlers of Singleton in the Upper Hunter in 1823." [citation needed] (quoted from forum link) "Their father, Archibald Bell, believed that Australia should be a colony for the production of hemp and argued this case before the Bigge Royal Commission in 1819." [citation needed] (quoted from forum link) "In those days the view that Australia should be a hemp colony was widespread."(quoted from forum link)"
 
:peacock::huggg:
Hey skunk man !

The red poppy is both an analgesic as well as a sedative. red poppy contains a nonpoisonous sedative alkaloid called rhoeadine, and quite unlike its cousin the opium poppy, the red poppy is not a source of narcotics. The sedative properties of the herb were put to good use by mothers of older times, when they fed infants food laced with red poppy, so that they would sleep undisturbed for long hours. The blossoms of the red poppy would also be used by mothers when they compounded them into a cough syrup for children. Nowadays, poppy seeds are one of the most popular ingredients used in baking.
I digress.....
I'll try and (hopefully) provide some DNA for tests......:biggrin:
 
Sam,

Does the next-gen sequencing machines hosted at Phylos mean that Rob Desalle is no longer participating in the project or is that just a way to make it easier to justify the data embargo?

FWIW: Some of DJ Short's work has already made it into this project. I was (randomly) sitting between DJ and Mowgli when it happened.

I, like many others, understand the magnitude of this project and are very excited about the results. Until the data is made public in the same way as other cannabis genomic research, many in the academic community will remain skeptical about the project's ultimate intent.

All the best,
S
 

Buckowens

Member
One thing to note; China, as a strong economic power already was very well known in India. They were a driving force behind trade in the Indian Ocean (the Silk Road led to China through India) and are likely to have brought Cannabis seed with them for trade and commerce. There is a great deal of Chinese culture visible through the history of India and even today.
 
9

99%

A friend of mine was studying Biology at uni in Australia in the 80's and had the opportunity to study samples of cannabis grown from seeds that came on the first fleet (of British ships that discovered/claimed Australia, which is the equivalent to Christopher Columbus and the Americas) ...these were samples of the first cannabis grown in Australia and a museum in Melbourne probably still has these labelled, boxed and buried in their basement.
 
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9

99%

I really doubt there were or have been any actual cannabis strains that were bred in Australia that produced a true breeding strains that was unique...lots of crossing went on and even more is going on now, but the type of breeding and selection that Sam did with SK1 is not something that has been done in Australia to my knowledge ...but then again I haven't lived there since late 80's, so would love to hear about any actual actual true breeding strains from Australia.

and some one will probably mention Mullumbimby Madness..but from what I know about it, it's probably a result of crossing Thai or other tropical bag seed..is it a legend in Australia? Yes. True breeding? I haven't grown it but what has been said it's an unstable hermie prone, long flowering bush weed. If it was otherwise it would be all around like Haze. is it still around? I don't know, probably not, What do growers grow in bush in Australia, lots of seeds are handed around but what are these seeds? Aussie developed stains? No, just lots of tropical bag seed, Dutch and USA strains and variations on them.

Though a mate of mine in Australia gave me some seeds in the 90's that he had grown for many years in Australia...these were a unique color, they were the color of Australia, a rusty "Kelpie" dog red. I've never seen seeds with a color like it before. I didn't have much luck with the seeds, the plants were eaten by my dog (and no, he wasn't a Kelpie)
 
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Obsidian

Active member
Veteran
Hey Sam, How do we get access to our submission data?

I really want to see the data, have they made a tree yet with the data submitted so far?
Can one trace linages of said submissions.
It would be nice to see origination data.
 

Kaspi

New member
Hi folks,

I would like to contribute some material from my country (Georgia), does anyone know how to get in touch with these project?

Thank you
 

Kaspi

New member
Cannabis Colleagues,

Greetings from the International Hemp Association in Amsterdam. We are writing to tell you about an exciting research program using modern DNA analysis to build a family tree for Cannabis, and to request your participation.

We are collaborating with a US-based group working on a definitive large-scale phylogenetic study of the evolution of Cannabis. Key researchers include Mowgli Holmes, the chief scientific officer at Phylos Bioscience, and Rob DeSalle, a professor of evolutionary biology at Columbia University and curator at the American Museum of Natural History.

Presently, the team is building a high-resolution map of the Cannabis genome, based on a modern hybrid THC/CBD strain, using PacBio long-read Next-Gen Sequencing (NGS). The map will serve as a reference key for analysis of thousands of other accessions using an SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) NGS protocol called GBS (Genotyping By Sequencing) allowing high-resolution characterization of each accession.

So far, the group has sequenced over 400 drug-type Cannabis samples. DNA extraction equipment is installed in nine Cannabis testing labs in six US states, and we continue to gather modern hybrid drug varieties. In the next month the group will finish collecting and sequencing our first 1000 samples. In order to collect data from ancient seeds the group is modifying protocols used for sequencing fragmented Pleistocene DNA samples, developing protocols to work with single seeds, and adding a Whole Genome Amplification step to increase DNA yield.

In two or three months we hope to have a provisional relationship map worked out that we can put on the web and will let us ID modern strains and hopefully at least test theories concerning the evolution of Cannabis.

Within six months we will analyze additional modern cultivars plus traditional landraces and possibly herbarium sheets and archeological materials. From there on we will add to the live database which will continue to grow as more samples are received although the architecture should not change. Genome data will be studied via network theory to address the issues of hybridization and reticulation in the phylogeny.

Cannabis is an incredibly varied genus made up of a myriad of local landrace varieties and modern cultivars as well as their feral and wild relatives. This research will generate a huge amount of sequence data and unique SNPs spread over many thousands of samples, and we feel confident we can resolve the evolution of Cannabis under domestication.

To further our study and create as complete an evolutionary tree as possible we need seeds collected overseas (or reproduced domestically) and have not been interbred with modern drug hybrids. We are interested in ALL Cannabis whether grown for fiber, seed or drug production as well as feral and wild populations. We can now collect sufficient high-quality DNA for analysis from a single seed. And there is no requirement to grow the seeds, so we can also use dead seeds. Many conscious travelers, marijuana users and growers collected seeds that they never got around to sowing, and now years later they are dead. Dead seeds are useless to growers and breeders, but they still contain valuable genetic information that can provide us with deeper insights into Cannabis’s evolution. It is also legal for us to send dead non-viable seeds to our lab in the USA by post.

If you have any seeds you feel may be of interest (living or dead) and want to contribute to this fascinating research feel free to contact us, just PM SamS at IC. We will provide a Netherlands PO Box for you to send the seed samples to us and we will provide an optional questionnaire about each batch of seeds. Batches can range from just a single to 25+ seeds.

As research progresses we will share data with you about any accessions you provide. Upon completion the results will change how we all look at Cannabis, and we will better understand the heritage of modern Cannabis cultivars. Growers will be able to see how their varieties (as well as traditional landraces sent by contributors) fit into the big picture – to determine the landrace origins of modern hybrids (ex., Jamaican, Mexican, Colombian, etc.) and explore deeper evolutionary relationships. Fascinating, eh?
If you have any questions please feel free to contact us.

All the best,

Rob Clarke and Sam Skunkman



Many people have asked us questions about our projects. The questions below are the ones we hear again and again. We want our work to be good for everyone involved, and we intend to be transparent about how and why we’re doing it.


PHYLOS BIOSCIENCE DNA PROJECT FAQ

Why is Phylos sequencing the DNA of all these Cannabis strains?

A few reasons. First we have some scientific questions we just want answered. We want to know how Cannabis has evolved, what its history was like, and how it has co-evolved with humans. And we want to know what domestication does to the shape of evolution.

We also want to understand today’s crazy mix of hybrid strains. We want to know where they came from, why they’re so different, and what makes each one unique.

But the reason that will probably affect most people is that we want to change the Cannabis industry into a modern, legitimate marketplace, where people actually know what they’re getting. We think this is the only way.


Will Phylos make and sell genetically modified Cannabis?

No. Absolutely not.


Will someone else make and sell genetically modified Cannabis?

Maybe. But it won’t be us. And it won’t make much sense to do it, because it is so easy to create amazing strains of Cannabis using traditional breeding techniques.


Will Phylos patent the strains that are submitted? Doesn’t sequencing the DNA of something let you control it or patent it?

We won’t patent the strains that are submitted. We don’t want to, and we couldn’t. Here are a few important facts about patents and plants:

* Sequencing the DNA of something does NOT let you patent it. In fact, after the court cases <http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/12pdf/12-398_1b7d.pdf>Assoc. for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics and <http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/11pdf/10-1150.pdf>Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc., it is no longer possible to patent naturally occurring DNA sequences at all.

* Cannabis strains cannot be patented, at least not now. To apply for a plant patent you have to declare that you successfully grew your new Cannabis variety somewhere on U.S. soil. The patent office will not grant claims that rest on violations of federal law.

* Intellectual property protection over a plant variety can also be obtained through the USDA Plant Variety Protection Office. But only for plants on their official list. Cannabis is not on that list, and won’t be until it is federally legal.

* Only things that are NEW can be patented. Once something is public and known about, it’s too late. Once something has been sold commercially, it’s too late. Even if Cannabis strains could be patented, all the existing strains are now in the public domain, and will stay there forever. Which is a good thing.


But doesn’t Monsanto want to patent all the Cannabis strains in the world and then make it illegal for me to grow any of them?

Probably. But existing strains can’t be patented.



What will Phylos do with the information it collects from sequencing the DNA of different Cannabis varieties?

We will use it to construct a map of all the different strains. We will publish this and make the data freely available to the research community. The individual data from each sample will also be freely available to the person who submitted it.
Hi Sam Skunkman, my Name is Sandro I'm from the Republic of Georgia and I registered on this forum to find some information about cross-breeding cultivated strains and landraces, but learning about was very interesting for me - I would like to help as I can from here, the Caucasus region, but because I'm very new here, I can't pm you, can you please tell me how do contact you otherwise concerning my enthusiastic engagement in this project?

Thanks,
S.
 

Sam_Skunkman

"RESIN BREEDER"
Moderator
Veteran
What do you have access to? We want landraces, drug. hemp. or wild. Even dead seeds can be used by us. Get your post count to 50. Can you list the landraces you have access to?
-SamS
 
9

99%

In two or three months we hope to have a provisional relationship map worked out that we can put on the web and will let us ID modern strains and hopefully at least test theories concerning the evolution of Cannabis.

What can you tell us about the preliminary findings? Have the results asked more questions than given answers or have the DNA findings confirmed your theories?
 
9

99%

Sam, Are these samples you receive from strangers on the net worth anything? ....as you have no absolute guarantee of the year, the place of origin etc that is sent in with a sample then aren't these samples basically useless for your research?

Unless you actually sourced the seeds yourself from an area and labelled them or were sourced by trusted researchers then why waste time and money DNA testing these donated seeds and instead concentrate on seeds or plant matter with known and verifiable information?
 

Kaspi

New member
I live in this country where there are many different landraces, we hunt them to cook in high-fat condensed milk and enjoy the smooth high coming in waves - I say landraces cause they grow in the wild, but some look like (tall, strong branches) having been cultivated for hemp-production in the past, while some are just feral, like the ones called Cannabis sativa L. subsp. spontanea Serebrjakova in Russian tradition and also called Cannabis Ruderalis in other traditions, the short and auto-flowering ones.

Then, in addition to this feral/escaped low-thc plants, there are of course different strains from different regions of Georgia, which is a small, but geographically diverse country. I believe there are traditional strains of both Indica and Sativa dominances (or what was used to be called Indica and Sativa), but no-one has ever documented them.

So, I registered on this forum to maybe get clues about how to start to put these local varieties to a catalogue and I found information that I didn't expect - 1 was about this mind-blowing re-clasification by Clarke and Merlin and the other about their theory regarding the NL Cannabis being from the more-or-less the same area as my country Georgia is (between the Black Sea and the Caucasus mountains).

That is why I want to contact you, I don't have much material yet, I will start taking samples in the second half of Spring, but I already have seeds of this above mentioned feral Ruderalis from a dry plain region in Eastern Georgia and I of cultivated drug-plant from the coastal region (where the most potent ones are said to come from in here).

For now, I cannot list the other races that I have come upon and cooked throughout years, but I want to collaborate with your project, the interest if Rob Clarke towards Caucasus being a big reason for it, do I really have to post so much, to be able to get in touch?

I mean I could just tell you my e-mail and you could contact me if interested :)

What is your email? I will contact you.
-SamS
 
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SpaceBros.

Member
Sam, Are these samples you receive from strangers on the net worth anything? ....as you have no absolute guarantee of the year, the place of origin etc that is sent in with a sample then aren't these samples basically useless for your research?

Unless you actually sourced the seeds yourself from an area and labelled them or were sourced by trusted researchers then why waste time and money DNA testing these donated seeds and instead concentrate on seeds or plant matter with known and verifiable information?

Yeah I don't get the point either. Using random peoples self assigned samples and using them as a reference population does not seem like good science to me.

I don't know maybe if you get 100 different "Oaxacan" accessions and 90 of them are similar genetically you could use that but I guess you'd be lucky to get a handful of each cultivar in this kind of project.

Maybe Sam can explain how it all works to us uneducated folks ...
 

purple_man

Well-known member
Veteran
damn!

as guessed, i dont expact sams to disclose any data availible ever or soon, even to the donors!

oh what a scam :/

blessss

ps.: i hope the sequences will help you design markers you planned for (@sams), BUT i don't think the ones you are screening for are to be found lolz

pps.: so much to the "open source" and donators will get access to data via the sample id they submitted...
 
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