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moose eater

moose eater

Well-known member
The Jungian Theological Seminary (affiliated with Columbia University) has voted to divest from those corporations profiting from genocide and war.

 
So Hai

So Hai

Well-known member
moose eater said:
Your example speaks in contradiction to several others who say differently.
Click to expand...
Obviously this is why I pointed out the fallacy in your reasoning.
D7B95522-1F86-4095-88CC-415D2C8AE6D2.jpeg

I will consider the folly that it is not the jewish religion but fake that is studied in the religious schools of the jewish state after the fact.
 
moose eater

moose eater

Well-known member
So Hai said:
Obviously this is why I pointed out the fallacy in your reasoning. View attachment 19001213
I will consider the folly that it is not the jewish religion but fake that is studied in the religious schools of the jewish state after the fact.
Click to expand...
Have you considered that it might be the difference between literalism and metaphor or parable, hyperbole, even, as it often is in nearly every other religion in the world?
 
moose eater

moose eater

Well-known member
A quote of clarification from the comments:

>>>""For clarity and specificity: This is the University of California Riverside, which is part of the UC system. Well done to these students.""<<<

 
GenghisKush

GenghisKush

Well-known member
NAZI ROOTS OF PALESTINIAN NATIONALISM

by David Storobin


"Our fundamental condition for cooperating with Germany was a free hand to eradicate every last Jew from Palestine and the Arab world. I asked Hitler for an explicit undertaking to allow us to solve the Jewish problem in a manner befitting our national and racial aspirations and according to the scientific methods innovated by Germany in the handling of its Jews. The answer I got was: The Jews are yours."
-- Former Mufti of Jerusalem Haj Amin al-Husseini in his post-World War II memoirs.[1}

"The Mufti was one of the initiators of the systematic extermination of European Jewry and had been a collaborator and adviser of Eichmann and Himmler in the execution of this plan... He was one of Eichmann's best friends and had constantly incited him to accelerate the extermination measures."
-- Adolf Eichmann`s deputy Dieter Wisliceny in his Nuremberg Trials testimony.[2]

Within weeks of Adolf Hitler`s ascendance to power, the Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini, contacted the German counsel-general in Palestine. With the exception of funding some anti-Semitic riots, Germans rejected the Arab`s overtures until 1937, when Adolf Eichmann and Herbert Hagen were sent to Palestine to establish a framework to provide Husseini with military and financial aid by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.[3]

By then, the Mufti had already proven his anti-Jewish credentials to the Germans by organizing a three-year-long series of riots and massacres.

On April 19, 1936, a crowd of Arabs stumbled upon Jews in the town of Jaffa. Having been incited by Mufti-spread rumors that Zionists were killing Muslims, the crowd decided to kill three of the Jews they met. Six days later, the Arab Higher Committee was created, with al-Husseini presiding over the new body. The committee openly endorsed past violence and began organizing future terror.

On May 5, the British colonial authorities warned al-Husseini against committing illegal acts but did not appear particularly decisive, leading the Arab to conclude that he could organize mass violence with impunity. By October 1936, nearly 300 people were killed and another 1,100 wounded.[4]

Colonial forces arrested a few pawns and one major leader, but took no action against the Mufti. The New York Times reported on June 14, 1936 that al-Husseini had succeeded "in convincing experienced high British civil servants that he is working for the government`s interests [and that] it was in the interest of the government that he should also be president of the new Arab High Committee," so that Haj Amin el-Husseini enjoys the government`s complete confidence as its unofficial adviser on the Arab side of the situation....The government believes that he and only he is in a position to appease the Moslem masses; therefore it gives him every support while at the same time playing into his hands."[5]

Continuing its policy of siding with the Mufti, in June the Brits arrested scores of members of the Defense Party sponsored by the rival Nashashibi clan, despite lack of any evidence that the Nashashibis were involved in the massacres. Ninety percent of Arabs in the Sinai concentration camp belonged to the Defense Party, with another 10 percent coming from smaller political movements. None of the Husseini-backed people were sent to the camp.[6]

The UK was not the only power helping the Mufti in 1936. The USSR-sponsored Communist Party of Palestine also did its part. After the 1929 massacres (including the slaughter of 68 Jews in Hebron), the Communist Party issued a statement that "revolutionary movement without pogroms [anti-Semitic riots] is impossible." The Communists even considered the Mufti "too moderate" in his fight against Jews.[7]

In the run-up to the 1936-39 riots, the Palestinian leader began coordinating the organization of anti-Jewish violence. In November 1935, Communists declared that Zionists were killing Arabs, helping the Mufti`s propaganda campaign to spark Arab rage against the Jews. On the eve of the first riots, Communists met al-Husseini to work out the final terms of their roles in the upcoming violence. Communist Party member Nimr Uda became the intelligence chief for the Mufti`s military units. Another Communist representative, Fuad Nasir, was named deputy to Abdul Qadir Husseini, commander of Arab fighters in the southern West Bank.[8]

By 1937, Britain realized the Mufti was sponsoring the violence not just against Jews, but against the English as well. Al-Husseini fled Jerusalem and settled in Lebanon. So glad were the British to see the Mufti leave that they did not even bother to ask the French powers governing Lebanon to extradite him.

Meanwhile, in an attempt to please the Arabs, the UK`s Peel Commission violated the League of Nations Mandate by offering a proposal to divide the land designated as the "Jewish National Home" by the League of Nations Mandate of 1922. Instead, under the Peel Commission proposal of 1937, only a small part of the land would become the Jewish state.

A year later, the Peel Commission issued another proposal, with even less land offered to Jews. Some time after that, the British issued the White Paper of 1939 rejecting the idea of a Jewish National Home and severely restricting Jewish immigration. It was hoped for in London that such concessions to Arab nationalists would appease al-Husseini and his supporters. Yet, only two years after the White Paper, the Mufti would come back to strike the British again.[9]

In 1940 it looked as if Hitler's armada was unstoppable. Having already conquered France, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg, Hitler and his friends in Italy, Spain and the occupied countries were clearly the rulers of continental Europe. Hitler had also allied himself with the USSR under the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of 1939 which divided Eastern Europe by giving the Baltic states and parts of Poland and Romania to the USSR, while letting the Germans take over western Poland, Romania and other European nations.

Meanwhile, the Japanese were the dominant force of Asia, seemingly set to impose their control on that continent. Britain`s Winston Churchill stood virtually alone against the Fascist onslaught, with the United States mired in radical isolationism, refusing to take part in what many Americans saw as a European war.

The one region where the British still had significant influence was the Middle East. Hitler set out to change that. Al-Husseini wanted to get rid of the Hashemite-clan rulers in Iraq and Transjordan. Both men wanted to get rid of the Jews and the Brits. It was a marriage made in heaven.

Despite boasting a powerful navy, the United Kingdom had an army that was modest in size and spread too thin. The Middle East, especially Iraq, seemed likely to be the next pawn to fall to the Third Reich.

In 1940, King Ghazi (son of King Faisal I) died, leaving only his four-year-old son to govern. Emir Abdul-Illah, the regent for the young Iraqi king, felt the need to bring Rashid Ali al-Kaylani into the government as the prime minister, despite the latter`s support for Nazi Germany and links with al-Husseini. The new head of state immediately shifted the policies of Iraq in favor of Nazi Germany, guaranteeing suply of natural resources to Hitler and refusing to cut ties with Italy. The former Mufti of Jerusalem and his surrogates frequently acted as the government`s representatives with foreigners. Kaylani also asked from Hitler the right to "deal with Jews" in Arab states - a request that was granted.[10]

Britain responded with severe economic sanctions which, coupled with the UK`s initial defeat of German forces in North Africa and pressure from the Iraqi royal family, brought down the pro-German government on January 31, 1941. Kaylani and other pro-Axis Iraqis, under the influence of al-Husseini, conspired, unsuccessfully, to murder Abdul-Illah. But thanks to widespread support for Kaylani among government officials, he was back in power two months later.[11]

As one of its first acts, the restored pro-German administration sent its artillery to attack the British air base at Habbaniya, causing the Brits to respond by invading Basra. The hoped-for support from Nazi Germany never came and Kaylani eventually fled to Saudi Arabia.[12]

Haj Amin al-Husseini, who issued a fatwa (Islamic religious ruling) calling on all Muslims to help the pro-Axis government in Iraq, became one of England`s most wanted men. In May 1941, a group of Jewish fighters, including David Raziel, leader of the right-wing Irgun, set out for Iraq to assassinate the former Mufti on a mission sponsored by the Churchill government. The mission ended prematurely when Raziel was killed by a bomb dropped from a German plane. Aware that his life was in danger, al-Husseini fled to Europe dressed as a woman.[13]

On November 28, 1941 the former Mufti was officially received by Hitler, who agreed to establish a bureau for al-Husseini which was used to spread propaganda on behalf of Nazi Germany, organize spy rings in Europe and the Middle East, and, most importantly, establish Muslim Nazi SS divisions and Wehrmacht units in Bosnia, the Balkans, North Africa and Nazi-occupied parts of the Soviet Union. After the meeting, the Mufti was also named SS gruppenfuehrer by Heinrich Himmler and referred to as the "Fuhrer of the Arab World" by Hitler himself.[14]

The largest Muslim Nazi SS unit was the 13th division, known as Hanjar. Husseini also encouraged the creation of smaller, less efficient units, including the Waffen SS divisions known as Skanderbeg (made up predominantly of Albanians) and Kama (made up mostly of Yugoslavian Muslims). Thus, Hitler`s Mufti organized or encouraged three out of 27 Waffen SS divisions formed before 1945 (eleven other SS divisions were formed in 1945, but most of these were of questionable caliber and accepted soldiers of questionable skill).

According to the Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, al-Husseini "organized in record time" Croatian units that went on to massacre hundreds of thousands of Serbian Orthodox Christians. Jacenovac, the third largest death camp, where more than 200,000 people met their death, was run by Croatian Ante Pavelic with the aid of al-Husseini. In all, at least 800,000 Yugoslavian civilians were murdered by Pavelic's pro-Axis Ustaschi regime.[15]

Despite the relative inefficiency of the Hanjar division and the total incompetence of the other two divisions, it can still be said that the units established and encouraged by the "Fuhrer of the Arab World" played a significant role in the genocide. Tens of thousands of Jews outside Yugoslavia also perished when the Mufti argued against trading them for German POWs held by the Allies.

Al-Husseini opened a North African Bureau in Germany with the goal of recruiting 500,000 Arab soldiers from Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria. The plan failed when German forces were forced to withdraw from much of North Africa after a successful British operation.[16]

But an Arab Legion was founded, and it fought under the German flag. Arab soldiers had hoped to fight in the Middle East but were instead sent to the Russian front, where they were completely wiped out while fighting in the Caucasus region. Some time later, in responseto the British decision to create a Jewish Brigade made up of some of the 26,000 Palestinian Jews who had fought under the United Kingdom's flag, the Mufti convinced the Germans to create an Arab Brigade. The unit, however, either did not fight or was not very efficient because very little is known about it.[17]

The Mufti also made a particularly strong effort to recruit Soviet Muslims. "It was largely due to Haj Amin's propaganda that on the arrival of German armies in the northern Caucasus in 1942, five indigene tribes - the Chechens, the Ingushes, the Balkars, the Karachais, and the Kabardines - welcomed them with bread and salt," wrote Joseph Schechtman in The Mufti and the Fuhrer.[18] Stalin's response was deadly. Caucasian Muslims, including nearly all Chechens and Ingush, were exiled from their land, with up to a third dying as a result of inhumane treatment by Soviet authorities.

The Mufti was similarly instrumental in the recruitment of the Azerbaijani battalion, which "proved their valor, were included in German Storm Troops and decorated by the German Army," according to a November 1943 broadcast by DNB, the German News Agency. The Mufti`s representatives in Central Asia recruited some Muslim fighters for Nazi Germany there as well, despite widespread sympathy among the majority of Central Asian Muslims for the plight of the Jews during the Holocaust.[19]

The Mufti`s hatred of the West was matched only by his hatred of the Jews. It is not a coincidence that Germany suddenly abandoned the policy of expelling Jews and adopted far harsher methods a short time after the Mufti arrived in Germany. When Haj Amin came to Germany again, the Nazis decided to execute the Final Solution to the Jewish Problem.

"The Mufti was one of the initiators of the systematic extermination of European Jewry," reported Eichmann`s deputy, Dieter Wisliceny. "[He had] played a role in the decision to exterminate the European Jews. The importance of this role must not be disregarded.... The Mufti was one of the initiators of the systematic extermination of European Jewry."[20]

We do not know if al-Husseini played a major role in shaping the Final Solution. "There is, however," wrote Joseph Schechtman, "abundant first-hand evidence of the part the Mufti played in making foolproof the ban on emigration (of Jews out of Germany)."[21]

When the war ended, al-Husseini returned to the Middle East as a hero. On October 1, 1948, he was proclaimed the president of the government of All-Palestine. The government was fictional, however, because it did not control any land and was recognized by only a handful of Arab nations. In 1959 it was dispersed by its sponsor, Egypt.[22]

By that time, however, another member of the al-Husseini clan was planning terror. Around the same time that the All-Palestine government was disbanded, a man by the name of Muhammad Abd al-Rahman ar-Rauf al-Qudwah al-Husaini - better known as Yasir Arafat - was busy organizing Fatah, which would go on to become the main faction of the PLO.

Support for Nazism was not limited to the former Mufti. "We admired the Nazis. We were immersed in reading Nazi literature and books . . . . We were the first who thought of a translation of Mein Kampf. Anyone who lived in Damascus at that time was witness to the Arab inclination toward Nazism," recalled Sami al-Joundi, one of the founders of Syria's ruling Ba'ath Party. [23] Indeed, a popular WWII song was heard in the Middle East featuring words: Bissama Allah, oria alard Hitler - in heaven Allah, on earth Hitler. Picking up the theme of the book, posters were put up in Arab markets and elsewhere proclaiming, "In heaven Allah is thy ruler; on earth Adolph Hitler." John Gunther of Inside Asia reported: "The greatest contemporary Arab hero is probably Hitler." [24]

In October 1933, pro-Axis Young Egypt Party was founded. Styling itself of its German ideal, the new party built a storm-trooper unit, marching with torches under the slogan "One folk, One party, One Leader." Among the members of the violently anti-Semitic party was the young Gamal Abdel Nasser. [25] Nasser's brother, Nassiri, was the translator of Hitler's Mein Kampf into Arabic, describing the Fascist despot in glowing terms. After the "Free Officers" came to power in the 1950's, President Nasser used Joachim Daumling, the former Gestapo chief in Dusseldorf, to build the Egyptian secret service. The Gestapo chief of Warsaw organized the Egyptian security police. [26]

Another future Egyptian President, Anwar Sadat, was imprisoned during World War II for cooperating with Adolf Hitler's regime. Towards the end of World War II, Sadat wrote to the Fuhrer: "My dear Hitler, I congratulate you from the bottom of my heart. Even if you appear to have been defeated, in reality you are the victor. You succeeded in creating dissensions between Churchill, the old man, and his allies, the Sons of Satan. Germany will win because her existence is necessary to preserve the world balance. Germany will be reborn in spite of the Western and Eastern powers. There will be no peace unless Germany once again becomes what she was." [27]

A few years prior to writing this letter, Anwar Sadat contacted Muslim Brotherhood's leader Hassan al-Banna, an ardent supporter of Nazi Germany. The meeting put Sadat in contact with Abd al-Munim Adb al-Rauf, who went on to become a leading member of the Free Officers and a chief propagandist and protagonist of the Brotherhood. [28] Both men tried to join the pro-Axis fighters in Iraq, but failed. Sadat also met with Dr. Ibrahim Hasan, the second deputy of Ikhwan. The two gentlemen agreed that "salvation of the country could be assured only by a coup at the hands of the military" because of the King's support for the Allies. [29] On February 24, 1945, the Prime Minister of Egypt was assassinated by a member of the National Party as he was reading the declaration of war against Germany. [30] The Brotherhood and the military were not involved in the murder, but clearly did not object to the act. The assassination would become a sign of the things to come in the decades after the World War.

SOURCES

1. Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia. Cited online on June 22, 2004 at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haj_Amin_Al-Husseini 2. Ibid.
3. Joseph Schechtman, The Mufti and the Fuehrer." p. 44-46
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid., 46
7. Ibid., 38-39
8. Ibid., 46
9. Ibid.
10. Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia. Cited online on June 22, 2004 at
en.wikipedia.org

Rashid Ali al-Gaylani - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia. Cited online on June 22, 2004
at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haj_Amin_Al-Husseini
14. Ibid.
15. Sean Mac Mathuna, Flame Magazine, "The Role of the SS Handschar division in Yugoslavia's Holocaust". Cited online on June 24, 2004 at: http://www.fantompowa.net/Flame/yugoslavia_collaboration.htm
16. Schechtman, 131
17. Schechtman, 135-137
18. Schechtman, 46
19. Schechtman, 141
20. Schechtman, 141-42
21. Schechtman, 159-60
22. Schechtman, 153
23. Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia. Cited online on June 22, 2004 at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haj_Amin_Al-Husseini
24. Christian Action for Israel Web Site. "The Arab/Muslim Nazi Connection". Cited online on June 25, 2004 at http://www.cdn-friends-icej.ca/antiholo/arabnazi.html
25. Schechtman, 84-85
26. Christian Action for Israel Web Site. "The Arab/Muslim Nazi Connection". Cited online on June 25, 2004 at http://www.cdn-friends-icej.ca/antiholo/arabnazi.html
27. Sean Mac Mathuna, Flame Magazine, "Postwar Arab links to the ODESSA network". Cited online on June 24, 2004 at:
http://www.fantompowa.net/Flame/nazis_postwar_egypt.htm28. Sadat's letter, Al Musawwar, No. 1510, September 18,1953, cited in D.F. Green, ed., Arab Theologians on Jews and Israel (Geneva, 1976 ed.), p. 87. Cited on August 3, 2004 on the Eretz Yisroel Web site at: http://www.eretzyisroel.org/~jkatz/missed.html 28. Mitchell, 96-97
29. Mitchell, 25
30. Mitchell, 33

David Storobin, Esq., is a New York attorney who is currently writing a book titled "The Root Cause: The Rise of Fundamentalist Islam and its Threat to the World." He is also editor-in-chief of the Global Politician (www.GlobalPolitician.com), an online journal of politics, economics and world affairs.

This appeared on the Jewish Press website January 12, 2005. It is archived at
www.jewishpress.com

What An Unusual Friday!

Is there a mitzvah to eat the night before Yom Kippur? If it is merely in preparation for the fasting, it is questionable whether the night before is that helpful.
www.jewishpress.com www.jewishpress.com
 
GenghisKush

GenghisKush

Well-known member
Omar Amin (born Johann Jakob von Leers; 25 January 1902 – 5 March 1965) was an Alter Kämpfer and an honorary Sturmbannführer[1] in the Waffen-SS in Nazi Germany, where he was also a professor known for his anti-Jewish polemics. He was one of the most important ideologues of the Third Reich, serving as a high-ranking propaganda ministry official. He later served in the Egyptian Information Department, as well as an advisor to Gamal Abdel Nasser.[2] He published for Goebbels, in Peron's Argentina, and for Nasser's Egypt. He converted to Islam, and changed his name to Omar Amin.

In English:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_von_Leers

Auf Deutsch:
de.wikipedia.org

Johann von Leers – Wikipedia

de.wikipedia.org de.wikipedia.org

Jeffrey Herf reports that in December 1942 Leers published an article in Die Judenfrage, a journal which belonged to the anti-Semitic intellectual world, entitled "Judaism and Islam as Opposites". As the title indicates, the author's perspective is Hegelian, presenting Judaism and Islam in terms of thesis and antithesis. This essay also reveals the ingratiating National Socialist perspective which Leers projected on the Islamic past, as well as the intensity of his hatred for Judaism and Jewry. The following passage is part of the original text:

Mohammed's hostility to the Jews had one result: Oriental Jewry was completely paralyzed. Its backbone was broken. Oriental Jewry effectively did not participate in [European] Jewry's tremendous rise to power in the last two centuries. Despised in the filthy lanes of the mellah (the walled Jewish quarter of a Moroccan city, analogous to the European ghetto) the Jews vegetated there. They lived under a special law (that of a protected minority), which in contrast to Europe did not permit usury or even traffic in stolen goods, but kept them in a state of oppression and anxiety. If the rest of the world had adopted a similar policy, we would not have a Jewish Question... As a religion, Islam indeed performed an eternal service to the world: it prevented the threatened conquest of Arabia by the Jews and vanquished the horrible teaching of Jehovah by a pure religion, which at that time opened the way to a higher culture for numerous peoples ....
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After the Second World War[edit]​

In 1945, Leers fled from Germany to Italy, where he lived for five years, then in 1950 migrated to Argentina, where he continued his propaganda activities. During this period he was a contributor to Der Weg, a Nazi publication founded in Buenos Aires in 1947.[13] He was praised by Haj Amin al-Husseini, Grand Mufti of Jerusalem and a Nazi wartime ally, for his loyalty to Arab nationalism.[4] Thereafter he moved from Argentina to Egypt.[6]


In Buenos Aires, Leers became editor of Der Weg and praised the American neo-fascist Francis Parker Yockey and his book Imperium for its understanding of Russia, which was heavily influenced by Oswald Spengler's concept of "psuedomorphosis".[14]

The Swedish journalist and writer Elisabeth Åsbrink probed the reasons for Sweden's centrality in the European far-right scene in her book 1947: When Now Begins. In it, she portrays Per Engdahl (1909–1994), the leader of the Swedish fascist movement, who created an escape route for Nazis from all parts of Europe. This route passed through northern Germany and Denmark, leading to Malmö in Sweden. From there, the fleeing Nazis were smuggled to various places in southern Sweden and then sent by ship from Gothenburg to South America. Engdahl claimed to have "saved" about 4,000 Nazis in this way. One of those whom Engdahl assisted was Johann von Leers, who "arrived in Malmö in 1947, and ... got to Buenos Aires, where he edited a paper that became a communications channel between Nazis in Europe and those who ended up in Latin America".[15]

Leers was later persuaded to migrate to Egypt by Haj Amin al-Husseini, who by then was a Palestinian leader living in Egypt, with whom he was in close contact. There, he converted to Islam and changed his name to Omar Amin, as a gesture to his benefactor, and became the political adviser to the Information Department under Muhammad Naguib and Gamal Abdel Nasser,[4] as well as being friendly with al-Husseini.[16] Eventually he became the head of President Nasser's 'Israeli' propaganda unit[15][17] and served as head of the Institute for the Study of Zionism, managing anti-Israeli propaganda.[18] Leers was a mentor of Ahmed Huber and networked with Muslim emigres in Hamburg,[18] while also being an acquaintance of Otto Ernst Remer in the country.[19][20]

Leers died in Egypt on 5 March 1965, aged 63.[1] His remains were returned to Germany at the expense of the Egyptian government and in June 1965 were buried in Schutterwald, in an islamic funeral.[21]
[/QUOTE]
 
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I

igrowone

Well-known member
Veteran
GenghisKush said:
NAZI ROOTS OF PALESTINIAN NATIONALISM

by David Storobin


"Our fundamental condition for cooperating with Germany was a free hand to eradicate every last Jew from Palestine and the Arab world. I asked Hitler for an explicit undertaking to allow us to solve the Jewish problem in a manner befitting our national and racial aspirations and according to the scientific methods innovated by Germany in the handling of its Jews. The answer I got was: The Jews are yours."
-- Former Mufti of Jerusalem Haj Amin al-Husseini in his post-World War II memoirs.[1}

"The Mufti was one of the initiators of the systematic extermination of European Jewry and had been a collaborator and adviser of Eichmann and Himmler in the execution of this plan... He was one of Eichmann's best friends and had constantly incited him to accelerate the extermination measures."
-- Adolf Eichmann`s deputy Dieter Wisliceny in his Nuremberg Trials testimony.[2]

Within weeks of Adolf Hitler`s ascendance to power, the Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini, contacted the German counsel-general in Palestine. With the exception of funding some anti-Semitic riots, Germans rejected the Arab`s overtures until 1937, when Adolf Eichmann and Herbert Hagen were sent to Palestine to establish a framework to provide Husseini with military and financial aid by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.[3]

By then, the Mufti had already proven his anti-Jewish credentials to the Germans by organizing a three-year-long series of riots and massacres.

On April 19, 1936, a crowd of Arabs stumbled upon Jews in the town of Jaffa. Having been incited by Mufti-spread rumors that Zionists were killing Muslims, the crowd decided to kill three of the Jews they met. Six days later, the Arab Higher Committee was created, with al-Husseini presiding over the new body. The committee openly endorsed past violence and began organizing future terror.

On May 5, the British colonial authorities warned al-Husseini against committing illegal acts but did not appear particularly decisive, leading the Arab to conclude that he could organize mass violence with impunity. By October 1936, nearly 300 people were killed and another 1,100 wounded.[4]

Colonial forces arrested a few pawns and one major leader, but took no action against the Mufti. The New York Times reported on June 14, 1936 that al-Husseini had succeeded "in convincing experienced high British civil servants that he is working for the government`s interests [and that] it was in the interest of the government that he should also be president of the new Arab High Committee," so that Haj Amin el-Husseini enjoys the government`s complete confidence as its unofficial adviser on the Arab side of the situation....The government believes that he and only he is in a position to appease the Moslem masses; therefore it gives him every support while at the same time playing into his hands."[5]

Continuing its policy of siding with the Mufti, in June the Brits arrested scores of members of the Defense Party sponsored by the rival Nashashibi clan, despite lack of any evidence that the Nashashibis were involved in the massacres. Ninety percent of Arabs in the Sinai concentration camp belonged to the Defense Party, with another 10 percent coming from smaller political movements. None of the Husseini-backed people were sent to the camp.[6]

The UK was not the only power helping the Mufti in 1936. The USSR-sponsored Communist Party of Palestine also did its part. After the 1929 massacres (including the slaughter of 68 Jews in Hebron), the Communist Party issued a statement that "revolutionary movement without pogroms [anti-Semitic riots] is impossible." The Communists even considered the Mufti "too moderate" in his fight against Jews.[7]

In the run-up to the 1936-39 riots, the Palestinian leader began coordinating the organization of anti-Jewish violence. In November 1935, Communists declared that Zionists were killing Arabs, helping the Mufti`s propaganda campaign to spark Arab rage against the Jews. On the eve of the first riots, Communists met al-Husseini to work out the final terms of their roles in the upcoming violence. Communist Party member Nimr Uda became the intelligence chief for the Mufti`s military units. Another Communist representative, Fuad Nasir, was named deputy to Abdul Qadir Husseini, commander of Arab fighters in the southern West Bank.[8]

By 1937, Britain realized the Mufti was sponsoring the violence not just against Jews, but against the English as well. Al-Husseini fled Jerusalem and settled in Lebanon. So glad were the British to see the Mufti leave that they did not even bother to ask the French powers governing Lebanon to extradite him.

Meanwhile, in an attempt to please the Arabs, the UK`s Peel Commission violated the League of Nations Mandate by offering a proposal to divide the land designated as the "Jewish National Home" by the League of Nations Mandate of 1922. Instead, under the Peel Commission proposal of 1937, only a small part of the land would become the Jewish state.

A year later, the Peel Commission issued another proposal, with even less land offered to Jews. Some time after that, the British issued the White Paper of 1939 rejecting the idea of a Jewish National Home and severely restricting Jewish immigration. It was hoped for in London that such concessions to Arab nationalists would appease al-Husseini and his supporters. Yet, only two years after the White Paper, the Mufti would come back to strike the British again.[9]

In 1940 it looked as if Hitler's armada was unstoppable. Having already conquered France, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg, Hitler and his friends in Italy, Spain and the occupied countries were clearly the rulers of continental Europe. Hitler had also allied himself with the USSR under the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of 1939 which divided Eastern Europe by giving the Baltic states and parts of Poland and Romania to the USSR, while letting the Germans take over western Poland, Romania and other European nations.

Meanwhile, the Japanese were the dominant force of Asia, seemingly set to impose their control on that continent. Britain`s Winston Churchill stood virtually alone against the Fascist onslaught, with the United States mired in radical isolationism, refusing to take part in what many Americans saw as a European war.

The one region where the British still had significant influence was the Middle East. Hitler set out to change that. Al-Husseini wanted to get rid of the Hashemite-clan rulers in Iraq and Transjordan. Both men wanted to get rid of the Jews and the Brits. It was a marriage made in heaven.

Despite boasting a powerful navy, the United Kingdom had an army that was modest in size and spread too thin. The Middle East, especially Iraq, seemed likely to be the next pawn to fall to the Third Reich.

In 1940, King Ghazi (son of King Faisal I) died, leaving only his four-year-old son to govern. Emir Abdul-Illah, the regent for the young Iraqi king, felt the need to bring Rashid Ali al-Kaylani into the government as the prime minister, despite the latter`s support for Nazi Germany and links with al-Husseini. The new head of state immediately shifted the policies of Iraq in favor of Nazi Germany, guaranteeing suply of natural resources to Hitler and refusing to cut ties with Italy. The former Mufti of Jerusalem and his surrogates frequently acted as the government`s representatives with foreigners. Kaylani also asked from Hitler the right to "deal with Jews" in Arab states - a request that was granted.[10]

Britain responded with severe economic sanctions which, coupled with the UK`s initial defeat of German forces in North Africa and pressure from the Iraqi royal family, brought down the pro-German government on January 31, 1941. Kaylani and other pro-Axis Iraqis, under the influence of al-Husseini, conspired, unsuccessfully, to murder Abdul-Illah. But thanks to widespread support for Kaylani among government officials, he was back in power two months later.[11]

As one of its first acts, the restored pro-German administration sent its artillery to attack the British air base at Habbaniya, causing the Brits to respond by invading Basra. The hoped-for support from Nazi Germany never came and Kaylani eventually fled to Saudi Arabia.[12]

Haj Amin al-Husseini, who issued a fatwa (Islamic religious ruling) calling on all Muslims to help the pro-Axis government in Iraq, became one of England`s most wanted men. In May 1941, a group of Jewish fighters, including David Raziel, leader of the right-wing Irgun, set out for Iraq to assassinate the former Mufti on a mission sponsored by the Churchill government. The mission ended prematurely when Raziel was killed by a bomb dropped from a German plane. Aware that his life was in danger, al-Husseini fled to Europe dressed as a woman.[13]

On November 28, 1941 the former Mufti was officially received by Hitler, who agreed to establish a bureau for al-Husseini which was used to spread propaganda on behalf of Nazi Germany, organize spy rings in Europe and the Middle East, and, most importantly, establish Muslim Nazi SS divisions and Wehrmacht units in Bosnia, the Balkans, North Africa and Nazi-occupied parts of the Soviet Union. After the meeting, the Mufti was also named SS gruppenfuehrer by Heinrich Himmler and referred to as the "Fuhrer of the Arab World" by Hitler himself.[14]

The largest Muslim Nazi SS unit was the 13th division, known as Hanjar. Husseini also encouraged the creation of smaller, less efficient units, including the Waffen SS divisions known as Skanderbeg (made up predominantly of Albanians) and Kama (made up mostly of Yugoslavian Muslims). Thus, Hitler`s Mufti organized or encouraged three out of 27 Waffen SS divisions formed before 1945 (eleven other SS divisions were formed in 1945, but most of these were of questionable caliber and accepted soldiers of questionable skill).

According to the Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, al-Husseini "organized in record time" Croatian units that went on to massacre hundreds of thousands of Serbian Orthodox Christians. Jacenovac, the third largest death camp, where more than 200,000 people met their death, was run by Croatian Ante Pavelic with the aid of al-Husseini. In all, at least 800,000 Yugoslavian civilians were murdered by Pavelic's pro-Axis Ustaschi regime.[15]

Despite the relative inefficiency of the Hanjar division and the total incompetence of the other two divisions, it can still be said that the units established and encouraged by the "Fuhrer of the Arab World" played a significant role in the genocide. Tens of thousands of Jews outside Yugoslavia also perished when the Mufti argued against trading them for German POWs held by the Allies.

Al-Husseini opened a North African Bureau in Germany with the goal of recruiting 500,000 Arab soldiers from Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria. The plan failed when German forces were forced to withdraw from much of North Africa after a successful British operation.[16]

But an Arab Legion was founded, and it fought under the German flag. Arab soldiers had hoped to fight in the Middle East but were instead sent to the Russian front, where they were completely wiped out while fighting in the Caucasus region. Some time later, in responseto the British decision to create a Jewish Brigade made up of some of the 26,000 Palestinian Jews who had fought under the United Kingdom's flag, the Mufti convinced the Germans to create an Arab Brigade. The unit, however, either did not fight or was not very efficient because very little is known about it.[17]

The Mufti also made a particularly strong effort to recruit Soviet Muslims. "It was largely due to Haj Amin's propaganda that on the arrival of German armies in the northern Caucasus in 1942, five indigene tribes - the Chechens, the Ingushes, the Balkars, the Karachais, and the Kabardines - welcomed them with bread and salt," wrote Joseph Schechtman in The Mufti and the Fuhrer.[18] Stalin's response was deadly. Caucasian Muslims, including nearly all Chechens and Ingush, were exiled from their land, with up to a third dying as a result of inhumane treatment by Soviet authorities.

The Mufti was similarly instrumental in the recruitment of the Azerbaijani battalion, which "proved their valor, were included in German Storm Troops and decorated by the German Army," according to a November 1943 broadcast by DNB, the German News Agency. The Mufti`s representatives in Central Asia recruited some Muslim fighters for Nazi Germany there as well, despite widespread sympathy among the majority of Central Asian Muslims for the plight of the Jews during the Holocaust.[19]

The Mufti`s hatred of the West was matched only by his hatred of the Jews. It is not a coincidence that Germany suddenly abandoned the policy of expelling Jews and adopted far harsher methods a short time after the Mufti arrived in Germany. When Haj Amin came to Germany again, the Nazis decided to execute the Final Solution to the Jewish Problem.

"The Mufti was one of the initiators of the systematic extermination of European Jewry," reported Eichmann`s deputy, Dieter Wisliceny. "[He had] played a role in the decision to exterminate the European Jews. The importance of this role must not be disregarded.... The Mufti was one of the initiators of the systematic extermination of European Jewry."[20]

We do not know if al-Husseini played a major role in shaping the Final Solution. "There is, however," wrote Joseph Schechtman, "abundant first-hand evidence of the part the Mufti played in making foolproof the ban on emigration (of Jews out of Germany)."[21]

When the war ended, al-Husseini returned to the Middle East as a hero. On October 1, 1948, he was proclaimed the president of the government of All-Palestine. The government was fictional, however, because it did not control any land and was recognized by only a handful of Arab nations. In 1959 it was dispersed by its sponsor, Egypt.[22]

By that time, however, another member of the al-Husseini clan was planning terror. Around the same time that the All-Palestine government was disbanded, a man by the name of Muhammad Abd al-Rahman ar-Rauf al-Qudwah al-Husaini - better known as Yasir Arafat - was busy organizing Fatah, which would go on to become the main faction of the PLO.

Support for Nazism was not limited to the former Mufti. "We admired the Nazis. We were immersed in reading Nazi literature and books . . . . We were the first who thought of a translation of Mein Kampf. Anyone who lived in Damascus at that time was witness to the Arab inclination toward Nazism," recalled Sami al-Joundi, one of the founders of Syria's ruling Ba'ath Party. [23] Indeed, a popular WWII song was heard in the Middle East featuring words: Bissama Allah, oria alard Hitler - in heaven Allah, on earth Hitler. Picking up the theme of the book, posters were put up in Arab markets and elsewhere proclaiming, "In heaven Allah is thy ruler; on earth Adolph Hitler." John Gunther of Inside Asia reported: "The greatest contemporary Arab hero is probably Hitler." [24]

In October 1933, pro-Axis Young Egypt Party was founded. Styling itself of its German ideal, the new party built a storm-trooper unit, marching with torches under the slogan "One folk, One party, One Leader." Among the members of the violently anti-Semitic party was the young Gamal Abdel Nasser. [25] Nasser's brother, Nassiri, was the translator of Hitler's Mein Kampf into Arabic, describing the Fascist despot in glowing terms. After the "Free Officers" came to power in the 1950's, President Nasser used Joachim Daumling, the former Gestapo chief in Dusseldorf, to build the Egyptian secret service. The Gestapo chief of Warsaw organized the Egyptian security police. [26]

Another future Egyptian President, Anwar Sadat, was imprisoned during World War II for cooperating with Adolf Hitler's regime. Towards the end of World War II, Sadat wrote to the Fuhrer: "My dear Hitler, I congratulate you from the bottom of my heart. Even if you appear to have been defeated, in reality you are the victor. You succeeded in creating dissensions between Churchill, the old man, and his allies, the Sons of Satan. Germany will win because her existence is necessary to preserve the world balance. Germany will be reborn in spite of the Western and Eastern powers. There will be no peace unless Germany once again becomes what she was." [27]

A few years prior to writing this letter, Anwar Sadat contacted Muslim Brotherhood's leader Hassan al-Banna, an ardent supporter of Nazi Germany. The meeting put Sadat in contact with Abd al-Munim Adb al-Rauf, who went on to become a leading member of the Free Officers and a chief propagandist and protagonist of the Brotherhood. [28] Both men tried to join the pro-Axis fighters in Iraq, but failed. Sadat also met with Dr. Ibrahim Hasan, the second deputy of Ikhwan. The two gentlemen agreed that "salvation of the country could be assured only by a coup at the hands of the military" because of the King's support for the Allies. [29] On February 24, 1945, the Prime Minister of Egypt was assassinated by a member of the National Party as he was reading the declaration of war against Germany. [30] The Brotherhood and the military were not involved in the murder, but clearly did not object to the act. The assassination would become a sign of the things to come in the decades after the World War.

SOURCES

1. Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia. Cited online on June 22, 2004 at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haj_Amin_Al-Husseini 2. Ibid.
3. Joseph Schechtman, The Mufti and the Fuehrer." p. 44-46
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid., 46
7. Ibid., 38-39
8. Ibid., 46
9. Ibid.
10. Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia. Cited online on June 22, 2004 at
en.wikipedia.org

Rashid Ali al-Gaylani - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia. Cited online on June 22, 2004
at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haj_Amin_Al-Husseini
14. Ibid.
15. Sean Mac Mathuna, Flame Magazine, "The Role of the SS Handschar division in Yugoslavia's Holocaust". Cited online on June 24, 2004 at: http://www.fantompowa.net/Flame/yugoslavia_collaboration.htm
16. Schechtman, 131
17. Schechtman, 135-137
18. Schechtman, 46
19. Schechtman, 141
20. Schechtman, 141-42
21. Schechtman, 159-60
22. Schechtman, 153
23. Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia. Cited online on June 22, 2004 at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haj_Amin_Al-Husseini
24. Christian Action for Israel Web Site. "The Arab/Muslim Nazi Connection". Cited online on June 25, 2004 at http://www.cdn-friends-icej.ca/antiholo/arabnazi.html
25. Schechtman, 84-85
26. Christian Action for Israel Web Site. "The Arab/Muslim Nazi Connection". Cited online on June 25, 2004 at http://www.cdn-friends-icej.ca/antiholo/arabnazi.html
27. Sean Mac Mathuna, Flame Magazine, "Postwar Arab links to the ODESSA network". Cited online on June 24, 2004 at:
http://www.fantompowa.net/Flame/nazis_postwar_egypt.htm28. Sadat's letter, Al Musawwar, No. 1510, September 18,1953, cited in D.F. Green, ed., Arab Theologians on Jews and Israel (Geneva, 1976 ed.), p. 87. Cited on August 3, 2004 on the Eretz Yisroel Web site at: http://www.eretzyisroel.org/~jkatz/missed.html 28. Mitchell, 96-97
29. Mitchell, 25
30. Mitchell, 33

David Storobin, Esq., is a New York attorney who is currently writing a book titled "The Root Cause: The Rise of Fundamentalist Islam and its Threat to the World." He is also editor-in-chief of the Global Politician (www.GlobalPolitician.com), an online journal of politics, economics and world affairs.

This appeared on the Jewish Press website January 12, 2005. It is archived at
www.jewishpress.com

What An Unusual Friday!

Is there a mitzvah to eat the night before Yom Kippur? If it is merely in preparation for the fasting, it is questionable whether the night before is that helpful.
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