War

[HempKat]

BOOK: Webster Tarpley and Anton Chaitkin, "George Bush, The Un-authorized Biography".
note Chapter 2, "the Hitler Project".

Wall Street was caught loaning money to WW2 Germany in October 1942 - in the middle of the War.
Mr. Prescott Bush, father of one US president and grand-father of another, was managing the bank whose assets were seized.
Then, in the early 1950', Prescott Bush was elected to the US Senate for Connecticut.

How can a man who was caught loaning money to Mr. Hitler, during the middle of WW2, then get elected to the US Senate - especially if he contributed to the alleged Holocaust ?

This book is one of 3 that shatters the official story of WW2.

Chapter 2 – The Hitler Project « TARPLEY.net

tarpley.net

I'm guessing that your question is based on the presumption that Hitler was despised in the US as much at the beginning and early years of WWII as he was by the end of WWII. This however is not the case. This doesn't get covered much in how the history of WWII is typically taught since let's say the 60's. It may go back even further but I can't say for sure since I was not alive in the 50's and most of the people I knew who were are now gone from this world. From my generation on though WWII was taught mostly from a perspective that Hitler was always viewed as evil and no self respecting American would have anything to do with him. Yet sadly this is not really the case. There is a great deal of the early stages of WWII that get glossed over that had a great many in the US not as against Hitler as one might expect. Of course much of that was because they didn't realize yet that he had a very dim view of Americans that wasn't much better then how he viewed the Jews. He basically saw us as mongrel dogs that turned on our European masters and as such we needed to be put in our place. Since America was largely unaware of this or that Hitler planned all along to conquer and take over the US once he finished with Europe. There were many who were perfectly content with looking the other way just so long as we were allowed to remain out of the battle and yet still profiting mightily from the war like we were. In a way the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan was a blessing in disguise because if it weren't for that bringing us into WWII we might have sat here quietly looking the other way. Had we not gotten involved Hitler probably would have taken over Europe and then come after the US and we would have been ill prepared for that invasion.

So the answer to your question as to how Prescott Bush managed to be elected to political office is likely due to the fact that there were many in the US that were less hostile to Hitler then history classes would have people believe and so even though it was a scandal that a bank he was managing was caught loaning money to Germany in 1942, his role in that was likely not seen as being as damning as someone growing up in the 60's or later might expect. America was doing very well in the beginning of WWII thanks to the Lend-Lease Bill that then President Roosevelt signed into law. Not only were we making big money providing food, fuel and weaponry to the Allied nations it was also seen by many as a way of keeping the war out of the US. It did however also position us very well to enter WWII after Pearl Harbor since we were already mass producing the weaponry we would need which is how we were able to become such a dominant force so quickly. The Attack on Pearl Harbor though allowed us to get involved on our own terms though. It likely would not have gone as well for us had the event bringing us into WWII was an invasion by Germany with the military might Germany had control of at the time.

 

[Montuno]

On recommendation of Oliver Stone

Retired Swiss Military-Intelligence Officer: 'Is it Possible to Actually Know What Has Been And is Going on in Ukraine?' -- Sott.net

[...] Just recently I came across perhaps the clearest and most reasonable account of what has been going on in Ukraine. Its importance comes due to the fact that its author, Jacques Baud, a retired colonel in the Swiss intelligence service, was...

www.sott.net

The article contains several good points, but it also makes such absurd statements, which show that the analyst is mixing truths, half-truths, Russian lies and even lies invented by him (and surprisingly crude for his military experience), to fabricate his discourse. Some of the obvious ones even for a recruit:

In the north, the Chernobyl power plant was immediately occupied to prevent acts of sabotage. Of course, the images of Ukrainian and Russian soldiers guarding the plant together are not shown.
The idea that Russia is trying to take over Kiev, the capital, to eliminate Zelensky, typically comes from the West. But Vladimir Putin never intended to fire or overthrow Zelensky. Instead, Russia seeks to keep him in power by pushing him to negotiate by encircling Kiev.

The first paragraph is so absurdly false, that it raises the question whether the Swiss analyst and military man is at that moment thinking about what to spend the money for his article: from the very first moment the Western media highlighted the Russian-Ukrainian co-residence in the nuclear power plant, and this was seen as a sign of hope. Almost every news item about this broadcast in Spain showed and highlighted the presence of both armies. Honestly, I don't know how someone who spends so much "energy" in building his analysis, can make a claim to sustain it so childish, that even my 6 year old niece could refute just by reproducing the newscasts.
(Note: in fact, here at ICMAG, both other people and I have commented on the fact and linked news; tell the Swiss expert to stop watching only RT, and to stop by here: not to learn geopolitics, because his falsehoods they are on purpose and not mistakes, but at least he can learn from other cases where the fabrication of lies is more successful)

The other supine stupidity of this paragraph, not within the reach of a child but within the reach of a private, is the end:
The initial airborne assault by elite troops on Kiev, which ended in massacre for the Russians...I'm sure such an eminent military man would know what that assault was for: if he doesn't even mention it (its failure was key to derailing the original Russian strategy of taking over the Ukrainian government, killing Zelensky, and replacing him with a puppet), it can only be on purpose, to construct a false discourse (with truths, half-truths/lies, and lies).

Of course, the Russians had very cold and rational and surely planned this strategy of encircling Kiev (I already mentioned the failure of the initial airborne assault of the Russian elite troops), and we Westerners have no idea what the Russian strategist theme and its military doctrine is about, but we have no idea what it is about:
That is why the total withdrawal and displacement to the east of all the Russian forces that "only intended to encircle" kyiv, leaving human and material Russian casualties unseen from Afghanistan, is another step in this brilliant Russian strategy that our Swiss chicken wants to sell us as if we were fools, or we only had the information of the Russian propaganda. But the final blow is when the author (in this or/and in another related article of his) says that Putin is not going nor does he want to harm Ukrainian civilians... Well, publicly disclose the address of your home, the school of your children and/or grandchildren and the hospital assigned to you, in case one day someone wants to invade Switzerland, without harming the Swiss civilian population... In short, this Swiss military man is another shit-throwing flip flop, that if someone bombed his children or grandchildren, he would spend the rest of his life crying and denouncing war crimes.

And by the way, they are worse and much cruder than the "NatoNazis" who wanted to sell us as justicy the invasion and war crimes in Iraq

If I were Swiss, I'd be very worried....

Pd: although it also contains false flag attacks from the Poles, I miss the Jewish Conspiracy is this "great analysis", by the way...

 

[Montuno]

...

 

[Montuno]

...

 

[Petrochemical]

I mean I wasn't alive during World War 2 don't know what fascists look or act like I have a relative that went through it Lithuania and they told me it was neighbor turning on neighbor so I yeah I can't wrap my head around us new age folks to seem to have a wrap on 1925

 

[Montuno]

In fact, more than the USSR, this looks like the return of the Nazi 3 Reich:

(1)- Wagner Group, the far-right private forces at the service of the Kremlin:​

Weeks ago, the presence of the feared Wagner Group in Ukraine was reported. The alleged information, revealed by 'The Times' and later shared by other media outlets, announced that a total of 400 mercenaries had been sent to assassinate Volodimir Zelenski:​

Alleged Russian mercenaries guarding the town hall of Sloviansk, Ukraine, in April 2014. Wagner Group / Photo: EP
Weeks ago, the presence of the feared Wagner Group in Ukraine was reported. The alleged information, revealed by The Times and later shared by other media outlets, announced that a total of 400 mercenaries had been sent to assassinate Volodimir Zelensky .
Information that could not be confirmed visually but has been corroborated by Ukrainian sources.
Although, like everything that surrounds this group, any information moves in the most silent of secrets. For example, they do not use a specific uniform or specific credentials, beyond an identification number per soldier.
The little that is known about the Wagner Group has been built through intelligence reports, contributions from defense experts, leaks, journalists and some mistake by these mercenaries that, as a whole, has led to it being known as "the worst secret Putin's Save".
They present themselves as a private military company capable of using hybrid warfare methods and any tactic for their goals.
Even its internal formation is not clear: some speak of a company as such, while renowned experts, such as Amy Mackinnon , a researcher at Foreign Policy analysis , speak of "a shadowy network of operators" who hire different mercenaries and fighters to achieve their goals. objectives. This is not strange in this type of company that, although they are postulated as organizations that offer advice, protection or training services, take advantage of certain legal loopholes to end up operating as mercenaries , which is prohibited by international law.
What is known about this group is its more than proven closeness to the regime of Vladimir Putin . And it is where Russia has a geopolitical interest that the Wagner Group appears.
In addition to being a group capable of recruiting, training, and training members for specific missions, the Wagner Group is linked directly to the Russian military by intelligence services from multiple countries , either as a secret unit or as a group financed directly by the Kremlin. .
To all of the above, what is also known is its strong right- wing affiliation , with hundreds of members sympathetic to neo-fascist ideas. His very name, Wagner, comes from the composer Richard Wagner, Adolf Hitler's favorite and known, in addition to his work, for his sympathies with Nazism.
A story that will be built uprooted from secrecy and built with shreds of information.

The creators of the Wagner Group and their far-right inspiration​

According to the information to date, a germ of the group is present in Syria. Dimitri Utkin was there , a referential figure of the group and a recently retired former Russian colonel at the time. A combat lover, Utkin has participated in both wars in Chechnya.
There he fought alongside Bashar Al Assad 's army at the hands of the Slavonic Corps , a private security company based in Hong Kong.
After this, Utkin traveled to the Ukraine, where the appearance of the Wagner Group for the first time is reported. There he would form this allegedly private military force, which would camouflage itself as civilians and would fight for the self-proclaimed republics of Donetsk and Lugansk against the Ukrainian army in defense of their independence, which is known as the Donbass War.
It is said that Utkin's nickname is Wagner and that it was he, his virtual leader, who chose the name of the company. It was in the Ukraine that they began to be known as the Wagner Private Military Company (ChVK).
His far-right affinities are pretty clear: Utkin sports Nazi tattoos and is an avowed admirer of the Third Reich. It is said that in Ukraine he came to wear a Wehrmacht helmet, the unified military forces of Germany during the Hitler government. As the leader of the company, his ideas and his vision would clearly influence the organization and its members.

Jimmy
@JimmySecUK

This is Dmitry Utkin - callsign "Wagner" - the founder of the Kremlin's "Wagner Group" PMC. Yes; that is a Nazi Eagle tattooed on his chest, and those are Nazi SS 'Schutzstaffel' runes tattooed on his collarbones. Because unlike Jewish Zelensky, Utkin really *is* a neo-Nazi.

Josie Ensor

@Josiensor
You literally cannot make it up. Putin reportedly sending mercenaries from the Wagner Group - named after Hitler's favourite composer - to #Ukraine on a mission to kill its Jewish president and "deNazify" the country https://thetimes.co.uk/article/volodymyr-zelensky-russian-mercenaries-ordered-to-kill-ukraine-president-cvcksh79d…
11:47 a. m. · 28 feb. 2022

Other sources, on the other hand, point out that Utkin is just the figurehead of the company and that other people, such as Aleksandr Kuznetsov , are the real leaders. The reality, at the moment, is not exactly known precisely due to the secrecy that surrounds the Wagner Group.

Be that as it may, the focus seems to be on Utkin, who was also photographed with Putin in 2016 at a party in the Kremlin. Since then his appearances have been rare.

Along with Utkin, another referential figure is Yevgeny Prigozhin, a Russian oligarch known as "Putin's chef", who became rich thanks to his ties and his catering company after leaving prison.

Prigozhin has been one of the great financiers of the group and its activity. Since then, he has led an extensive catalog of disruptive activities that have landed him on the FBI's most wanted list.

(Continúe...)

 

[Montuno]

(2)- Wagner Group, the far-right private forces at the service of the Kremlin:​

Internal workings of the Wagner Group:​

The Wagner Group is reportedly headquartered in Mólkino , a city south of Krasnodar. There they share space with the 10th Special Forces Brigade of the Russian Central Intelligence Department (GRU).

Its composition is eclectic: although its strength is mainly Russian, it is also participated by Ukrainians and Serbs despite. The entire organization has been classified as Russian nationalist and widely owned by extreme right-wingers.

This conclusion is not derived solely from specific ideas, affiliation with the Russian government or tattoos. It appears that the Wagner Group's connection to white supremacist and neo-Nazi groups has also been documented.

The number of their forces is variable, as sometimes the Wagner Group deploys its own forces while at other times it hires and trains mercenaries.

This explains why some estimates put the size of the military company at around 6,000 members , while other estimates put it at much smaller, around 650 people. In any case, the exact number is very difficult to know at any given time.

Some hallmarks of the Wagner Group's work are mission versatility and brutality . Videos circulating in Russia show members of the Wagner Group torturing their victims for hours before beheading them.

The brutality is not only external: life expectancy is not the strong point of the Wagner Group mercenaries. In Syria alone, it is estimated that some 250 Russian mercenaries died and some 400 in the various conflicts in Ukraine.

Only their great recruiting ability explains how the group continues unscathed in their performances. A recruitment capacity that is due not only to a set of codes and values or to some type of recruitment campaign, but also to a generous salary that, according to data , is approximately 3,000 euros per month (between 200,000 and 300,000 rubles).

Taking into account that the minimum wage in Russia is 161 euros and the average salary is 449.97 euros (according to 2021 data), this economic compensation is very attractive for young Russians who want to prosper and serve the country, even going beyond the army itself.

In fact, the salary of a private in the Russian armed forces is about 30,000 rubles, which translates to about 320 euros. For a soldier deployed abroad (for example, those fighting in the invasion of Ukraine) it is usually double, about 60,000 rubles. In other words, it is still very far from the average salary of a Wagner Group soldier.

An amount that makes there is a waiting list to join the Wagner Group despite the brutality and the risk of dying abroad in the most absolute anonymity.

In the service of the Kremlin: the missions of the Wagner Group:​

Although the Wagner Group tries to appear as a private company, with the capacity to be contracted by any government that wants its services in the war field, its link with the Kremlin seems more than evident, either because of its financing by Russia or because it is directly a secret unit.

And it is that this legal form grants many advantages , such as, for example, being able to send troops to an area without officially going to war. A strategy that Putin has used to reinforce his allies and try to redraw the maps.

As has already been mentioned, apparently one of the Wagner Group's first missions would have been in the Ukraine, in the Dombass region.

There the Donetsk and Lugansk regions became the independent Donetsk and Lugansk Republics, respectively, following the Euromaidan soft coup d'état , which deposed Victor Yanukovych in 2014.

These regions received constant bombardment from the Ukrainian forces and some of their neo-Nazi militias, such as the Azov Battalion . So it's technically one of the first missions of the group.

Russian mercenaries in the Central African Republic. Author: Clément Di Roma/VOA, 02/16/2022. Source: Woanews

Later, in the fall of 2015, these forces would move to Syria to support the regime of Bashar al Assad , an ally of Putin in the region and in danger of falling to the interference of Western powers. It was really in this conflict that the forces of the Wagner Group became famous, since in the Donbass war they had hardly been constituted and the conflict itself was not very popular beyond its own borders.

In Syria they have played a large role, deploying up to 2,500 mercenaries according to statements by former members of the same group.

It was there, too, that they suffered the blow that would bring them into the sight of the international community. On February 7, 2018 , the International Coalition Against Islamic State (US, Europe and other Western powers) bombed near the oil field in the Syrian city of Diez ez-Zor . As the fire lifted, Coalition forces found hundreds of bodies of mercenaries with Russian passports. Of course, Russia denied any relationship.

In addition to there, the Wagner Group has been deployed in other areas with Russian geopolitical interests . Thus they have taken part in the internal conflict in Sudan , the 2nd Central African Civil War , in Libya supporting General Jalifa Haftar or in Venezuela, sent to escort Nicolás Maduro after the worsening of the crisis in the country, as reported by Reuters.

A schedule of international appearances that coincides with Moscow's attempts to remain a decisive force in the international arena , supporting its allies, increasing its influence and combating its geopolitical rivals around the world.

(Continúe...)

 

[Montuno]

(...and 3)- Wagner Group, the far-right private forces at the service of the Kremlin:​

His role in Ukraine: on the hunt for Zelensky:​

Information about the Wagner Group in Ukraine is meager, but confirmed by different sources, mainly American and Ukrainian.

The appearance of the Wagner Group in the Ukraine was announced by The Times , fixing the appearance of 400 mercenaries sent to assassinate 23 Ukrainian personalities . The most valued dam would be the President of Ukraine, Volodimir Zelenski.

Other sources allude to the fact that the Wagner Group has been deployed in Ukraine since December , obtaining advance information from the Putin government, although without fully clarifying whether it would have specific objectives or simply serve as military and logistical support for the Russian armed forces.

Ukrainian soldiers with Azov Battalion patches. Author: Lynsey Addario, New York Times, 03/14/2022. Source: Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0).

Undoubtedly, the presence of the Wagner Group at this point is possibly beyond doubt after Russia's attempts to increase its troops in the country , bringing Russian recruits from the farthest reaches of the country and mercenaries of different nationalities , as has happened with the Chechen troops.

Mihail Poldoyak , head of the office of the Ukrainian president, has warned of various assassination attempts on Zelensky. At least two attributes them directly to the activity of the Wagner Group, information that, for the time being, has not been able to be corroborated.

All the assassination attempts have been prevented in theory thanks to the action of the Ukrainian intelligence and counterintelligence forces . Western intelligence also confirms at least three assassination attempts on Zelensky, although without pointing out any specific culprits.

A dangerous, ultra-nationalist force and an impactful geopolitical tool:​

Undoubtedly, the Wagner Group has become one of the weapons of the hybrid war that Russia has until now kept secret against the West. A force financed by Russia but that did not obey any of the laws of war, international treaties or responsibilities (one of the main reasons why a government hires these military companies, which has been denounced by multiple non-profit organizations ).

This reason led to the Wagner Group being sanctioned by the European Union , but this does not seem to have affected them too much.

Undoubtedly, this company has served to support Putin's allies without going to war with other countries, assuring dictators, soldiers and politicians as long as they are close to the Kremlin.

All this has made this unit one of the largest and most recognized private military forces in the world.

On the other hand, it is true that this has its limits. The latest operations of the Wagner Group in Africa and the Middle East, in fact, have not gone as smoothly as might be expected. Mercenaries have fought, supported or even trained other less prepared armies. And despite some victories, the final balance is bittersweet.

It seems that this reason is what has led Putin to rethink his strategy of influence in Africa. And it is normal, because despite his training and financing, the limitations of the scope of a small group of mercenaries seem obvious.

Also notable is how quick and willing far-right groups are to become permanent military forces. This undoubtedly connects with the love of violence , the glory of the national objective , the messianic vision of the chosen peoples and military values , so close in their imaginary with the idea of the ideal man.

A narrative that finds its point of union in the Ukraine with neo-Nazi groups born there, converted into the military there and now at odds.

Undoubtedly it would be difficult for Adolf Hitler to think that his worshipers would kill each other waving swastikas , explaining this in the opposing ultranationalism that drives them to face each other despite their ideological affinity.

Be that as it may, Ukraine has proven to be a catalyst for the birth of armed neo-Nazi forces . And possibly, whatever happens, it will continue to be a polarizing element in the future.

Grupo Wagner, las fuerzas ultraderechistas del Kremlin

Hace semanas se notificó la presencia del temido Grupo Wagner en Ucrania con un total de 400 mercenarios habían sido enviados para asesinar a Volodimir Zelenski

www.ecoavant.com

 

[Montuno]

I mean I wasn't alive during World War 2 don't know what fascists look or act like I have a relative that went through it Lithuania and they told me it was neighbor turning on neighbor so I yeah I can't wrap my head around us new age folks to seem to have a wrap on 1925

In Spain, it lasted until 1978.

But somebody (Trump, too) wants more...
...All de biches in da jause,
wanna fuck with Lil' Frank...

In any case, D.Trump in the USA could be a good approximation.

 

[Montuno]

That if: the attempts to recover by force the power lost in the polls of the Francoists, was much scarier than that of the trumpists:

VS

Spain, 1981:
Attempted coup d'état assaulting the seat of popular sovereignty, the Congress of Deputies in Madrid, live before the cameras of Radio Televisión Española:


.
Complete, by RTVE:

.
Trailer of a Spanish documovie:

.


This (apart from the threat of the Moroccan regime and the desire to move closer to Western Europe) was one of the reasons why the next socialist president decided to make a radical change in his non-alignment policy, and to request (after a popular referendum) NATO membership.

 

[Petrochemical]

I must be living in a closet

 

[Montuno]

I must be living in a closet

Heh, paraphrasing the tags of the movie "Land As You Can", we could make a meme with : "I picked a bad day to come out of the closet".....

It's funny how people's History repeats itself over and over again, thanks to their ignorance and manipulation:
Back in the thread two members give excellent descriptions of fascism, in which Trump fits : "Exploiting the feeling of national decadence, Sheathing in populist patriotism, singling out one group as the true essence of the nation and the others as enemies, Encouraging to the point of exacerbating confrontations between the two groups, Squeezing democracy to the point of illegality to stay in power".... Then come the attempts to regain power by force.
We have also seen in this thread that just as it was the Government of the Spanish Republic who set Guernica on fire to accuse the German Nazis and Italian Fascists of criminal bombing ( as did years latter the Jews, gypsies, homosexuals or Spanish Republicans, when they committed mass suicide even with their children, locking themselves in the poisonous gas chambers where their Nazi hosts stripped their thick winter clothes ) right now the Ukrainians are bombing their own civilian population in order to tarnish the unsullied humanist and democratic reputation of St. Putin Savior of Humanity.
Or how the false flag attacks of the lost Poles on the Holy and Holy Third Raich, have been repeated again against the Russians in this Special Operation against Ukraine (according to our "Aztec quack" friend, and his retired Swiss military advisor).
...And then they say that 1984 was 38 years ago...

Por Qué '1984', la Distopía de Orwell, Ya Está Aquí: Guerra, Mentiras y Tres Superpotencias (USA, Russia, China):​

En la Ucrania de 2022, las víctimas y el mundo escuchan la doblez de los mensajes de Putin. La guerra es la paz; la desinformación es la fuerza... Las ventas de '1984', el libro premonitorio de George Orwell, se han disparado.​

A
mediados de 1937, el escritor y periodista británico George Orwell volvió de la guerra de España, a la que había acudido como voluntario no para escribir sino para combatir, con una herida de bala en la garganta y una convicción en su cabeza: Europa se encaminaba a toda velocidad hacia dos monstruos totalitarios, el fascismo y el estalinismo.

"Los peligros que creíamos que creíamos a una generación de distancia –escribió- nos miran ahora cara a cara".

Cuando vemos derrumbarse un edificio de 12 plantas en Kiev, sentimos que ese hecho es distópico porque jamás querríamos estar dentro mientras Putin nos lanza un misil hipersónico; pero para Putin no lo es puesto que le ayuda en sus oscuros fines de conquistar Europa. ¿Estamos entrando en un periodo distópico, en la distopía, con esta sucesión de acontecimientos que estamos viviendo?


Why '1984', Orwell's Dystopia, Is Already Here: War, Lies and Three Superpowers (USA, Russia, China):

In the Ukraine of 2022, the victims and the world listen to Putin's doublespeak. War is peace; disinformation is strength....

Sales of '1984', George Orwell's prescient book, have skyrocketed:

In
mid-1937, British writer and journalist George Orwell returned from the war in Spain, where he had volunteered not to write but to fight, with a bullet wound in his throat and a conviction in his head: Europe was speeding toward two totalitarian monsters, fascism and Stalinism.

"The dangers we thought we believed a generation away," he wrote, "are now staring us in the face.

When we see a 12-story building collapse in Kiev, we feel that this event is dystopian because we would never want to be inside while Putin launches a hypersonic missile at us; but for Putin it is not since it helps him in his dark ends of conquering Europe. Are we entering a dystopian period, dystopia, with this succession of events we are living through?

(More):

Por Qué '1984', la Distopía de Orwell, Ya Está Aquí: Guerra, Mentiras y Tres Superpotencias

En la Ucrania de 2022, las víctimas y el mundo escuchan la doblez de los mensajes de Putin. La guerra es la paz; la desinformación es la fuerza... Las ventas de '1984', el libro premonitorio de George Orwell, se han disparado.

www.elespanol.com

 

[Petrochemical]

 

[Montuno]

Friend: Curiously, the village where I live belonged to the defeated side: the Emirate of Badajoz (or Taifa Kingdom of Spanish-Muslim of Badajoz). But it was a territory also disputed by 2 other Hispano-Muslim Emirates or Taifa Kingdoms of Córdoba and Toledo, and at the time of the taking of Lisbon, I think my hill belonged to one of the last 2:

English Wikipedia:

Taifa of Badajoz:​

The Taifa of Badajoz (from Arabic: طائفة بطليوس) was a medieval Islamic Moorish kingdom located in what is now parts of Portugal and Spain. It was centred on the city of Badajoz which exists today as the first city of Extremadura, in Spain.[1]

Taifa of Badajoz طائفة بطليوس (Arabic)
1009–1150
Taifa Kingdom of Badajoz, c. 1037.
Capital	Batalyaws, currently in the Province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain
Common languages	Andalusi Arabic, Mozarabic, Ladino[citation needed]
Religion	Islam, Roman Catholicism, Judaism
Government	Monarchy
Historical era	Middle Ages
• Downfall of Caliphate of Córdoba	1009
• To the Almoravids	1094–1144
• Conquered by the Almohads	1150
Currency	Dirham and Dinar
Preceded by Succeeded by Caliphate of Córdoba Almoravid dynasty Almohad dynasty
Today part of	Portugal Spain

​

HistoryEdit​

The taifa of Badajoz rose, like the other taifa kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula, after the fragmentation of al-Andalus (the Caliphate of Cordoba) in the late 10th and early 11th centuries. It was created by Sabur, a former slave of perhaps Slavic origin. The taifa's control extended over most of ancient Lusitania, including Mérida and Lisbon. Sabur was succeeded in 1022 by his vizier, Abdallah ibn al-Aftas, who founded the Aftasid dynasty. Sabur's sons fled to Lisbon, where they created the short-lived taifa of Lisbon, which was soon reconquered by Badajoz. In 1055 Badajoz became a tributary of the Kingdom of León-Castile, losing significant parts of its territory south of the Mondego river (south of Coimbra). The Abbadids of Seville also conquered parts of their territory.
After the death of Abdallah's son, Abu Bakr, a civil war broke out between the latter's sons, Yahya and Abu, the former being victorious. His troops fought alongside the Almoravid dynasty against the Christian army in the Battle of Sagrajas (1086), which occurred not far from Badajoz. However, after the Almoravid victory, Yahya, who feared their increasing power, allied with Alfonso VI of Castile. In 1094 the Almoravids occupied Badajoz and Yahya was killed together with two of his sons. A surviving son fled first to Montánchez and then to Alfonso's court.
After the taifa's original territory had been controlled by various kingdoms (Almoravids, Almohads, Portugal) in succession, a second independent taifa was briefly recreated in Badajoz, existing from 1144 to 1150, when it fell again under Almohad dominion.

​

Emirs of BadajozEdit​

1st Taifa period (11th century)Edit​

Banu Sabur (Saqlabi)

• Sabur al-Saqlabi 1009-1022
• Abu Muhammad Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Sabur al-Saqlabi 1013–1022
• 'Abd al-Aziz ibn Sabur al-Saqlabi 1022
• 'Abd al-Malik ibn Sabur al-Saqlabi 1022 (in Lishbuna)

Banu Aftas (Aftasids)

• Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn Maslamah ibn al-Aftas 1022–1044 (Al-Mansur I)
• Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abdallah al-Aftas 1045–1066 (Modafar I)
• Yahya ibn Abu Bakr Muhammad al-Aftas 1067-1073/1079 (Al-Mansur II)
• Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr Muhammad al-Aftas 1079-1093
• Fadl ibn Muhammad al-Aftas 1080-1093 (in Alqantara)
• Abbas ibn Muhammad al-Aftas 1080-1093 (in Qasr 'Abi Dans)
• Umar ibn Muhamad al-Aftas 1081-1093 (in Martila)
• To Almoravids 1094

2nd Taifa period (12th century)Edit​

Banu Wazir

• Siddray ibn Wazir al-Wazir 1142-1145

Banu Hayy

• Hakam ibn Muhammad al-Hayy 1116-1143 (in Alqantara)
• Muhammad ibn Hakam al-Hayy 1146-1149
• To Almohads 1150

Taifa of Badajoz - Wikipedia

en.m.wikipedia.org

More extensively, on Wikipedia in Spanish:

Taifa de Badajoz - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

es.m.wikipedia.org

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[Montuno]

Here, the main character, was born right in the valley that I have to the south of mine :

Abu Hafs Umar al-Balluti​

Born in Pedroche's Valley - Córdoba.
War name of the Andalusian leader Umar ibn Suayb (9th century). Expelled from al-Andalus by the emir Al-Hakam I in retaliation for his participation in the revolt of the suburb of Córdoba (818). At the head of several thousand slum dwellers, he headed for Egypt, where he took Alexandria. Defeated by the Abbasid governor, he had to leave Egypt. In 827 he seized Crete from the Byzantines and founded an independent emirate that lasted until 961, when Nicephorus Phocas overthrew the last emir of the Andalusian dynasty.

HUMANITIES

The Cordovans who conquered Crete​

Carmen Baker Delgado
04/05/2019

The Cretan-Andalusian emirate had its origin in Córdoba in the month of Ramadan in 202 of the Hegira (March 818 AD).​

At that time, the capital of al-Andalus was in upheaval, especially the suburb of Sequnda or Mediodía, located on the left bank of the river and so called because it was within two miles to the south, measured from the medina.​

This was a very populous neighborhood that had grown considerably over the last few decades with the arrival in the capital of emigrants from surrounding towns, counties and fields; Muslim and Christian people of very diverse origins settled there, coming to congregate a very heterogeneous population, both in trades and in origin and condition. It was mainly inhabited by artisans and merchants, but —due to the proximity of the Aljama Mosque and the Umayyad Alcázar— its inhabitants were also counted among its inhabitants many religious, alfaquíes, and theology students, as well as numerous civil servants of the Administration.

At that time Córdoba lived very convulsive days. Conspiracies had been hatching in the suburb since the arbitrary imposition of the last taxes, which were illegal as they were not authorized by the Koran. Emir Al-Haqem I wasted what he obtained with those unjust and abusive contributions in equipping himself with the most effective resources to oppress the population: he maintained a personal guard of 5,000 foreigners, who harassed and harassed the people of Cordoba, he fortified the gates of the wall and it shortened its opening hours, turning the capital into an impassable prison and its inhabitants into captives.

The population had reached the peak of what was bearable, and the spirits, their maximum exaltation; disturbances and riots followed one another and the situation seemed about to burst.

The spark that lit the fuse originated on Ramadan 13, 202 (March 818 AD) [1] , when a mamluk of the Royal Guard pierced a master armorer from the aforementioned suburb with his sword because he did not consent to repair his weapon. immediate.

When word of this new outrage spread, Sequnda broke out into a violent riot, just as Al-Haqem I and his retinue were crossing the suburb on their way back from a hunt in Cambania (Countryside). The emir crossed the neighborhood and the old Roman bridge between insults, boos and stones. The sovereign's response was not long in coming, and he ordered the crucifixion of those imprisoned in the latest uprising against taxes and a group of instigators.

The people reacted by taking up arms against the arbitrary emir; and the bridge and the intersections that led to the medina poured countless crowds like pipes. As a latent insubordination had been breathing for years, the long-stifled rebellion overflowed. The plebs overwhelmed those who tried to stop their uncontrolled advance and annihilated the guards who, led by the Hispanic-Gothic count Rabĩ, armed wing of the emir al-Haqem, tried to protect the Alcázar.

But the emir also ordered the regular army, quartered outside the walls for a few days, to enter Sequnda and help Rabĩ's men in the slaughter of that indomitable mob that he despised so much. Three days the fires, the killing and the looting lasted. Two thousand citizens died in the skirmishes, part of them dragged by the waters of the Wãdi al-Qabir (the Rio Grande), and three hundred leaders were crucified on the bridge, on the Suhbullãr and Tablajeros reefs, the crosses reaching the first oil mills Finally, al-Haqem suspended the executions in exchange for the banishment of the survivors, and decreed "that the suburb be demolished, its site leveled, its land plowed and planted, without anyone daring to rebuild it in years and centuries to come.". Some 22,000 families, including Muslims and Christians, went into exile across the strait; there were more than 130,000 people, because if the sources agree on something, it is that in al-Andalus in the 9th century the average number of members per family was six people. Seven thousand of those families took refuge in Fez, founding the Andaluces suburb there, while the remaining 15,000 began a very painful exodus, lost in the Rif mountain range, sometimes protected by Berbers, others, facing them, fording rivers in al-Maghreb, suffering the rigors of winters and summers, crossing deserts, fighting Bedouins or being decimated by epidemics. The path was left behind, dotted with tombs (" The Andalusian Founders of the Emirate of Crete ").

However, fortune provided them with a leader who changed their destiny, one of the exiles, Abũ Hafs al-Ballutĩ , so called because he was a native of Fahs al-Ballũt or Campo de las Bellotas (Valle de los Pedroches, Córdoba). Al-Ballutĩ was born in the town of Pedroche (Betrawj in Arabic), where no one would suspect that this local was destined to carry out great deeds: he managed to keep the outlaws of the suburb united for more than four years of nomadic life, he explored the islands of the Aegean, guided them when they were aimless to the sheltered port, created with them a powerful army that conquered Alexandria, where he proclaimed an independent republic, being unanimously elected president by both the Andalusians and the Alexandrians.

Later, the Cordovans were expelled from Egypt by the Abbasids in the year 827 AD. C., they conquered Crete and other islands of the Aegean, where they established a tributary emirate of Baghdad; there the exiles recreated their longed-for Cordovan suburb and their customs, preserving their identity as a people. Abũ Hafs, elected as the first emir, started a dynasty that reigned in Crete for a century and a half, created a fleet (considered the "Pillar of the State") that took control of the eastern Mediterranean, defeating Byzantium in numerous and crucial naval battles.

They were not pirates, as the contemporary Byzantine sources of the facts stubbornly and distortedly affirmed. On the contrary, he and his successors brought the conquered islands out of the procrastination in which the civil and religious wars of Byzantium had plunged them, regenerated the battered economy of Crete, which was in regression and had even lost its monetary use due to negligence. Empire; the Andalusians minted their own currency, promoted a flourishing internal and external trade, opened Crete to the world and settled the religious conflicts between iconoclasts and iconodules that plagued Byzantium in those years. (one)

The numismatic researcher Georges Carpenter Miles offers us the genealogical succession of the Cretan emirs of Cordovan origin, based on the coins that have been found. The throne was passed from father to son for many generations, all of them in the direct line of descendants of Abũ Hafs, the first emir, all belonging to the lineage of the suburb.

---

1) – Skyllitzes Matritensis (Byzantine codex of the 11th century), «De Ceremoniis Aulae Byzantinae» by Constantinos Porfirogéneta, Nuwayri, al-Maqqarí, « Chronicle» by Abu-l-Fath.- Levi-Provençal, Reinhart Dozy, Vassilios Christides , Christos Makrypoulias, Nikolaos Panagiotakis, " The Andalusian founders of the Emirate of Crete " (essay by Carmen Panadero).

[1] – Events of which 2018 marks the 1,200th anniversary.

Los cordobeses que conquistaron Creta » Las nueve musas

El emirato cretenseandalusí tuvo su origen en Córdoba en el mes de Ramadán de 202 de la Hégira (marzo de 818 d.C.). Por entonces la capital de al-Ándalus andaba revuelta, en especial el arrabal de Sequnda o de Mediodía, situado en la orilla izquierda del río y llamado así por hallarse...

www.lasnuevemusas.com

 

[Montuno]

Some nuances to tab excellent videos:

Regarding the previous one (the first trip around the world started by Magellan and finished by ElCano), I believe that the ship that ElCano sold was his and not the Empire's, but since it was an artillery ship, it was forbidden to sell it to anyone outside the Spanish Empire (?)

About the latter: he describes and names well the different powers and peoples that dominated Lisbon, but when he comes to the Muslim conquest, he only speaks of "Moors". The Moors are not exactly the same as the Muslims, or the Arabs, to begin with.

And the conquest of the Hispanic-Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo (which included the entire current Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic Islands and Southwest France, and Ceuta) was carried out specifically by the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus. When the Abbassids killed all the Umayyads to create their new Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad, the only survivor took refuge in the distant region of al-Andalus; region that rose up, and became independent as the Umayyad Emirate of Cordoba (or al-Andalus, or Hispanomusulman); Centuries later, religious independence would come with the proclamation of a new Caliphate, and with the call from the Mosque of Córdoba to all Muslims in the world to recognize it as the highest religious authority of Islam.

(Joking )Ahhh... These damn Crusaders... won't get through!! ¡¡ No pasarán !!. We will resurrect Almanzor if necessary and we will take the bells of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela back with us!!! Follow the banner of Montuno the Ever-Victorious for Allah's Glory Except When He Loses, and we'll drive those barbarian crusaders back to Potiers...

 

[Montuno]

Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula​

The Muslim conquest of Hispania 1 or the initial Muslim stage of the Iberian Peninsula 2 is known as the complex political and military process that throughout the beginning of the 8th century explains the formation and consolidation of al-Andalus , as well as the genesis of the main peninsular medieval Christian kingdoms.
The conquest of the Visigothic kingdom by Muslim leaders of the Umayyad Caliphate was a long process, which lasted fifteen years, from 711 to 726 , in which the Iberian Peninsula and part of the south of present-day France were taken ; although what was the peninsular territory of the kingdom was already conquered in 720 , after ten years of the beginning of the conquest. A little before finishing the conquest of the Visigothic kingdom in its northeastern part, the conquerors were driven from the coast and mountains of present-day Asturias . Although the process as a whole took all that time, the chronology it is not exact in terms of years and dates, but only approximate, since the sources differ from each other.

Context​

One final precision, prior to the account of the events, is that the Visigothic kingdom only covered the peninsular territory and Septimania in the south of France . The Balearic Islands were under Byzantine sovereignty and were excluded from the Muslim process of conquest. They remained under Byzantine control for a few more years, then came to depend, at least nominally, on the Frankish kingdom ( 798 ), at their own request, for defense against Muslim attacks. These attacks continued and there were several peace treaties, little respected, and a certain political submission, until the conquest by the Emirate of Córdoba between the years 902 ( Ibiza and Majorca ) and 903 ( Minorca ).

A review of the history of the first Muslim conquests makes us see that only the conquest of the current Maghreb was more expensive (thirty years), since in other points the action of the Muslim conquerors was faster than in the peninsula: six years to dominate the entire Arabian Peninsula ( 628 to 634 ); four years Syria ( 634 to 638 ); five years Egypt ( 638 to 643 ); one year Tripolitania and Cyrenaica , Libya ( 644 ); six Mesopotamia ( 636 to 642 ) and eight years Persia ( 642 to 650 ).

Throughout this process of conquest of the Visigoth kingdom, which required numerous campaigns, constant military reinforcements and pacts with resistant nuclei, it was due to several reasons: the small number of Muslim forces that conquered it, the constant uprisings among the Visigoths , the difficult orography of the territory and the strong base of social settlement of the previous Visigothic kingdom.

However, the great political centralization of the kingdom, the insecurity caused by gangs of fugitive slaves, the impoverishment of the royal treasury (especially during the reign of Witiza ) and the king's loss of power against the nobles were elements that facilitated the action. of the conquerors, as well as the use of the dense network of Roman roads, which still existed and facilitated the movement of their army.

But perhaps the most important factor for the Visigothic fall was the serious demographic crisis of the kingdom, which in the last twenty-five years had lost more than a third of its population. This was due to the epidemics of plague and the years of drought and famine at the end of the 7th century , especially during the reign of Ervig , and which were also repeated with great severity under the reign of Witiza , the predecessor of Rodrigo .

In addition, there was an important political fracture between two great Gothic family-political clans in their struggle for the throne, and which had been politically dividing the kingdom for several decades and generating constant problems. On one side was the clan of Wamba – Égica , to which Witiza belonged or was linked, and on the other, the clan of Chindasvinto – Recesvinto , to which Rodrigo belonged. This situation divided the aristocratic-military establishment into two increasingly irreconcilable factions, to the point of considering the Witizans in some historiography as instigators and even explicit or opportunistic allies of the Muslims.

The Muslim conquerors also had the support of part of the Jewish population, very numerous in Baetica , in Narbonne Gaul and throughout the Mediterranean basin. It was present mainly in urban centers, highlighting, among others, the communities of Narbonne , Tarragona , Sagunto , Elche , Lucena , Elvira , Córdoba , Mérida , Zaragoza , Seville , Málaga and the capital, Toledo .

But in addition to the ethnically pure Jews of the diaspora, in North Africa there were Berbers who professed Judaism by proselytizing and miscegenation, many of whom supported the Muslims in their conquest and joined them (like many Christian Berbers). by customer ties. Truth or pretext, this accusation of treason was used against them.

Finally, the internal dynastic divisions among the Visigoth nobles over the Witiza succession further facilitated the development of the conquest.

(More):

Conquista musulmana de la península ibérica – News Europa

Web de noticias en general, locales, regionales, nacionales, internacionales, Juventud, Deportes, Política, Ciencia, Cultura, Arte, Atletismo, Municipios de Murcia, Actualidad, Sociedad, Sucesos, Autonomías, Región de Murcia, Tecnología, Ocio, Turismo y Criminología

newseuropa.es

 

[Montuno]

In the invasion of Ukraine, if human children are treated like meat to chop, what should surprise us least is the fate of pets... But there is something of universal intuition in both Picasso and Goya, when they used their pain as a symbol of the murder of innocence, including the human...

 

[Montuno]

But let's go back to the Middle Ages, when wars were much less savage:

When East and West merged:

( Spectacular video, un English, by Bettany Hughes... Enjoy!!):

 

[Petrochemical]

Nothing wrong with giving a cannabis website a good history lesson