Scientist Walt, Scientist.great questions Unca….you are entering into the Realm of the World of Psychedelia….
closely linked to one’s pineal gland and a tool in the decalcifying of the pineal gland
What is a Psychedelic Drug?
The term psychedelic was created by English psychologist and researcher Humphry Osmond. He derived it from the Greek words for mind or soul (psyche) and show (deloun) to describe the effect LSD had on the mind. Osmond first used the word in a presentation he gave at the New York Academy of Sciences in 1957.1
Basically, there are two ways to figure out if a drug is psychedelic. The first is based on its receptor binding. The second is to compare the effects of the drug to what are considered psychedelic effects. If a compound passes the test for either or both, then it is psychedelic.
In terms of receptors, scientists classify a drug as psychedelic if it binds to serotonin 5-HT2A receptors (5-HT2AR) as an agonist or partial agonist2–4 (these are typically tryptamine compounds which are chemically similar to serotonin). The hallucinogenic effects of agonist binding are mediated via the 5-HT2AR receptor-coupled signaling pathway.2,3 This pathway is not entirely understood, but researchers theorize that it involves activation of the enzyme phospholipase C leading to the formation of inositol phosphates and diglycerol (signaling molecules) which causes the release of calcium ions from the endoplasmic reticulum in the cell. The possibility also exists that other serotonin receptors may be involved in the overall psychedelic experience of a user.
Interestingly, the effects of psychedelic drugs are highly variable and may not be dose-dependent.4 With LSD, for example, low doses (about <100 µg) may cause some distortion of cognitive and sensory processes with the person remaining aware that the drug is causing the effects. Higher doses may “…transport the user to an alternate reality, where they lose contact with their everyday environment.” These are the transcendent or mystical experiences that represent states of consciousness that are profoundly altered from reality.
From a medical standpoint, it is now understood by researchers that having a mystical experience results in a dramatic improvement for patients using psychedelic-assisted therapy.5–8 However, the mystical phenomenon can occur when using almost any dose of a psychedelic as long as the set and setting have been optimized to promote an altered state of consciousness.4
THC and other compounds in cannabis that have been tested elicit their effects by binding as agonists or partial agonists on the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. Like the serotonin receptors, cannabinoid receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family.
When it comes to 5-HT2AR, current research indicates THC binding may have a role in the development of schizophrenia in young adults with long-term cannabis use.9 This study found that in young mice, long-term exposure to THC “…induced a pro-hallucinogenic molecular conformation of the 5-HT2AR.” The researchers also observed “…exacerbated schizophrenia-like responses…” in the mice. These observations of the modification of 5-HT2AR by THC is not only a ground-breaking finding but it also adds to the evidence of cannabis being a psychedelic drug based on receptor binding.