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Have you looked at the North Pole lately?

MedFaced

Active member
[URL=https://www.icmag.com/ic/picture.php?albumid=79344&pictureid=2010659&thumb=1]View Image[/url] [URL=https://www.icmag.com/ic/picture.php?albumid=79344&pictureid=2010660&thumb=1]View Image[/url] [URL=https://www.icmag.com/ic/picture.php?albumid=79344&pictureid=2010661&thumb=1]View Image[/url]

How did they know what the "global" temperature record from 141 years ago was, to know whether it is hotter or colder now ?, not many weather stations around the globe 141 years ago, it sounds like bullshit

The thermometer was invented in the 1700’s and the west has had/been building weather stations positioned in various locations since the 1800’s.
 

kickarse

Active member
The thermometer was invented in the 1700’s and the west has had/been building weather stations positioned in various locations since the 1800’s.

Those maps above your post show where the weather stations are and how many, from 1861 till 1950, there was no global coverage,
so how would they know what the fuck the temp was for the globe 141 years ago, did they guess ? the globe is a lot bigger than just the USA, England and parts of Europe
 

igrowone

Well-known member
Veteran
proxy temperature data is where much of the temperature record comes from
tree rings, fossil pollen, etc.
this has been discussed previously
but when you're convinced it's all lies why bother?
 

kickarse

Active member
So its all a guess then, no accuracy at all
Were the tree rings from all over the globe? how accurate are they ?

We had one of the coldest December and February on record in southern Australia, January wasn't that flash either, but apparently it was 2nd hottest on record

Its a waste of time using facts on you believers, you just blindly follow the what you are told, there is no accuracy in any of it, its been 40 years of "global warming" and its getting colder, no one here believes the bullshit anymore, except the brain washed school kids, even they are starting to question it

Time will tell, it probably already has already has hey, how is that "ice free" north pole going ?

When is all the ice going to be gone ?????
 

trichrider

Kiss My Ring
Veteran
46 STATEMENTS By IPCC Experts Against The IPCC

Posted: March 7, 2020 | Author: Jamie Spry | Filed under: Climate Change, Climatism, IPCC, ORIGINS OF THE GLOBAL WARMING SCAM, Sceptics, UN, UNEP, WHO | Tags: Climate Change, Climate Crisis, Climate Emergency, Climatism, Global Warming, Greta Thunberg, IPCC, UN, UNEP, UNFCCC, WHO |13 Comments
ic
U.N. IPCC (logo)

We’ve got to ride this global warming issue.
Even if the theory of global warming is wrong,
we will be doing the right thing in terms of
economic and environmental policy.

Timothy Wirth
Fmr President of the UN Foundation
***​
THANKFULLY we usually always get to hear the inconvenient and raw truth about taxpayer funded, unelected, bloated government bureaucracies when members eventually leave and are not subject to bullying and financial repercussions. Definitely no exception here…
46 enlightening statements by IPCC experts against the IPCC:


  1. Dr Robert Balling: The IPCC notes that “No significant acceleration in the rate of sea level rise during the 20th century has been detected.” This did not appear in the IPCC Summary for Policymakers.
  2. Dr Lucka Bogataj: “Rising levels of airborne carbon dioxide don’t cause global temperatures to rise…. temperature changed first and some 700 years later a change in aerial content of carbon dioxide followed.”
  3. Dr John Christy: “Little known to the public is the fact that most of the scientists involved with the IPCC do not agree that global warming is occurring. Its findings have been consistently misrepresented and/or politicized with each succeeding report.”
  4. Dr Rosa Compagnucci: “Humans have only contributed a few tenths of a degree to warming on Earth. Solar activity is a key driver of climate.”
  5. Dr Richard Courtney: “The empirical evidence strongly indicates that the anthropogenic global warming hypothesis is wrong.”
  6. Dr Judith Curry: “I’m not going to just spout off and endorse the IPCC because I don’t have confidence in the process.”
  7. Dr Robert Davis: “Global temperatures have not been changing as state of the art climate models predicted they would. Not a single mention of satellite temperature observations appears in the IPCC Summary for Policymakers.”
  8. Dr Willem de Lange: “In 1996 the IPCC listed me as one of approximately 3000 “scientists” who agreed that there was a discernible human influence on climate. I didn’t. There is no evidence to support the hypothesis that runaway catastrophic climate change is due to human activities.”
  9. Dr Chris de Freitas: “Government decision-makers should have heard by now that the basis for the long-standing claim that carbon dioxide is a major driver of global climate is being questioned; along with it the hitherto assumed need for costly measures to restrict carbon dioxide emissions. If they have not heard, it is because of the din of global warming hysteria that relies on the logical fallacy of ‘argument from ignorance’ and predictions of computer models.”
  10. Dr Oliver Frauenfeld: “Much more progress is necessary regarding our current understanding of climate and our abilities to model it.”
  11. Dr Peter Dietze: “Using a flawed eddy diffusion model, the IPCC has grossly underestimated the future oceanic carbon dioxide uptake.”
  12. Dr John Everett: “It is time for a reality check. The oceans and coastal zones have been far warmer and colder than is projected in the present scenarios of climate change. I have reviewed the IPCC and more recent scientific literature and believe that there is not a problem with increased acidification, even up to the unlikely levels in the most-used IPCC scenarios.”
  13. Dr Eigil Friis-Christensen:The IPCC refused to consider the sun’s effect on the Earth’s climate as a topic worthy of investigation. The IPCC conceived its task only as investigating potential human causes of climate change.”
  14. Dr Lee Gerhard: “I never fully accepted or denied the anthropogenic global warming concept until the furore started after NASA’s James Hansen’s wild claims in the late 1980s. I went to the [scientific] literature to study the basis of the claim, starting with first principles. My studies then led me to believe that the claims were false.”
  15. Dr Indur Goklany: “Climate change is unlikely to be the world’s most important environmental problem of the 21st century. There is no signal in the mortality data to indicate increases in the overall frequencies or severities of extreme weather events, despite large increases in the population at risk.”
  16. Dr Vincent Gray: “The [IPCC] climate change statement is an orchestrated litany of lies.”
  17. Dr Mike Hulme: “Claims such as ‘2500 of the world’s leading scientists have reached a consensus that human activities are having a significant influence on the climate’ are disingenuous … The actual number of scientists who backed that claim was only a few dozen.”
  18. Dr Kiminori Itoh: “There are many factors which cause climate change. Considering only greenhouse gases is nonsense and harmful.”
  19. Dr Yuri Izrael: “There is no proven link between human activity and global warming. I think the panic over global warming is totally unjustified. There is no serious threat to the climate.”
  20. Dr Steven Japar: “Temperature measurements show that the climate model-predicted mid-troposphere hot zone is non-existent. This is more than sufficient to invalidate global climate models and projections made with them.”
  21. Dr Georg Kaser: “This number [of receding glaciers reported by the IPCC] is not just a little bit wrong, it is far out by any order of magnitude … It is so wrong that it is not even worth discussing.”
  22. Dr Aynsley Kellow: “I’m not holding my breath for criticism to be taken on board, which underscores a fault in the whole peer review process for the IPCC: there is no chance of a chapter [of the IPCC report] ever being rejected for publication, no matter how flawed it might be.”
  23. Dr Madhav Khandekar: “I have carefully analysed adverse impacts of climate change as projected by the IPCC and have discounted these claims as exaggerated and lacking any supporting evidence.”
  24. Dr Hans Labohm: “The alarmist passages in the IPCC Summary for Policymakers have been skewed through an elaborate and sophisticated process of spin-doctoring.”
  25. Dr Andrew Lacis: “There is no scientific merit to be found in the Executive Summary. The presentation sounds like something put together by Greenpeace activists and their legal department.”
  26. Dr Chris Landsea: “I cannot in good faith continue to contribute to a process that I view as both being motivated by pre-conceived agendas and being scientifically unsound.”
  27. Dr Richard Lindzen: “The IPCC process is driven by politics rather than science. It uses summaries to misrepresent what scientists say and exploits public ignorance.”
  28. Dr Harry Lins: “Surface temperature changes over the past century have been episodic and modest and there has been no net global warming for over a decade now. The case for alarm regarding climate change is grossly overstated.”
  29. Dr Philip Lloyd: “I am doing a detailed assessment of the IPCC reports and the Summaries for Policy Makers, identifying the way in which the Summaries have distorted the science. I have found examples of a summary saying precisely the opposite of what the scientists said.”
  30. Dr Martin Manning: “Some government delegates influencing the IPCC Summary for Policymakers misrepresent or contradict the lead authors.”
  31. Steven McIntyre: “The many references in the popular media to a ‘consensus of thousands of scientists’ are both a great exaggeration and also misleading.”
  32. Dr Patrick Michaels: “The rates of warming, on multiple time scales, have now invalidated the suite of IPCC climate models. No, the science is not settled.”
  33. Dr Nils-Axel Morner: “If you go around the globe, you find no sea level rise anywhere.”
  34. Dr Johannes Oerlemans: “The IPCC has become too political. Many scientists have not been able to resist the siren call of fame, research funding and meetings in exotic places that awaits them if they are willing to compromise scientific principles and integrity in support of the man-made global-warming doctrine.”
  35. Dr Roger Pielke: “All of my comments were ignored without even a rebuttal. At that point, I concluded that the IPCC Reports were actually intended to be advocacy documents designed to produce particular policy actions, but not a true and honest assessment of the understanding of the climate system.”
  36. Dr Paul Reiter: “As far as the science being ‘settled,’ I think that is an obscenity. The fact is the science is being distorted by people who are not scientists.”
  37. Dr Murry Salby: “I have an involuntary gag reflex whenever someone says the science is settled. Anyone who thinks the science is settled on this topic is in fantasia.”
  38. Dr Tom Segalstad: “The IPCC global warming model is not supported by the scientific data.”
  39. Dr Fred Singer: “Isn’t it remarkable that the Policymakers Summary of the IPCC report avoids mentioning the satellite data altogether, or even the existence of satellites — probably because the data show a slight cooling over the last 18 years, in direct contradiction of the calculations from climate models?”
  40. Dr Hajo Smit: “There is clear cut solar-climate coupling and a very strong natural variability of climate on all historical time scales. Currently I hardly believe anymore that there is any relevant relationship between human CO2 emissions and climate change.”
  41. Dr Richard Tol: “The IPCC attracted more people with political rather than academic motives. In AR4, green activists held key positions in the IPCC and they succeeded in excluding or neutralising opposite voices.”
  42. Dr Tom Tripp: “There is so much of a natural variability in weather it makes it difficult to come to a scientifically valid conclusion that global warming is man made.”
  43. Dr Gerd-Rainer Weber: “Most of the extremist views about climate change have little or no scientific basis.”
  44. Dr David Wojick: “The public is not well served by this constant drumbeat of alarms fed by computer models manipulated by advocates.”
  45. Dr Miklos Zagoni: “I am positively convinced that the anthropogenic global warming theory is wrong.”
  46. Dr Eduardo Zorita: “Editors, reviewers and authors of alternative studies, analysis, interpretations, even based on the same data we have at our disposal, have been bullied and subtly blackmailed.”

you can click the name and get more information about them. retired climate experts telling the truth.
:tiphat:
 

trichrider

Kiss My Ring
Veteran
MOSAiC

Embark on the largest polar expedition in history: in September 2019, the German research icebreaker Polarstern has set sail from Tromsø, Norway, to spend a year drifting through the Arctic Ocean - trapped in ice. The goal of the MOSAiC expedition is to take the closest look ever at the Arctic as the epicenter of global warming and to gain fundamental insights that are key to better understand global climate change. Hundreds of researchers from 20 countries are involved in this exceptional endeavour. Following in the footsteps of Fridtjof Nansen's ground-breaking expedition with his wooden sailing ship Fram in 1893-1896, the MOSAiC expedition will bring a modern research icebreaker close to the north pole for a full year including for the first time in polar winter. The data gathered will be used by scientists around the globe to take climate research to a completely new level. Led by atmospheric scientist Markus Rex, and co-led by Klaus Dethloff and Matthew Shupe, MOSAiC is spearheaded by Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI).


https://mosaic-expedition.org/
 

trichrider

Kiss My Ring
Veteran
The planet sweated it out again last month, as February 2020 ranked as the second-hottest February in the 141-year global climate record, according to scientists at NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information.

In addition, meteorological winter hardly made an appearance in large parts of the Northern Hemisphere, as both Europe and Asia recorded their warmest winters ever.

Globally, both the season (December through February) and the year to date (January through February) ranked second hottest in recorded history.

Here’s more from NOAA’s latest monthly global climate report:

Climate by the numbers
February 2020
The average global land and ocean surface temperature for February 2020 was 2.11 degrees F (1.17 degrees C) above the 20th-century average and the second-highest on record behind 2016.

Earth’s 10 warmest Februarys have all occurred since 1998.

In addition, the global temperature departure from average for February was the highest monthly temperature departure without an El Niño present in the tropical Pacific Ocean, surpassing the previous record set in January.

Seasonal statistics and the year to date
For the season (December through February), it was the second-warmest winter on record for the Northern Hemisphere and the second-hottest summer ever recorded in the Southern Hemisphere. For both hemispheres, only the period of December 2015 through February 2016 was warmer.

The year to date (January and February 2020) global land and ocean surface temperature was 2.09 degrees F (1.16 degrees C) above the 20th-century average, which made it the second-warmest such period in the 141-year record behind the same period in 2016.


https://www.noaa.gov/news/earth-just-had-its-2nd-hottest-february-on-record


UAH_LT_1979_thru_February_2020_v6.jpg
 

1G12

Active member
India’s hot climate got hotter in the past decade

India’s hot climate got hotter in the past decade

As India gears up for warmer than normal summer temperatures in 2020, climate scientists say large parts of India, except for the Indo-Gangetic plains, have experienced significant warming in the last 60 years due to human-induced climate change. A climatic shift has also been noted with a pronounced increase in frequency of hot days in the last four decades, scientists said.

The India Meteorological Department recently said the March-April-May (MAM) season average temperatures are likely to be warmer than normal over most of the meteorological subdivisions of northwest, west and central India and some subdivisions from south India. Near normal temperatures are likely in the remaining subdivisions.

Global Climate 2019 released on March 10, said 2015-2019 are the five warmest years on record, and 2010-2019 the warmest decade on record. Since the 1980s, each successive decade has been warmer than any preceding decade since 1850.

“We find that more than 60% of India has experienced significant warming during the 1951-2015 observed record. The rise in summer temperature is already more than one degree in the last 60 or so years,” said Vimal Mishra of the Water and Climate Lab at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Gandhinagar, referring to his latest study that taps into India Meteorological Department’s observed data as well long-term simulations of 2,000 years that helps understand the future changes.

Mishra and colleagues identified the hottest summer in the observed record (1951 to 2015) across five climatic regions in India.

“The hottest summers in the observed record occurred once in 60 or so years and had lasting impacts on public health, water availability, agriculture, and labour efficiency. Due to anthropogenic warming, we will witness the summers like the hottest summer more often, which will affect various aspects of socio-economic well being,” explained Mishra.

For instance, a study of health impacts on construction workers in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, showed that heat stress levels were higher than those prescribed by international standards, highlighting the need for revision of work practices, increased protective measures, and possible development of indigenous work safety standards for heat exposure.

Expanding on his latest study, Mishra said the five regions classified in the study are: arid regions, which includes both arid and semi-arid regions in the northwestern parts of India and rain shadow regions in the Indian peninsula; cold regions, which encompass all the Himalayan states of the country; tropical monsoon forest regions that includes the western coast of India and the southern parts of the northeastern states where the southwest monsoon hits the earliest in the country.

The tropical Savannah regions that comprise the tropical regions in India; and temperate dry summer regions, which encompass the Gangetic and Brahmaputra plains and the narrow belt in Punjab-Haryana plains that receives moderate rainfall during the summer monsoon season are the other two regions.

“Hottest summers in different climatic regions can be linked to natural climate variability as well as anthropogenic climate change. The hottest summers of 1979 and 1973 are not linked with anthropogenic warming rather those were caused by natural climate variability,” noted Mishra.

However, the study identifies the summer of 2010 as the hottest summer in the arid, cold, and temperate regions during the observed record period and it was found to be directly associated with warming linked to human actions.

NASA
India experienced one of the worst heatwave spells in the last several decades.
“Further, our analysis shows that if the global mean temperature increases to two degrees from the pre-industrial level (1861-1890), the chances of getting the summers like the observed hottest summer will increase by about seven times,” said Mishra, adding that climate change mitigation can help reduce the rise in global mean temperature but it is unlikely to limit the warming under two degrees by the end of the 21st century using the best possible mitigation measures.

The observed cooling over the Indo-Gangetic Plain in IMD data can be attributed to irrigation and the presence of atmospheric aerosols. Intensive irrigation over the Indo-Gangetic plain results in cooling of the surface as well as air temperature as reported in the previous studies, the authors said.


Mishra said said adaptation and mitigation will play a crucial role in reducing the adverse impacts of climate change in the short and long-term.

Agreeing with the study findings, Krishna AchutaRao, professor, centre for atmospheric sciences at Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, who was not associated with the research, said the increases in risk ratio are not uniform across the country.

“So the action required will have to take this into account and produce specific plans for specific regions. This will definitely help policymakers,” he said AchutaRao in response to a query on research feeding into policy.

Another study suggesting a climatic shift has shown that most of India, except the Indo-Gangetic plains, has experienced more frequent hot days having higher temperatures in recent years (1976 to 2018).

“Our results provide compelling evidence that large parts of India, except the Indo-Gangetic plains, have experienced more occurrences of hot days (upsurge by 24.7%) having higher temperatures in the recent period (1976–2018), compared to the past (1951–1975), which suggests a shift in climate,” said corresponding author MK Joshi of the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune.
 

1G12

Active member
The Five Characteristics of Science Denial

The Five Characteristics of Science Denial

1. Fake experts - a magnified minority

2. Logical fallacies - red herrings
misrepresentations
jumping to conclusions
false dichotomy

3. Impossible expectations

4. Cherry picking

5. Conspiracy theories


Just for fun, see how many you can find in some of the above denial posts.
How about #1 (fake experts) for post #3007. A lot of those quotations come from well known science crackpots.
 

kickarse

Active member
:laughing:Cherry picking is the whole "believer" argument, any hot day or two will do

You lot would rather believe computer modelling than facts to make your assumptions

When will the Arctic be ice free, what decade ?
it was supposed to be all melted away by now, the computer said so

:deadhorse
 
C

Capra ibex

:laughing:Cherry picking is the whole "believer" argument, any hot day or two will do

You lot would rather believe computer modelling than facts to make your assumptions

When will the Arctic be ice free, what decade ?
it was supposed to be all melted away by now, the computer said so

:deadhorse

You don't even understand how arrogant and ignorant you are.... to think you have a better grasp of the situation that all of the worlds greatest climatologists combined is laughable.

You can 'believe' what you want, but people dedicate their whole lives to stuff like this and they all work together, they don't just look at a handful of stats and think 'yeah, this should be right'.

Weather and climate is not an exact science, but it is a science.... your opinion on the subject is about as valuable as a random hobo's opinion on quantum computing.
 

kickarse

Active member
You don't even understand how arrogant and ignorant you are.... to think you have a better grasp of the situation that all of the worlds greatest climatologists combined is laughable.

You can 'believe' what you want, but people dedicate their whole lives to stuff like this and they all work together, they don't just look at a handful of stats and think 'yeah, this should be right'.

Weather and climate is not an exact science, but it is a science.... your opinion on the subject is about as valuable as a random hobo's opinion on quantum computing.

And what the fuck would you know ? your just another .. .... who believes what your told

How about some unaltered facts about what is going on, not what might/could.maybe happen, some time far far away in the future
name one fucking prediction that you believers have got right, that can be proved, good luck
 
C

Capra ibex

And what the fuck would you know ? your just another .. .... who believes what your told

How about some unaltered facts about what is going on, not what might/could.maybe happen, some time far far away in the future
name one fucking prediction that you believers have got right, that can be proved, good luck

What would i know?

I can spot an ignoramus when i see one....

Like i said, you can 'believe' what you want, but your opinion is worthless when put up against scientific consensus.

I didn't predict anything but i leave the climate to the people who actually have a clue what they're doing.

Do you ever look at weather forecasts? Or can you predict the next week's weather better than the meteorologists?

If your doctor tells you that you have cancer, do you accept that or do you think he's a know it all and not worth paying any attention to?
Because you're a free thinker who doesn't listen to what any professional has to say?
 
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kickarse

Active member
:laughing: whatever, time will prove me right, it already has
when will all the ice be gone ? 10 years ago apparently

Don't get all sooky la la because its still there

Name one prediction, that the "greatest" climate scientists of our time have got right ????, good luck

if ya can't find one, its probably all bullshit hey
 
C

Capra ibex

Do you think i want there to be problems just to prove myself right? Of course not....
Do you really believe that all of the scientists all over the world are conspiring and coordinating together in an EPIC conspiracy like Dr. Evil :biglaugh:

I used to watch some of this guy called Owen Benjamin losing his mind.... it's only funny because he's such an asshole and he thinks he's a genius :yikes:

(I changed my previous post a bit.... i was being a jerk, i can do better :ying: )
 
H

hard rain

:laughing: whatever, time will prove me right, it already has
when will all the ice be gone ? 10 years ago apparently

Don't get all sooky la la because its still there

Name one prediction, that the "greatest" climate scientists of our time have got right ????, good luck

if ya can't find one, its probably all bullshit hey
Well off the top of my head there was Ross Garnault who predicted the climate that exacerbated the Aussie bushfires. He's an economist but he based what he said on climate science. He predicted this summer's fires in 2007.
https://www.abc.net.au/radio/progra...ate-change-prediction-is-coming-true/11861980

I'm sure I can find plenty of others. Btw how about posting the prediction that ice would be gone 10 years ago before berating people about something that may or may not be true.
Here's an interesting article about ice and when, or if, it might be gone. Look at the graph, ice is declining.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/when-will-all-the-ice-in-the-arctic-be-gone/

Btw how's that dead horse going?
 

Frosty Nuggets

Well-known member
ICMag Donor
Well off the top of my head there was Ross Garnault who predicted the climate that exacerbated the Aussie bushfires. He's an economist but he based what he said on climate science. He predicted this summer's fires in 2007.
https://www.abc.net.au/radio/progra...ate-change-prediction-is-coming-true/11861980

I'm sure I can find plenty of others. Btw how about posting the prediction that ice would be gone 10 years ago before berating people about something that may or may not be true.
Here's an interesting article about ice and when, or if, it might be gone. Look at the graph, ice is declining.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/when-will-all-the-ice-in-the-arctic-be-gone/

Btw how's that dead horse going?
:laughing: Australia had way worse fires over 100 years ago but there weren't as many people living in the bush nor was there the rate of reporting there is now.
 

kickarse

Active member
Its a pity "Ross Garnualt" never predicted the Black Saturday fires in 2009, any fool could predict major fires sometime in the future in Australia, the same as drought and floods

You could always google "failed ice free" predictions you will find plenty, Al Gore for one

I'm a bit disappointed you never mentioned Tim Flannary @Hard Rain, he's a winner hey

Apparently the "ice" might be all gone in 2020 or 2100 depends what computer model they use, FFS lol, its from the link you provided

They just make it all up as the go, 40 years of bullshit, :beat-dead

but its been a very nice two weeks of weather here, good for me plants, best two weeks since last Autumn, we love global warming here, just don't see very much of it these days, was a lot warmer from 1998 to 2009/10 than the last 10 years

where is all this supposed warming happening these days ?
 
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1G12

Active member
Greenland, Antarctica Melting Six Times Faster Than in the 1990s

Greenland, Antarctica Melting Six Times Faster Than in the 1990s

Observations from 11 satellite missions monitoring the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have revealed that the regions are losing ice six times faster than they were in the 1990s. If the current melting trend continues, the regions will be on track to match the "worst-case" scenario of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) of an extra 6.7 inches (17 centimeters) of sea level rise by 2100.

The findings, published online March 12 in the journal Nature from an international team of 89 polar scientists from 50 organizations, are the most comprehensive assessment to date of the changing ice sheets. The Ice Sheet Mass Balance Intercomparison Exercise team combined 26 surveys to calculate changes in the mass of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets between 1992 and 2018.

The assessment was supported by NASA and the European Space Agency. The surveys used measurements from satellites including NASA's Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite and the joint NASA-German Aerospace Center Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment. Andrew Shepherd at the University of Leeds in England and Erik Ivins at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California led the study.

The team calculated that the two ice sheets together lost 81 billion tons per year in the 1990s, compared with 475 billion tons of ice per year in the 2010s—a sixfold increase. All total, Greenland and Antarctica have lost 6.4 trillion tons of ice since the 1990s.
 
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