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CANNABIS REFERENCES for breeding

Farmer John

Farmer John

Old and in the way.
Veteran
This starts to look so good that soon one can educate him/herself right here...damn good job guys.
 
G

Guest

thank you sam ... you are opening up the complex world of cannabis breeding... i salute and enjoy your worldly knowledge & achievements ...

bless

€axiom€
 
Sam_Skunkman

Sam_Skunkman

"RESIN BREEDER"
Moderator
Veteran
NEUROLOGY 2007;68:515-521
© 2007 American Academy of Neurology
Cannabis in painful HIV-associated sensory neuropathy

A randomized placebo-controlled trial

D. I. Abrams, MD, C. A. Jay, MD, S. B. Shade, MPH, H. Vizoso, RN, H. Reda, BA, S. Press, BS, M. E. Kelly, MPH, M. C. Rowbotham, MD and K. L. Petersen, MD
From the Community Consortium, Positive Health Program (D.I.A., S.B.S., H.V., M.E.K.), Hematology-Oncology (D.I.A., M.E.K.), and Neurology (C.A.J.), Divisions at San Francisco General Hospital; and Departments of Medicine (D.I.A., S.B.S., H.V., M.E.K.) and Neurology (C.A.J., H.R., S.P., M.C.R., K.L.P.), and the UCSF Pain Clinical Research Center (H.R., S.P., M.C.R., K.L.P.), University of California San Francisco.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Donald I. Abrams, San Francisco General Hospital, Ward 84, 995 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110; e-mail: [email protected]

Objective: To determine the effect of smoked cannabis on the neuropathic pain of HIV-associated sensory neuropathy and an experimental pain model.

Methods: Prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial conducted in the inpatient General Clinical Research Center between May 2003 and May 2005 involving adults with painful HIV-associated sensory neuropathy. Patients were randomly assigned to smoke either cannabis (3.56% tetrahydrocannabinol) or identical placebo cigarettes with the cannabinoids extracted three times daily for 5 days. Primary outcome measures included ratings of chronic pain and the percentage achieving >30% reduction in pain intensity. Acute analgesic and anti-hyperalgesic effects of smoked cannabis were assessed using a cutaneous heat stimulation procedure and the heat/capsaicin sensitization model.

Results: Fifty patients completed the entire trial. Smoked cannabis reduced daily pain by 34% (median reduction; IQR = –71, –16) vs 17% (IQR = –29, 8) with placebo (p = 0.03). Greater than 30% reduction in pain was reported by 52% in the cannabis group and by 24% in the placebo group (p = 0.04). The first cannabis cigarette reduced chronic pain by a median of 72% vs 15% with placebo (p < 0.001). Cannabis reduced experimentally induced hyperalgesia to both brush and von Frey hair stimuli (p 0.05) but appeared to have little effect on the painfulness of noxious heat stimulation. No serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusion: Smoked cannabis was well tolerated and effectively relieved chronic neuropathic pain from HIV-associated sensory neuropathy. The findings are comparable to oral drugs used for chronic neuropathic pain.

http://intl.neurology.org/cgi/content/abstract/68/7/515
 
dubi

dubi

ACE Seeds Breeder
Vendor
Veteran
Effect of nitrogen on tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

Effect of nitrogen on tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

High!

Here's a good one. It's very interesting to know how N feeding affects final cannabinoid quality in cannabis plants.

I. Bócsa, P. Máthé, and L. Hangyel

GATE "Fleischmann R." Research Institute, Kompolt 3356, Hungary


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Bócsa, I., P. Máthé, and L. Hangyel 1997. Effect of nitrogen on tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) leaves at different positions. Journal of the International Hemp Association 4(2): 78 -79. The effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer, of physiological age of leaves and of the interaction between these factors on the Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content of leaves from different positions on the hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plant were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. High nitrogen levels reduced the THC content of leaves, and older leaves contained less THC than younger ones. There was no significant interaction between these two factors.


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Introduction
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a traditional and important raw material for the textile industry and is currently of interest as a wood fiber supplement in the paper industry (de Meijer and van der Werf 1994). A significant increase in cultivation of hemp in Europe is anticipated for future fiber production. Furthermore, drug-type Cannabis may play an important role in future therapeutics (Clarke and Pate 1994.). However, since one of its cannabinoid compounds is Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive agent of the plant, its cultivation is presently limited. Breeders have developed low-THC and high-fiber content varieties, but some of these still contain a THC concentration verging on the EU limit for cultivation subsidy in Europe (de Meijer et al. 1992).
Since hemp has a high nitrogen (N) requirement, it is important to determine the relationship between N fertilization and THC content, and (for the purpose of analytical sampling) the interaction between N fertilizer and leaf position, in relation of leaf THC content.
Cannabinoid content of the leaves is known to decrease gradually from the top to the bottom of the plant (Hemphill et al. 1980). Nitrogen content in vegetative parts of the plant has been thought to correlate positively with its THC content (Coffman and Gentner 1975, Haney and Kutscheid 1973).

http://mojo.calyx.net/~olsen/HEMP/IHA/jiha4207.html
 
G

Guest

The role of roots in sex expression in hemp plants

The role of roots in sex expression in hemp plants

Journal Planta
Publisher Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
ISSN 0032-0935 (Print) 1432-2048 (Online)
Subject Biomedical and Life Sciences
Issue Volume 138, Number 2 / January, 1978
Category Short Communication
DOI 10.1007/BF00391177
Pages 185-187
SpringerLink Date Saturday, December 11, 2004

M. Kh. Chailakhyan1 and V. N. Khryanin1
(1) K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Academy of Sciences of USSR, Botanicheskaya ul. 35, 127273 Moscow, USSR

Received: 5 July 1977 Accepted: 20 October 1977
Abstract When the shoots of young hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants were cut off the roots, cultured as cuttings, and regenerating (adventitious) roots were removed as soon as appearing, ca. 80–90% of the plants became male (had staminate flowers) whereas if the roots were allowed to develop a similar percentage became female (pistillate flowers). Treatment of de-rooted cuttings with 6-benzylaminopurine (15 mg/l) restored the percent of female plants to ca. 80. It is suggested that the root system plays an essential role in sex expression in hemp and that this role is related to cytokinin synthesis in the root.

Key words Cannabis - Cytokinin - Flowers (sex) - Sex expression
 
Last edited:
G

Guest

The role of leaves in sex expression in hemp and spinach

The role of leaves in sex expression in hemp and spinach

Journal Planta
Publisher Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
ISSN 0032-0935 (Print) 1432-2048 (Online)
Subject Biomedical and Life Sciences
Issue Volume 144, Number 2 / January, 1979
Category Short Communication
DOI 10.1007/BF00387272
Pages 205-207
SpringerLink Date Saturday, December 11, 2004


M. Kh. Chailakhyan1 and V. N. Khryanin1
(1) K.A. Timiriazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Academy of Sciences of USSR, Botanicheskaya ul. 35, 127106 Moscow, USSR

Received: 10 July 1978 Accepted: 6 September 1978
Abstract When shoots of young plants of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) were cultured as cuttings and allowed to regenerate advenitious roots, ca. 80–85% became female (formed pistillate flowers) regardless of whether the leaves were left on the plants or were cut off (except for the 2–3 uppermost ones) after the beginning of adventitious-root formation. But when the leaves were cut off and the cuttings treated with gibberellic acid (GA3, 25 mg/l) ca. 77–80% of the plants became male (formed staminate flowers). The result was quite similar when roots and leaves of young hemp plants were removed at the same time and the cuttings treated with GA3. It is suggested that the leaves play an essential role in sex expression in hemp and spinach and that this role is related to gibberellin synthesis in the leaves.

Key words Cannabis - Flowers(sex) - Gibberellin - Sex expression - Spinacia
 
G

Guest

The Influence of Growth Regulators on Sex Expression in Hemp Plants (downloadable pdf)
M.Kh. Chailakhyan and V.N. Khryanin
K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Academy of Sciences of USSR, Botanicheskaya ul. 35, Moscow, USSR 127273

Abstract. Application, through the root system, of growth regulators to hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants having ~3 pairs of visible leaves caused pronounced shifts of sex expression in the adult individuals. Treatment with gibberellic acid (25 mg/1) resulted in more than 80% of the plants being male, i.e. having staminate flowers (controls, ca. 30%). Treatment with 6-benzylaminopurine and with indole-3-acetic acid (in either case, 15 mg/1) resulted in all plants being either female (pistillate flowers) or intersexes (bisexual flowers); treatment with abscisic acid (10 mg/1) had a similar but somewhat less pronounced effect.

The role of roots in sex expression in hemp plants ( downloadable pdf)
 
dkmonk

dkmonk

Member
Just thought i would bump this thread as it looks like some people might not of got to see it to post anything.
 
G.O. Joe

G.O. Joe

Well-known member
Veteran
Sam_Skunkman said:
Turner CE, ElSohly MA, Boeren EG. Constituents of Cannabis sativa L. ZVII.
A review of the natural constituents. J Nat Prod. 1980; 43:169-304.
Click to expand...

http://ifile.it/egoxj9m

Some stuff like

Sam_Skunkman said:
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2004 Jun;52(6):718-21.
Quantitative analysis of cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa using 1H-NMR.

Hazekamp A,
Choi YH,
Verpoorte R.
Division of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweb 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. [email protected]
A (1)H-NMR method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of pure cannabinoids and for cannabinoids present in Cannabis sativa plant material without any chromatographic purification. The experiment was performed by the analysis of singlets in the range of delta 4.0-7.0 in the (1)H-NMR spectrum, in which distinguishable signals of each cannabinoid are shown. Quantitation was performed by calculating the relative ratio of the peak area of selected proton signals of the target compounds to the known amount of the internal standard, anthracene. For this method no reference compounds are needed. It allows rapid and simple quantitation of cannabinoids with a final analysis time of only 5 min without the need for a pre-purification step.
Click to expand...

is open access.
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/cpb/52/6/718/_pdf
 
G.O. Joe

G.O. Joe

Well-known member
Veteran
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