For a medium length flowering sativa like say, swazi, it takes about 2-3 weeks from seed till the plant shows sex, then will flower and grow for another 12-15 weeks depending on pheno. but some sativa's will go for 20+ weeks, so it depends on the strain..
20 weeks, thats almost half a year
I grew swazi redbeard(rooi bart) 12/12 from seed and showed sex at day 18-22 , plants finished at 15 weeks from seed.
There are many factors that will affect maturation time. For example for the fastest harvest you need at least 80w/sqft.
Interesting to note : the most sativa looking plant was left in the 1liter starter pots till day 31 from seed while the rest were transplanted to their finals right after showing sex at the end of week 3 from seed.
This most sativa pheno that was root-restricted finished at day ~75-80 from seed , thats 25-30 days faster than the rest plants!
With root restriction though you may need to increase plant numbers per light to compensate as the yields in the restricted plants are less.