War

[Montuno]

[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]Now yes, the continuation of the series of threads on Chechnya.

This installment, number 2, is called ICHKERIA AND THE WAR, and includes the following topics:
-The minorities of the USSR
-The teips (The what?)
-The bombing of Grozny
And much, much more (?)!

Here we go... [/COLOR]



[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]1) In the previous thread, we talked a little bit about what the Chechens are like, about their history, and we stopped at the moment when the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria declared its independence from Russia, in 1991.

In case you didn't read it, you I leave here[/COLOR]
[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]Unroll available on Thread Reader[/COLOR]

[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)][/COLOR]




[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]2) What is Ichkeria? Why did they choose that name?
It is the old name of the region, of Turkic origin, before the arrival of the Russian Cossacks.

Another option for the new country was to name it Nokhchi-Nokhk (translates to 'land of the Chechens').

No, stop, better Ichkeria... [/COLOR]



[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]3) It sounds like a joke but it's not.
When a new nation is recognized, it is preferable that its name is easy and sounds good.

Albania, for example, is actually called Shqiperia.
Kazakhstan once thought of changing its name: "The 'istans' do not have good marketing." [/COLOR]



[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]4) Coming back: it turns out that, after the end of the USSR, Russia had lost 14 republics
but still kept a hundred other nationalities on its territory.

That was THE issue:
What to do with minorities?
How to get them to want to remain part of Russia if the country is in chaos? [/COLOR]



[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]5) In 1992, Moscow reaches an agreement with the minorities.
"We give you different degrees of autonomy and tax breaks, but you stay."
86 nationalities accept.
2 say no: Tatarstan and Chechnya.
In the end, the Tatars fix.

Chechens, the only rebels. [/COLOR]



[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]6) It's time to meet a central character of this story: Dzhokhar Dudayev.
Former Soviet General, he comes to power in 1991 and declares Ichkeria independence.

So, Russia sent the military, but the Chechens were waiting for them at the airport.
They couldn't even get off the plane. [/COLOR]



[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]7) Despite his success in declaring independence, Dudayev still faces strong opposition in Ichkeria itself.
Many people deplore his authoritarian style, personalism, misplaced phrases and even his intransigence towards Moscow.
And then, of course, there were the teips. [/COLOR]



[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]8) Historically, Chechen society was (and is) organized in teips.
The teips are a kind of clans; strong family ties, belonging, village.

To some teips, Dudayev closed them. Others, on the other hand, hated him.
And the teips do not usually sit idly by. [/COLOR]



[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]9) We then have:
-Ichkeria/Chechnya, de facto independent (1991) but not recognized by the world.
-Russia, powerless to resolve the situation.
-Dudayev, president of the new country, but with strong internal opposition.

And now the catastrophe begins, the total debacle... [/COLOR]



[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]10) A succession of embarrassing events involving all those named above and reaching its climax in December 1994, when Russian troops finally invaded the 'independent' Chechen territory of Ichkeria.

How did we get to this? [/COLOR]



[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]11) The opposition to Dudayev does not bank him anymore and wants to remove him from power.
They organize one, two coups, but they fail.
And so they ask 'Mama Russia' for help.

"Here we go," reply the Russians, eager to enter Ichkeria.
There is no turning back: the war begins. [/COLOR]



[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]12) The Russian military power was far superior to the Ichkerio.
"This is over quickly," says TV in Moscow.
Serious mistake: they did not count on the mobility of the Chechen guerrillas.

What was going to be a simple procedure gets bogged down. Yeltsin sees how everything begins to get out of hand. [/COLOR]



[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]13) Like everything in history, in the Chechen war there are also different points of view, interpretations.

And there are those who say: Chechnya did not defeat Russia thanks to its mountain guerrillas; in reality, she beat her thanks to western, foreign help... [/COLOR]



[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]14) Yes, Chechnya won, but calm down.

Foreign aid? Of course: if there is something that the West fears, it is a strong, powerful, united Russia.
And everything that serves to create problems, destabilize it, diminish it is useful.
For example, supporting the Ichkeria insurgency in the Caucasus. [/COLOR]



[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]15) In fact, banking anti-Russian Islamic movements is something usual in the history of the West.

Without going any further, the US financing of the Taliban and Bin Laden during the war between the USSR and Afghanistan.

Then, well, what we all know happened. It can fail... [/COLOR]



[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]16) Chechen guerrillas literally eat the Russians on the mountain.
They know the land, they have the support of the peasants.
On top of that, the morale of the Russians is very low.

What are we doing here? Who are we fighting? Why?
The Russian disaster is approaching. [/COLOR]



[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]17) On top of that, Yeltsin decides not to use the best units of the Army.
He sends young men who are recruited from the interior provinces and other republics.

A republic, Chuvasia, refuses: "We don't want our youth to die in a war that doesn't belong to us." [/COLOR]



[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]18) The war escalates and becomes unpopular.

The terrible bombing of Grozny by Russian forces begins: human rights violations, attacks on civilians, many excesses are committed.

The Chechens weren't little angels either, eh: multiple atrocities also go to their account... [/COLOR]



[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]19) Impossible to describe the war in a couple of tweets. On top of that, it spreads to other regions: Ingushetia, Dagestan, Stavropol...
It's a real disaster.

But no, let's not talk about that: whoever is really interested in the war course can look it up on the Internet, there are a thousand pages. [/COLOR]



[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]20) Eye; advice: don't trust a single source. Neither with this nor with anything.
Neither in me, eh: I try to be, but it's impossible to always be impartial.

Anyway, we come to August 1996 and what was going to be a lightning Russian victory has already been almost two years of death and destruction. [/COLOR]



[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]21) And then the armistice is signed.
Russia withdraws humiliated, unable to win.
Ichkeria remains de facto independent.
Grozny, in ruins; totally shattered.
Dead, refugee, hell.

Dudayev was killed, but his country defeated Goliath.
unimaginable. [/COLOR]



[COLOR=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.84)]22) In the next thread of this series: THE SECOND CHECHEN WAR AND RAMZAN KADYROV.

Also, soon, more texts about the Russian Caucasus: Ossetia and Dagestan.
The November screen explodes in Periodistan!

We made it together (?)
Ahre. [/COLOR]


https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1198708354878771202.html

 

[Montuno]

​​The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (/ɪtʃˈkɛriə/; Chechen: Нохчийн Республик Ичкери, romanized: Nóxçiyn Respublik Içkeri; Russian: Чеченская Республика Ичкерия; abbreviated as "ChRI" or "CRI") was a partially recognized state that controlled most of the former Checheno-Ingush ASSR. On 30 November 1991, a referendum was held in Ingushetia in which the results dictated its separation from the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, joining the Russian Federation instead as a constituent republic.[SUP][3][/SUP]

1991–2000 2000–2007: Government-in-exile

Flag Coat of arms

Anthem: "Joƶalla ya marşo" ("Death or Freedom")

Location of Chechnya

Soviet autonomous republic (1991) Independent state (de facto; 1991–2000) Government-in-exile (2000–2007)

Grozny[SUP][a][/SUP]

Chechen Russian[SUP][1][/SUP]

State secularism[SUP][1][/SUP] (1991–1996) Sunni Islam (1996–2000)

Republic (1991–1996) Islamic republic[SUP][2][/SUP] (1996–2000)

Dzhokhar Dudayev

Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev

Aslan Maskhadov

Aslan Maskhadov

Abdul-Halim Sadulayev

Dokka Umarov

Dzhokhar Dudayev

Aslan Maskhadov

Parliament

Dissolution of the Soviet Union

1 November 1991

11 December 1994

12 May 1997

26 August 1999

6 February 2000

31 October 2007

Russian ruble Chechen naxar[SUP]https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria#cite_note-4[/SUP]

[TR]
[TD="colspan: 2"]

Preceded by	Succeeded by
Checheno-Ingush ASSR	Chechen Republic

[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Russia

• Chechnya

[/TD]
[/TR]

The First Chechen War of 1994–96 resulted in the victory of the separatist forces.[SUP][4][/SUP] After achieving de facto independence from Russia in 1996, the Chechen government failed to establish order.[SUP][5][/SUP] In November 1997 Chechnya was proclaimed an Islamic republic.[SUP][6][/SUP][SUP][7][/SUP] A Second Chechen War began in August 1999 and ended in May 2000, with Chechen rebels continuing attacks as an insurgency.[SUP][8][/SUP]
HistoryEditDeclaration of IndependenceEdit


In November 1990, Dzhokhar Dudayev was elected head of the Executive Committee of the unofficial opposition Chechen National Congress (NCChP),[SUP][9][/SUP] which advocated sovereignty for Chechnya as a separate republic within the Soviet Union.

On 8 June 1991, at the initiative of Dzhokhar Dudayev, a part of the delegates of the First Chechen National Congress gathered in Grozny, which proclaimed itself the All-National Congress of the Chechen People (OKChN).[SUP][9][/SUP][SUP][10][/SUP] Following this, was proclaimed the Chechen Republic (Nokhchi-cho).[SUP][11][/SUP][SUP][12][/SUP] A month later, the self-proclaimed republic was declared an independent state.[SUP][13][/SUP]

The Soviet coup d'état attempt on 19 August 1991 became the spark for the so-called Chechen revolution.[SUP][9][/SUP][SUP][14][/SUP] On 21 August, the OKChN called for the overthrow of the Supreme Soviet of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR.[SUP][9][/SUP][SUP][14][/SUP] On 6 September 1991, OKChN squads seized the local KGB headquarters, and took over the building of the Supreme Soviet.[SUP][9][/SUP][SUP][15][/SUP] The OKChN declared itself the only legitimate authority in the region.[SUP][9][/SUP][SUP][15][/SUP] On 27 October 1991, Dudayev was elected president of the Chechen Republic.[SUP][9][/SUP][SUP][16][/SUP] Dudayev, in his new position as president, issued a unilateral declaration of independence on 1 November 1991.[SUP][17][/SUP][SUP][18][/SUP] Initially, his stated objective was for Checheno-Ingushetia to become a union republic within Russia.[SUP][19][/SUP]

The separatist Interior Minister promised amnesty to any prison inmates who would join pro-independence rallies.[SUP][20][/SUP] Among the prisoners was Ruslan Labazanov, who was serving a sentence for armed robbery and murder in Grozny and later headed a pro-Dudayev militia.[SUP][21][/SUP] As crowds of armed separatists gathered in Grozny, President Yeltsin sought to declare a state of emergency in the region, but his efforts were thwarted by the Russian parliament.[SUP][13][/SUP][SUP][19][/SUP] An early attempt by Russian authorities to confront the pro-independence forces in November 1991 ended after just three days.[SUP][22][/SUP][SUP][23][/SUP]

In early 1992, Dudayev signed a decree outlawing the extradition of criminals to any country which did not recognize Chechnya.[SUP][24][/SUP] After being informed that the Russian government would not recognize Chechnya's independence, he declared that he would not recognize Russia.[SUP][18][/SUP] Grozny became an organized crime haven, as the government proved unable or unwilling to curb criminal activities.[SUP][18][/SUP]

Dudayev's government created the constitution of the Chechen Republic, which was introduced on March 1992.[SUP][25][/SUP][SUP][26][/SUP] In the same month, armed clashes occurred between pro and anti-Dudayev factions, leading Dudayev to declare a state of emergency.[SUP][27][/SUP] Chechnya and Ingushetia separated on 4 June 1992.[SUP][28][/SUP] Relationship between Dudayev and the parliament deteriorated, and in June 1992 he dissolved the parliament, establishing direct presidential rule.[SUP][27][/SUP]

In late October 1992, federal forces were dispatched to end the Ossetian-Ingush conflict. As Russian troops sealed the border between Chechnya and Ingushetia to prevent arms shipments, Dudayev threatened to take action unless the Russians withdrew.[SUP][29][/SUP] Russian and Chechen forces mutually agreed to a withdrawal, and the incident ended peacefully.[SUP][30][/SUP]

Clashes between supporters and opponents of Dudayev occurred in April 1993. The President fired Interior Minister Sharpudin Larsanov after he refused to disperse the protesters.[SUP][31][/SUP] The opposition planned a no-confidence referendum against Dudayev for 5 June 1993.[SUP][32][/SUP] The government deployed army and riot police to prevent the vote from taking place, leading to bloodshed.[SUP][32][/SUP]

After staging another coup attempt in December 1993, the opposition organized a Provisional Council as a potential alternative government for Chechnya,[SUP][9][/SUP][SUP][13][/SUP] calling on Moscow for assistance.

On 14 January 1994, by Dudayev's decree, the Chechen Republic (Nokhchi-cho) was renamed the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.[SUP][9][/SUP][SUP][13][/SUP]
First warEdit

Main article: First Chechen War
The general feeling of lawlessness in Chechnya increased during the first seven months in 1994, when four hijacking accidents occurred, involving people trying to flee the country.[SUP][33][/SUP] In May 1994, Labazanov changed sides, establishing the anti-Dudayev Niyso Movement.[SUP][21][/SUP] In July 1994, 41 passengers aboard a bus near Mineralniye Vody were held by kidnappers demanding $15 million and helicopters.[SUP][34][/SUP] After this incident, the Russian government started to openly support opposition forces in Chechnya.[SUP][35][/SUP]

In August 1994, Umar Avturkhanov, leader of the pro-Russian Provisional Council, launched an attack against pro-Dudayev forces.[SUP][36][/SUP] Dudayev ordered the mobilization of the Chechen military, threatening a jihad against Russia as a response to Russian support for his political opponents.[SUP][37][/SUP]

In November 1994, Avturkhanov's forces attempted to storm the city of Grozny, but they were defeated by Dudayev's forces.[SUP][38][/SUP] Dudayev declared his intention to turn Chechnya into an Islamic state, stating that the recognition of sharia was a way to fight Russian 'aggression'.[SUP][39][/SUP] He also vowed to punish the captured Chechen rebels under Islamic law, and threatened to execute Russian prisoners.[SUP][40][/SUP]

The First Chechen War began in December 1994, when Russian troops were sent to Chechnya to fight the separatist forces.[SUP][41][/SUP] During the Battle of Grozny (1994–95), the city's population dropped from 400,000 to 140,000.[SUP][42][/SUP] Most of the civilians stranded in the city were elderly ethnic Russians, as many Chechens had support networks of relatives living in villages who took them in.[SUP][42][/SUP]

Former Minister of the Chemical and Oil Refining Industry of the USSR Salambek Khadzhiyev was appointed leader of the officially recognized Chechen government in November 1994.[SUP][9][/SUP][SUP][43][/SUP] The conflict ended after the Russian defeat in the Battle of Grozny of August 1996.[SUP][41][/SUP]
Interwar period (1996–1999)Edit


After the Russian withdrawal, crime became rampant, with kidnappings and murders multiplying as rival rebel factions fought for territory.[SUP][44][/SUP] In December 1996, six Red Cross workers were killed, resulting in most foreign aid workers leaving the country.[SUP][44][/SUP]

Parliamentary and presidential elections took place in January 1997 in Chechnya and brought to power Aslan Maskhadov. The elections were deemed free and fair, but no government recognized Chechnya's independence, except for the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.[SUP][45][/SUP] Ethnic Russian refugees were prevented from returning to vote by threats and intimidation, and Chechen authorities refused to set up polling booths outside the republic.[SUP][46][/SUP]

Maskhadov sought to maintain Chechen sovereignty while pressing Moscow to help rebuild the republic, whose formal economy and infrastructure were virtually destroyed.[SUP][47][/SUP]

In May 1997, the Russia–Chechen Peace Treaty was signed by Maskhadov and Yeltsin.[SUP][48][/SUP] Russia continued to send money for the rehabilitation of the republic; it also provided pensions and funds for schools and hospitals. Most of these transfers were stolen by corrupt Chechen authorities and divided between themselves and favoured warlords.[SUP][49][/SUP] Nearly half a million people (40% of Chechnya's prewar population) have been internally displaced and lived in refugee camps or overcrowded villages.[SUP][50][/SUP] The economy was destroyed. Two Russian brigades were stationed in Chechnya and did not leave.[SUP][50][/SUP] Maskhadov made efforts to rebuild the country and its devastated capital Grozny by trading oil in countries such as the United Kingdom.[SUP][51][/SUP]

Chechnya had been badly damaged by the war and the economy was in shambles.[SUP][52][/SUP] Aslan Maskhadov tried to concentrate power in his hands to establish authority, but had trouble creating an effective state or a functioning economy. As part of the peace negotiations, Maskhadov demanded $260 billion in reparations from Russia, an amount equivalent to 60% of the Russian GDP.[SUP][53][/SUP]

The war ravages and lack of economic opportunities left numbers of armed former guerrillas with no occupation but further violence. Machine guns and grenades were sold openly and legally in Grozny's central bazaar.[SUP][54][/SUP] The years of independence had some political violence as well. On 10 December, Mansur Tagirov, Chechnya's top prosecutor, disappeared while returning to Grozny. On 21 June, the Chechen security chief and a guerrilla commander fatally shot each other in an argument. The internal violence in Chechnya peaked on 16 July 1998, when fighting broke out between Maskhadov's National Guard force led by Sulim Yamadayev (who joined pro-Moscow forces in the second war) and militants in the town of Gudermes; over 50 people were reported killed and the state of emergency was declared in Chechnya.[SUP][55][/SUP]

Maskhadov proved unable to guarantee the security of the oil pipeline running across Chechnya from the Caspian Sea, and illegal oil tapping and acts of sabotage deprived his regime of crucial revenues and agitated his allies in Moscow. In 1998 and 1999, Maskhadov survived several assassination attempts, which he blamed on foreign intelligence services.[SUP][56][/SUP] The attacks were seen as more likely to originate from within Chechnya, as the Kremlin deemed Maskhadov an acceptable negotiating partner for the Chechen conflict.[SUP][56][/SUP]

In December 1998, the supreme Islamic court of Chechnya suspended the Chechen Parliament, asserting that it did not conform to the standards of sharia.[SUP][57][/SUP] After the Chechen Vice-President Vakha Arsanov defected to the opposition, Maskhadov abolished his post, leading to a power struggle.[SUP][58][/SUP] In February 1999 President Maskhadov removed legislative powers from the parliament and convened an Islamic State Council.[SUP][59][/SUP] At the same time several prominent former warlords established the Mehk-Shura, a rival Islamic government.[SUP][59][/SUP] The Shura advocated the creation of an Islamic confederation in the North Caucasus, including the Chechen, Dagestani and Ingush peoples.[SUP][60][/SUP]

On 9 August 1999, Islamist fighters from Chechnya infiltrated Russia's Dagestan region, declaring it an independent state and calling for a jihad until "all unbelievers had been driven out".[SUP][61][/SUP] This event prompted Russian intervention, and the beginning of the Second Chechen War. As more people escaped the war zones of Chechnya, President Maskhadov threatened to impose sharia punishment on all civil servants who moved their families out of the republic.[SUP][62][/SUP]
Second war and postwar periodEdit

Main article: Second Chechen War
After the fall of Grozny in 2000, some of the Ichkerian government was based in exile, including in Poland and the United Kingdom. On 23 January 2000, a diplomatic representation of Ichkeria was based in Kabul during the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. In June 2000, Akhmed Kadyrov was appointed as head of the official administration of Chechnya.[SUP][63][/SUP]

On 31 October 2007, the separatist news agency Chechenpress reported that Dokka Umarov had announced the Caucasus Emirate and declared himself its Emir.[SUP][citation needed][/SUP] He integrated the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria as Vilayat Nokhchicho. This change of status was rejected by some Chechen politicians and military leaders who continue to support the existence of the republic. Since November 2007, Akhmed Zakayev was proclaimed to be the Prime Minister of Ichkeria's government in exile.
MilitaryEdit
Cadets of the Ichkeria Chechen National Guard in 1999

Dudayev spent the years from 1991 to 1994 preparing for war, mobilizing men aged 15–55 and seizing Russian weapons depots. The Chechen National Guard counted 10,000 troops in December 1994, rising to 40,000 soldiers by early 1996.[SUP][64][/SUP]

Major weapons systems were seized from the Russian military in 1992, and on the eve of the First Chechen War they included 23 air defense guns, 108 APC/tanks, 24 artillery pieces, 5 MiG-17/15, 2 Mi-8 helicopters, 24 multiple rocket launchers, 17 surface to air missile launchers, 94 L-29 trainer aircraft, 52 L-39 trainer aircraft, 6 An-22 transport aircraft, 5 Tu-134 transport aircraft.[SUP][64][/SUP]
PoliticsEditSince the declaration of independence in 1991, there has been an ongoing battle between secessionist officials and federally appointed officials. Both claim authority over the same territory.

In late 2007, the President of Ichkeria, Dokka Umarov, declared that he had renamed the republic to Noxçiyc̈ó and converted it into a province of the much larger Caucasus Emirate, with himself as Emir. This change was rejected by some members of the former Chechen government-in-exile.
Foreign relationsEdit


Ichkeria was a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. Former president of Georgia, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, deposed in a military coup of 1991 and a leading participant in the Georgian Civil War, recognised the independence of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria in 1993.[SUP][65][/SUP]

Diplomatic relations with Ichkeria were also established by the partially recognized Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan under the Taliban government on 16 January 2000. This recognition ceased with the fall of the Taliban in October 2001.[SUP][66][/SUP] However, despite Taliban recognition, there were no friendly relations between the Taliban and Ichkeria—Maskhadov rejected their recognition, stating that the Taliban were illegitimate.[SUP][67][/SUP] In June 2000, the Russian government claimed that Maskhadov had met with Osama bin Laden, and that the Taliban supported the Chechens with arms and troops.[SUP][68][/SUP] In the aftermath of the 11 September attacks, the Bush administration called on Maskhadov to cut all links with the Taliban.[SUP][69][/SUP]

Ichkeria also received limited support from certain political factions in Poland, the Baltic countries and Ukrainian nationalists. Estonia once voted to recognize, but the act never was consummated due to pressure from both Russia and pro-Russian elements within the European Union.[SUP][67][/SUP][SUP][70][/SUP][SUP][71][/SUP] Dudayev also had contacts with Islamist movements and guerrillas in the United Arab Emirates, Afghanistan and Saudi Arabia.[SUP][72][/SUP]
Human rightsEditWar crimesEdit

Main article: Russian war crimes § Chechnya
Throughout the span of the First Chechen War, war crimes were committed. One of the more known among them was the Samashki massacre, which the United Nations Commission on Human Rights had this to say regarding the massacre:

It is reported that a massacre of over 100 people, mainly civilians, occurred between 7 and 8 April 1995 in the village of Samashki, in the west of Chechnya. According to the accounts of 128 eye-witnesses, Federal soldiers deliberately and arbitrarily attacked civilians and civilian dwellings in Samashki by shooting residents and burning houses with flame-throwers. The majority of the witnesses reported that many OMON troops were drunk or under the influence of drugs. They wantonly opened fire or threw grenades into basements where residents, mostly women, elderly persons and children, had been hiding.[SUP][73][/SUP]​

Chechen militants took hundreds of civilians hostage in Budyonnovsk and Kizlyar, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights had this to report on the former incident:

Although the conduct of Chechen fighters has scarcely been documented in non-governmental reports, information indicates that they indiscriminately fired on, and killed, civilians. For example, on 14 June 1995, Chechen commandos took some 2,000 people hostage in the town of Budennovsk in the Stavropol region and barricaded themselves in the town's hospital. The hostage-takers allegedly shot to death in the hospital four civilian men. In this incident, over 100 hostages were reportedly killed when Federal forces attempted to take over the hospital.​

KidnappingsEdit


Kidnappings, robberies, and killings of fellow Chechens and outsiders weakened the possibilities of outside investment and Maskhadov's efforts to gain international recognition of its independence effort. Kidnappings became common in Chechnya, procuring over $200 million during the three year independence of the chaotic fledgling state,[SUP][74][/SUP] but victims were rarely killed.[SUP][75][/SUP] Kidnappers would at times mutilate their captives and send video recordings to their families, to encourage the payment of ransoms.[SUP][76][/SUP]Some of the kidnapped were supposedly sold into indentured servitude to Chechen families. They were openly called slaves and had to endure starvation, beating, and often maiming according to Russian sources.[SUP][49][/SUP][SUP][77][/SUP][SUP][78][/SUP][SUP][79][/SUP] In 1998, 176 people had been kidnapped, and 90 of them had been released during the same year according to official accounts. There were several public executions of criminals.[SUP][80][/SUP][SUP][81][/SUP]

In 1998, four western engineers working for Granger Telecom were abducted and beheaded after a failed rescue attempt.[SUP][82][/SUP]Gennady Shpigun, the Interior Ministry liaison to Chechen officials, was kidnapped in March 1999 as he was leaving Grozny Airport; his remains were found in Chechnya in March 2000.[SUP][83][/SUP]President Maskhadov started a major campaign against hostage-takers, and on 25 October 1998, Shadid Bargishev, Chechnya's top anti-kidnapping official, was killed in a remote controlled car bombing. Bargishev's colleagues then insisted they would not be intimidated by the attack and would go ahead with their offensive. Other anti-kidnapping officials blamed the attack on Bargishev's recent success in securing the release of several hostages, including 24 Russian soldiers and an English couple.[SUP][84][/SUP] Maskhadov blamed the rash of abductions in Chechnya on unidentified "outside forces" and their Chechen henchmen, allegedly those who joined Pro-Moscow forces during the second war.[SUP][85][/SUP]

According to the Chechen government at least part of the kidnappings were orchestrated by the Federal Security Service, which was behind the kidnappings and financed them.[SUP][86][/SUP][SUP][87][/SUP]
ShariaEdit


After the First Chechen War, the country won de facto independence from Russia, and Islamic courts were established.[SUP][88][/SUP] In September 1996, a Sharia-based criminal code was adopted, which included provisions for banning alcohol and punishing adultery with death by stoning.[SUP][89][/SUP] Sharia was supposed to apply to Muslims only, but in fact it was also applied to ethnic Russians who violated Sharia provisions.[SUP][89][/SUP] In one of the first rulings under sharia law, in January 1997 an Islamic court ordered the payment of blood money to the family of a man who was killed in a traffic accident.[SUP][88][/SUP] In November 1997, the Islamic dress code was imposed on all female students and civil servants in the country.[SUP][90][/SUP] In December 1997, the Supreme Sharia Court banned New Year celebrations, considering them "an act of apostasy and falsity".[SUP][91][/SUP] Conceding to an armed and vocal minority movement in the opposition led by Movladi Udugov, in February 1999, Maskhadov declared The Islamic Republic of Ichkeria, and the Sharia system of justice was introduced. Maskhadov hoped that this would discredit the opposition, putting stability before his own ideological affinities. However, according to former Foreign Minister Ilyas Akhmadov, the public primarily supported Maskhadov, his Independence Party, and their secularism. This was exemplified by the much greater numbers in political rallies supporting the government than those supporting the Islamist opposition.[SUP][92][/SUP] Akhmadov notes that the parliament, which was dominated by Maskhadov's own Independence Party, issued a public statement that President Maskhadov did not have the constitutional authority to proclaim sharia law, and also condemning the opposition for "undermining the foundations of the state".[SUP][93][/SUP]
MinoritiesEdit


Ethnic Russians made up 29% of the Chechen population before the war,[SUP][94][/SUP] and they generally opposed independence.[SUP][20][/SUP] Due to the mounting anti-Russian sentiment following the declaration of independence and the fear of an upcoming war, by 1994 over 200,000 ethnic Russians decided to leave the independence-striving republic.[SUP][95][/SUP][SUP][96][/SUP] Ethnic Russians left behind faced constant harassment and violence.[SUP][97][/SUP] The separatist government acknowledged the violence, but did nothing to address it, blaming it on Russian provocateurs.[SUP][97][/SUP] Russians became soft target for criminals, as they knew the Chechen police would not intervene in their defence.[SUP][97][/SUP] The start of the First Chechen War in 1994 and the first bombing of Grozny created a second wave of ethnic Russian refugees. By the end of the conflict in 1996, the Russian community had nearly vanished.[SUP][97][/SUP]


https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria

 

[h.h.]

Did you see the documentary of the genocide in Donbass that same year? Just the other day there was missile attack against Donetsk using cluster munitions. Apparently they tried to lure as many people to the city centre as possible through a social media psy-op. The missile was intercepted and would have killed even more people. Complete media black out in the west and this is of course why RT and Sputnik are banned by these very people speak of the freedom of the press.

Bullshit supporting murder.

 

[Montuno]

​​
I know many people died in german camps from disease and starvation as a consequence of Allied bombing of supply routes, but the claim of a deliberate policy of extermination - that they ran death camps as opposed to work camps, I consider this to be atrocity propaganda

Cultural marxism is a Nazi conspiracy, Breivik was a Freemason and odds are that Jordan Peterson has a higher IQ than you.

Cuando cacarean los Gallos Negros...


NORWAY Despite being in prison, he retains his civil rights
MARIA FLUXASpecial for EL MUNDO (THE WORLD) ; Oslo
Updated: 09/05/2014 4:45 p.m.

Anders Breivik wants to create a fascist party

• "Cry for barbarism" that he committed in July 2011 in which he murdered 77 people
• Accuses the Ministry of Justice of deliberately hindering the founding of the group

In 2011 Anders Breivik killed 77 people in Norway , for which he is serving a 21-year renewable sentence. However, the murderer aspires to found a fascist political party since, he maintains, he "wants to lead his struggle within the democratic system", in which he now already believes. This follows from the letter of 33 pages typed on both sides that the correspondent of the France Presse agency in Oslo, Pierre Deshayes, has received this morning.
In the letter, Breivik accuses the Norwegian Ministry of Justice of deliberately hindering the founding of the Norwegian Fascist Party (NFP) and the Nordic League (NL) , through which he intends to defend his ideology without resorting to violence, according to France. Press.
On July 22, 2011, Breivik, now 35, killed eight people in a government building in Oslo before moving to the island of Utøya, where the Labor Party traditionally holds its summer youth camp, and murdering 69 more , mostly teenagers. She did it in the name of her fight against multiculturalism and the "Muslim invasion" in Norway , as justified at the time.
"As a former militant, my heart cries for the barbarism that I perpetrated on July 22," he writes. "As a former militant, the most important thing in my life is to work so that nothing comparable ever happens again," he adds in his letter in which he says goodbye as "Anders Behring Breivik, party secretary and candidate for deputy of the PFN and the Liga Nordic", according to France Presse.
Despite the fact that prisoners in Norway retain all their civil rights regardless of their sentence, one thing is for Breivik to want to found a party and another is for him to be able to do so in his prison situation , which he constantly complains about. Now also, because he argues in said letter that the prison authorities confiscate the letters with which to obtain signatures to register his party From him. Fact that from the Skien prison, south of Oslo, they deny.
the nazi stigma

Breivik was already a member of the Progress Party (Frp) until 2006 , and this fact posed a stigma for this far-right formation that currently governs Norway in coalition with the Conservative Party of Prime Minister Erna Solberg.
For the neighboring Swedish Democratic Party, the Breivik attacks also represented an ordeal , according to what the newspaper 'Expressen' writes this Friday about the publication of a book on this formation, whose author had access to the emails of its members. "The emails and Facebook messages provide a clear picture of how discontent spread in the party, related to the same ideology that motivated Breivik," explains David Baas.
Precisely now that Sweden is in the midst of an electoral campaign, the Democratic Party , a far-right formation that aspires to cut immigration, has once again sparked controversy with the publication of a photograph of one of its candidates with a swastika on her arm .
In the image, believed to be taken in 2012, Catharina Strandqvist , a candidate for the municipality of Halmstad (southwest), is vacuuming with a Nazi armband after a party.
With Nazi roots, members of the Democratic Party have tried to disassociate themselves from their past in recent years. According to the polls, they will obtain the support of 10% of the voters in the elections on September 14.

https://www.elmundo.es/internacional...0088b4585.html

 

[entropical]

War in Europe: Part V - Breivik Unveiled

Anders Breivik, the Utøya Freemason Zionist and murderer of (amongst others) dozens of Norwegian teenage girls, has written a 27 page long letter to the Norwegian Department of Justice complaining about the treatment he has to endure in the Norwegian prison system. He accuses them for deliberately trying to break his will and push him to suicide.

The funny thing is that Breivik was for a long time a member of FRP (Fremskrittspartiet), a rather popular Liberal and Zionist so-called "right-wing" party in Norway. This party has always complained rabidly about how well criminals are being treated in Norwegian prisons, that Norwegian prisons are like hotels, that old people are worse off than prisoners are in Norway, and so forth. I guess the former FRP-member has a different opinion now that he can see how it is like to be in a Norwegian "hotel".
​​​​​​….
Varg Vikernes
Bergen 13.12.2012

https://www.burzum.org/eng/library/w...europe05.shtml



"THE ART OF WAR"

The new Gladio in Ukraine

by Manlio Dinucci

His nom de guerre is Delta. He is one of the military leaders of the "Ukrainian revolution" even if, as he himself says, he does not consider himself Ukrainian. Under the helmet he wears a kippa. The story was released by the Jewish press agency JTA (headquartered in New York), after doing an anonymous interview and photographing him in camouflage with a bulletproof vest, his face hidden behind sunglasses and a black scarf. [1]

"Delta" is a former veteran of the Israeli army, who specialized in urban warfare as a member of the Givati infantry brigade, which was involved in Operation Cast Lead and other attacks on Gaza, including the massacre of civilians in the neighborhood of Tel el-Hawa. Back in Ukraine since a few years behind the guise of a businessman, he set up and trained, together with other former Israeli soldiers, the "Blue Helmets of Maidan", a fighting unit applying in Kiev the same urban techniques that were experimented in Gaza.

As he told the JTA, his platoon takes its orders from Svoboda, that is to say a party that behind its new facade retains its neo-Nazi matrix. So as to reassure the Ukrainian Jews who rightfully feel threatened by the neo-Nazis, "Delta" insisted that the accusation of anti-Semitism levelled against Svoboda is "bullshit."

The presence in Ukraine of Israeli military specialists is confirmed by the information relayed by the JTA and other Jewish news agencies, according to which many of the wounded in clashes with the Kiev police were immediately carried off to Israeli hospitals, evidently to prevent someone from revealing any more inconvenient truths. Such as the one about the people who trained and armed the snipers on Maidan Square who, with the same precision rifles, fired on both the protesters and police (almost all shot in the head).

These facts shed a new light on the way the coup in Kiev was organized and implemented. Under the direction of the United States and NATO, the CIA and other secret services have for years recruited, funded, trained and armed the neo-Nazi activists that in Kiev stormed government buildings, and were then made into the "national Guard.”

Photographic documentation, which has been circulating recently on the internet, shows young Ukrainian activists belonging to the neo-Nazi Uno-Unso organization, in Estonia in 2006, being trained by NATO instructors in urban warfare techniques and the use of explosives for sabotage and attacks [2] NATO did the same thing during the Cold War to form the clandestine "stay-behind" paramilitary structure, codenamed "Gladio" [3]. Active also in Italy where, at Camp Darby ( U.S. military base near Pisa ) and other sites, they trained neo-fascist groups to carry out attacks and perpetrate a possible coup d’état. An analogous paramilitary structure was created and is functioning today in Ukraine, also using Israeli specialists.

The coup would not have succeeded, however, if NATO had not co-opted a large part of the top echelons of the Ukrainian military hierarchy, training them for years at NATO’s Defense College and in drilling them in "peace operations." And it is not difficult to imagine that, in the shadows of the official network, a secret one is lurking. Thus, the Ukrainian armed forces heeded NATO’s order to "remain neutral" while the coup was unfolding. Then, they were taken over by by Andriy Parubiy, co-founder of the National Socialist Party renamed Svoboda, who became secretary of the Committee of National Defense, and by Admiral Igor Tenjukh, appointed Defense Minister, who is also linked to Svoboda .

Without doubt, the purging (or elimination) of those officers considered to be unreliable is already in progress. While NATO, which has de facto annexed Ukraine, pronounced the referendum in Crimea "illegal and illegitimate ."

https://www.voltairenet.org/article182860.html



Ukranian general speaks out on masonic affiliations of the fascist junta (2014):

https://odysee.com/@WherezWaldo:3/Uk...​​​​

 

[audiohi]

Did you see the documentary of the genocide in Donbass that same year? Just the other day there was missile attack against Donetsk using cluster munitions. Apparently they tried to lure as many people to the city centre as possible through a social media psy-op. The missile was intercepted and would have killed even more people. Complete media black out in the west and this is of course why RT and Sputnik are banned by these very people speak of the freedom of the press.

Phase 1 - complete.

Phase 2 - Try not to lose Crimea and Donbas, too

 

[Montuno]

[FONT=Roboto_condensed]WAR IN UKRAINE[/FONT]


Diary from the hell of Mariupol: "I know I will die soon, tell the world"

• EL MUNDO

• THE WORLD
  Madrid

UpdatedTuesday, 22 March 2022 - 20:07

The hell of Mariupol told by a neighbor, Nadezda Sukhorukova, who confided her feelings and reflections on life (and death) in the basements of the besieged city to her Facebook page

A woman holds her child at a shelter in Mariupol.AP


[FONT=PT_serif]Nadezda Sukhorukova resists the hell of Mariupol . She resists without food, underground, with fear everywhere. This is her diary of her life in Mariupol , the Russian-besieged city that she still resists:[/FONT]


[FONT=Roboto_condensed]MARCH 18, AT 8:10 P.M.[/FONT]

[FONT=PT_serif]I still can't understand how people can care about anything but life . When we got to the first safe place and saw a bread stall, we bought all the available bread. My friend's mother demanded that she buy as many white and rye loaves as she could. He said, "What if we go further and there's no more bread? We'll be back to sitting in the cellar with no bread."[/FONT]

[FONT=PT_serif]I still can't understand how people can worry about such nonsense as having a phone that is too old or not having high enough salaries. I couldn't use a single coin in our basement. And my phone went dead a day after the blackout. My grandchildren slept with their clothes on. And not just because it was cold as hell, but because if a bomb fell and we were still alive, it [/FONT]was better to come out from under the rubble with your shoes and jacket on[FONT=PT_serif] .[/FONT]

[FONT=PT_serif]You know, after ten days of continuous bombing, I began to glimpse its beginnings. My chest felt sickeningly hollow and I was short of breath. She was leaning back on two chairs in a section of the basement with icy gray walls. [/FONT]There were pipes above and below me[FONT=PT_serif] . Next to me was my family sitting on boards and mattresses with my white-haired grandchildren. There was my friend's family and Engie, the dog that we had to drag in and out of the basement by force. I absolutely did not want to walk in the ash- and glass-filled yard, not even for a minute.[/FONT]

[FONT=PT_serif]Walking the dog was hell . Because the bombardment did not stop. She opened the front door, pushed the dog out, and watched sadly as he ran down the stairs, trying to find a place among the splinters on the charred floor with his ears down, but then heard a nasty screech. A nearby mine exploded and the dog ran backwards . We had to wait a minute and start over. I stood in the doorway and cried. He was very scared. Engie was also very scared, but she didn't cry, she looked at me with suffering eyes. She couldn't understand what was going on.[/FONT]

Our basement consisted of many sections[FONT=PT_serif] . In many of them there were people. In one section there were very young children. Next to us was a family: an adult son and his elderly mother. They were very quiet and reserved, offering sweets and cookies to our children and giving us butter and shortening when they were about to leave. [/FONT]Our children were so scared that they ate almost nothing. But they devoured the sweets and cookies right away[FONT=PT_serif] . It was a real treasure and a bit of joy in the dark basement buzzing with explosions. The cookies made our children smile a little.[/FONT]

[FONT=PT_serif]Seven-year-old Varya asked me to tell her about Peppa Pig for the first time since the war began and she even believed me when I promised to buy her a doll as soon as we got out of the cellar. The little girl knows that it is not true: "The shops have all been robbed. How can you buy me a doll?" I replied that no toy store had been touched and that all the dolls were safe.[/FONT]
[FONT=PT_serif]I looked at her round face, her tangled hair, her little nose, her neck wrapped in a scarf, and I thought, "What if I'm lying to her?" I kissed her cheeks and her dirty hands and my heart ached . I wasn't sure we were going to survive tonight. Varya asked, "Will you buy me this doll?" Really? When?"[/FONT]

​​​​​​[FONT=PT_serif]His brother Kirill hardly ever spoke to us. He got really scared when we were in another basement of a private house and there was a direct hit on the roof. The roof caught fire and we all had to leave. We ran to the garage under a terrifying fire. All around him it howled and exploded , and Kirill shouted over the hum of the mines, " Mom, please, Mom!" I want to live! I don't want to die!"[/FONT]
[FONT=PT_serif]Please everyone who can, tell the world about Mariupol. The people of Mariupol are killed.There were hundreds of children with my grandchildren in the basements. Many are still there. They want to live. They are very scared.[/FONT]



[FONT=Roboto_condensed]MARCH 19, 6:57 AM - "MOM, YOU'RE ALIVE!"[/FONT]

[FONT=PT_serif]The main thing is not to go crazy, because the unknown is scarier than bombs. His name is Lyosha and he is still there. She could have left, but she flatly refused. Because her children stayed in this city. The day before we left she came to our basement and brought some food, because we weren't going to the surface anymore.[/FONT]
[FONT=PT_serif]Back then, the main food was buckwheat soaked in water . We wait for the grain to swell and then swallow just two tablespoons. The children had to be forced to eat. There was no salt or flavor in this porridge. Lyosha brought us that porridge, but with pieces of canned stew. He and his sister's family lived in his parents' house.[/FONT]

[FONT=PT_serif]That's when I promised him, "If I survive, I will definitely write about you." He said, "What are you saying? You will surely survive . "[/FONT]
[FONT=PT_serif]For a few days we fought against terror and gave up. We put him on a leash and went with Engie to our friends' cute two-story house. First we left the dog, then we came.[/FONT]
[FONT=PT_serif]We have lived in that house for more than a week. Until a missile hit the roof and the two-story mansion caught fire. I called this house Noah's Ark. The owners, Maxim and Natasha, welcomed everyone, fed them and kept them warm. They shared the food equally, even though people kept coming.[/FONT]
[FONT=PT_serif]There were 28 people on the ground floor, in the hallway, under the stairs . We also had a young woman with a child in the basement. She was the daughter of a friend of mine with a baby born on March 1.[/FONT]

We almost never went up to the first floor, it[FONT=PT_serif] was [/FONT]dangerous. [FONT=PT_serif]In the morning, after terrifying nights of mines and grenades, we ran to look out the window at the flag of the building in the center of the city. It was important for us to know that the blue and yellow flag was still flying over [/FONT]Mariupol[FONT=PT_serif] .[/FONT]

[FONT=PT_serif]In the ark we were able to charge our phones . First from the generator, then from the cars. When Kyivstar network coverage appeared on the steps of house number 105, people were joyful.[/FONT]
[FONT=PT_serif]Under the howling and crashing of grenades, those who still had the charge on their phones called family and friends in other cities. It was impossible to reach any number in Mariupol .[/FONT]
[FONT=PT_serif]For the first time in a week I was able to call my son, who was hundreds of miles from this hell. He started yelling, "Mom, are you alive? Is everyone alive?" . I didn't know exactly what people in other cities knew about what was happening in Mariupol and I started telling them that they were bombing us, firing rockets, killing us.[/FONT]
[FONT=PT_serif]Then several men came up to me and asked how things were going in the other cities. People had no information. He lived in an absolute vacuum.[/FONT]


[FONT=Roboto_condensed]MARCH 19, 2:47 P.M.[/FONT]

[FONT=PT_serif]If we hadn't left this morning we'd be dead by now. Me, at least, for sure. There were fewer and fewer people in our basement. As soon as someone found gas or friends with a car, they left. Our neighbors were also preparing to leave. They were stopped by the bombing. Planes flew every half hour. Now the earth shook four times, and sometimes six times every five minutes .

They bombarded us with all their might , as if they wanted to bury every house, every tree, put every soul in a big crater. We haven't slept for several days. Or rather one could call our condition a half-sleep. I was afraid to move. There was no bathroom in the basement. They each went to their own apartment. I had to go up to the fifth floor. I couldn't move.[/FONT]


[FONT=Roboto_condensed]MARCH 19 AT 9:54 P.M.[/FONT]

[FONT=PT_serif]I am sure that I will die soon . It's just a matter of days. Everyone in this town is always waiting to die. I wish my death wasn't so scary. I know they won't bury me . This is what the cops told us when we asked them what to do about an acquaintance's dead grandmother. We were advised to put it on the balcony. I wonder how many balconies have dead bodies on them.[/FONT]
[FONT=PT_serif]I am outside in a courtyard, during the day, and there is a graveyard silence around me. There are no cars, no voices, no children, no grandmothers on the benches. The wind is also dead.[/FONT]
[FONT=PT_serif]All the life in my city is burning in the basements. It is like a candle. Turning it off is very easy. Any vibration or breeze, and darkness comes. I try to cry, but I can't. I feel sorry for myself, my family, my husband, my neighbors, my friends. I go back to the basement and hear the horrible screeching of iron. It's been two weeks and I don't think there was another life.[/FONT]

[FONT=PT_serif]When we arrived in Mangush, a very kind man accommodated us, [/FONT]16 adults and children, a dog and cats[FONT=PT_serif] , in his beautiful home. We slept in warm beds, washed and ate from different plates. I asked, "How much does all this cost?" He replied, "Who did you take me for?" While his fellow villager was selling cheese and ricotta for five hundred hryvne to hungry people arriving in broken down cars.

https://www.elmundo.es/internacional...3048b45e5.html[/FONT]

 

[Montuno]

​​
I know many people died in german camps from disease and starvation as a consequence of Allied bombing of supply routes, but the claim of a deliberate policy of extermination - that they ran death camps as opposed to work camps, I consider this to be atrocity propaganda

War in Europe: Part V - Breivik Unveiled

Anders Breivik, the Utøya Freemason Zionist and murderer of (amongst others) dozens of Norwegian teenage girls, has written a 27 page long letter to the Norwegian Department of Justice complaining about the treatment he has to endure in the Norwegian prison system. He accuses them for deliberately trying to break his will and push him to suicide.

The funny thing is that Breivik was for a long time a member of FRP (Fremskrittspartiet), a rather popular Liberal and Zionist so-called "right-wing" party in Norway. This party has always complained rabidly about how well criminals are being treated in Norwegian prisons, that Norwegian prisons are like hotels, that old people are worse off than prisoners are in Norway, and so forth. I guess the former FRP-member has a different opinion now that he can see how it is like to be in a Norwegian "hotel".
​​​​​​….
​​​​
Varg Vikernes
Bergen 13.12.2012

https://www.burzum.org/eng/library/w...europe05.shtml

​​​​​​ Anders Behring Breivik owns last declarations:
​​​​​
"I condemn violence and terrorism and the aims of the manifesto (which he published in 2011 when the attacks were committed). But that does not mean that I do not continue to fight for the triumph of NationalSocialism in Norway and in the West."

Breivik admitted that the attacks had been "a cruel thing," but denied being a criminal and said he had cried a lot for the victims "on both sides of the culture war" that he said pitted liberals and social democrats against Nationalsocialists.

Anders Breivik has renounced violence and has shown a willingness to give up "problematic" political activity, but he does not renounce Nationalsocialist ideology.

Breivik said he wanted to be the leader of a future Norwegian Nationalsocialist party.



El autor de la masacre noruega pide su libertad con el saludo nazi: "Sufrí un lavado de cerebro"

Anders Breivik ha renunciado a la violencia y se ha mostrado dispuesto a abandonar la actividad política "problemática", pero no renuncia a la ideología nacionalsocialista

Anders Breivik, autor del doble atentado en Noruega en julio de 2011. (Reuters)
Por

1. Efe

19/01/2022 - 10:47 Actualizado: 19/01/2022 - 10:52


En la vista oral del juicio celebrada en Noruega el ultraderechista Anders Behring Breivik atribuyó al "lavado de cerebro" que sufrió a manos de una red extremista la responsabilidad del doble atentado que cometió y en el que murieron 77 personas en julio de 2011 en Noruega, pero mantuvo su fe en el nacionalismo. El ultra noruego, de 42 años, repitió al inicio de la vista el saludo nazi hecho en comparecencias anteriores ante los tribunales y mostró una pancarta con el mensaje "Detengan el genocidio contra las naciones blancas" (en inglés).

"Condeno la violencia y el terrorismo y los objetivos del manifiesto (que publicó en 2011 al cometer los atentados). Pero eso no significa que no siga luchando por el triunfo del nacionalsocialismo en Noruega y en Occidente", dijo Breivik en su declaración ante el tribunal en la vista sobre su libertad vigilada. "Es crucial que entiendan el lavado de cerebro que sufría hace diez años. No es mi culpa. Son quienes lavan el cerebro en la red los que tienen casi toda la responsabilidad por el 22 de julio de 2011 (fecha de los atentados)", dijo.

Breivik apuntó como culpable de su radicalización a la red extremista Blood & Honour, que lo usó como "un soldado", a la vez que aseguró que ya no es esa persona ni un activista militante y violento. Más moderado que en comparecencias pasadas, Breivik admitió que los atentados habían sido "algo cruel", pero rechazó ser un criminal y dijo haber llorado mucho por las víctimas "de ambos lados de la guerra cultural" que, según él, enfrenta a liberales y socialdemócratas contra los nacionalsocialistas. "Pero la mayor tragedia es que nos han mantenido fuera de la democracia durante 80 años", afirmó en una declaración transmitida parcialmente por medios noruegos, que censuraron algunos pasajes.

Dispuesto a dejar la actividad política

Breivik dijo ser el líder de un futuro partido nacionalsocialista noruego, pero se mostró dispuesto incluso a abandonar cualquier tipo de actividad política si el tribunal lo considera necesario e irse a vivir a alguna zona aislada del Ártico noruego. Durante sus diez años en prisión, afirmó haber dedicado 35.000 horas (lo que equivale a diez horas diarias) a desarrollar diversos planes de negocios como hacer documentales o la venta por internet para asegurar su supervivencia económica.

"Si lo aceptan, dejaré lo problemático de la ultraderecha y haré todo lo que digan"

"Si lo aceptan, dejaré lo que sea problemático de la ultraderecha y haré todo lo que digan", declaró Breivik, dispuesto al perdón recíproco y a mostrar "misericordia" si sus correligionarios también lo reciben, a la vez que aseguraba contar con "miles de apoyos". La declaración de Breivik estuvo precedida por la de la Fiscalía, que dedicó buena parte de su intervención a relatar con detalles los atentados y las heridas causadas por el ultra, así como las consecuencias para familiares y supervivientes.

La fiscal Hulda Karlsdottir citó la sentencia de 2012 para recordar que los hechos "no tienen comparación" en la historia noruega, que fueron planeados durante años y que hay un peligro real de que se puedan repetir y de que Breivik tenga "voluntad y capacidad para hacer nuevos atentados". La vista, que se celebra por motivos de seguridad en la cárcel de Skien (oeste de Oslo) donde Breivik cumple condena en régimen de aislamiento, se desarrollará hasta el jueves.

El máximo castigo en Noruega

Breivik solicitó hace unos meses la libertad vigilada, a la que se ha opuesto la Fiscalía, una vez cumplido el tiempo mínimo de la condena fijada contra él en su día, una especie de prisión indefinida para presos peligrosos, aunque las perspectivas de que sea liberado son nulas. El ultra fue condenado a 21 años de custodia, castigo máximo fijado entonces por las leyes noruegas y figura que puede equivaler a una cadena perpetua, ya que se puede prorrogar de forma ilimitada, aunque el reo tiene derecho a que sea revisada de forma periódica.

Breivik colocó una furgoneta-bomba en el complejo gubernamental de Oslo el 22 de julio de 2011, que mató a ocho personas. A continuación se desplazó a la isla de Utøya, escenario del campamento anual de las Juventudes Laboristas, donde ejecutó durante algo más de una hora a decenas de personas que consideraba defensores del multiculturalismo y una amenaza para Noruega.

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.elc...ertad_3360763/

 

[entropical]

Precisely now that Sweden is in the midst of an electoral campaign, the Democratic Party , a far-right formation that aspires to cut immigration, has once again sparked controversy with the publication of a photograph of one of its candidates with a swastika on her arm .[/FONT][/COLOR][/SIZE]
In the image, believed to be taken in 2012, Catharina Strandqvist , a candidate for the municipality of Halmstad (southwest), is vacuuming with a Nazi armband after a party.
With Nazi roots, members of the Democratic Party have tried to disassociate themselves from their past in recent years. According to the polls, they will obtain the support of 10% of the voters in the elections on September 14.

https://www.elmundo.es/internacional...0088b4585.html

It is a problem that Catharina Strandqvist of the opposition party vacuumed with a Nazi armband, but that swedish Social Democrat ruling party minister Ida Karkalainen hosted Nazi parties and so on is not a problem (nor is the history of said party, which the Swedish government is more than eager to hush up):


One former acquaintance claimed that the gatherings had featured the music of Pluton Svea, a right-wing extremist rock band, and guests had shouted “sieg heil” from the balcony in the early hours of the morning.

Karkiainen, from the ruling Social Democratic party, acknowledged …

https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/s...hies-g5850jxgd


Swedish police seize books criticizing Sweden's collaboration with Nazis

The entire stock of 'This is a Swedish Tiger' was seized in a dawn raid of the publisher's offices.

https://www.jpost.com/international/...h-nazis-631842

Swedish government arming Nazi Azov Battalion: the first to receive Robot 57 NLAW and instructions on its use.

 

[entropical]

Anders Behring Breivik owns last declarations:
​​​​​
"I condemn violence and terrorism and the aims of the manifesto (which he published in 2011 when the attacks were committed). But that does not mean that I do not continue to fight for the triumph of NationalSocialism in Norway and in the West."

”I condemn violence and terrorism”, the terrorist said

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HITLER’S LIQUIDATION OF LUCEFERIAN FREEMASONRY:

According to Coil’s Masonic Encyclopedia, there were 638 Masonic Lodges in Germany with 80,000 members, working under authority of 10 Grand Lodges. The largest of these were the Grand Lodge of the Three Globes, the National Grand Lodge of all German Freemasons, and the Grand Lodge Royal York of Friendship.
The Enabling Act (Ermächtigungsgesetz in German) was passed by Germany’s parliament (the Reichstag) on March 23, 1933. Using the Act, on January 8, 1934, the German Ministry of the Interior ordered the disbandment of Freemasonry, and confiscation of the property of all Lodges (including all libraries and Masonic artifacts) ; stating that those who had been members of Lodges when Hitler came to power, in January 1933, were prohibited from holding office in the Nazi party or its paramilitary arms, and were ineligible for appointment in public service.

In 1934, Hermann Goering, as Premier of Prussia, ordered the dissolution of the three Masonic Grand Lodges in Prussia, the oldest and most influential in Germany. They were the Christian Grand Lodges, The Grand Lodge of the Three Globes, All German Freemasons, and Royal York of Friendship.
On August 8, 1935, as Führer and Chancellor, Adolf Hitler signed a decree demanding the immediate arrest and imprisonment of all persons who had not resigned from Masonic societies. All who were suspected of being Masonic leaders were executed, while mere members were jailed. The same evening of Aug 8, 1935 Hitler had announced in the Nazi Party newspaper, Voelkischer Beobachter, the dissolution of all Masonic Lodges in Germany. The article accused the Fraternity and World Jewry of conspiracy in seeking to create a “World Republic” (New World Order).
…
​​​​​​​Freemasonry was banned by edict in all countries that were either allied with the Nazis or under Nazi control, including Norway and France. Anti-Masonic exhibitions were held in many occupied countries.

​​​​​​​https://20thcenturyhoax.wordpress.com/2017/01/16/hitlers-war-against-freemasonry/

 

[Montuno]

Phase 1 - complete.

Phase 2 - Try not lose Crimea and Donbass, too

[FONT=Roboto_condensed]WAR IN UKRAINE[/FONT]


The war faces the "decisive moment": Russia wastes its war resources and Ukraine tries to gain ground

https://youtu.be/RUzH4pllmGA

• ALBERTO RED
  Special delivery
  Lviv (Ukraine)

UpdatedSaturday, March 26, 2022 - 07:26

The Russian Defense Ministry announces the first phase of its "military operation" in Ukraine is almost over.

• Direct War Ukraine - Russia, live breaking news
• War in Ukraine The reasons why we are interested in arming the Ukrainians

[FONT=PT_serif]During the first days of the war, the Ukrainian army ambushed a few vehicles of one of the logistics columns that fed food and gasoline to the Russian vanguards. Inside a truck they found a curious merchandise: a good handful of medals with their cloth ribbon and round shape with a female figure in relief and some letters in Russian forming the word "Kiev" . These medals, made by the Kremlin to celebrate the taking of the Ukrainian capital, wanted to commemorate a victory that never existed.
[FONT=PT_serif]The Russian invasion has been transformed, due to the Ukrainian resistance, the efficiency of Western weapons and the errors in the Kremlin 's strategy , into another type of conflict. Military analysts try to guess, by looking at each other's efforts, what are the next objectives to be achieved before sitting down at the negotiating table. With all the nuances of a complex war situation, certain Ukrainian advances can be seen in the north, where the Russian spearheads around Kiev have not only been stopped, but in some cases have had to withdraw up to 35 kilometers in the area of Irpin in the face of the strength of the counteroffensive and the lack of food, gasoline and motivation of the Moscow troops .[/FONT][/FONT]

[FONT=PT_serif]In the south the situation is different: the resistance has so far managed to repel the attacks in [/FONT]Mikolayev[FONT=PT_serif] , the key to launching the final offensive in [/FONT]Odessa[FONT=PT_serif] , which cannot depend only on an amphibious landing, but its resistance is declining in [/FONT]Mariupol[FONT=PT_serif] after weeks of siege and destruction by Russian artillery. [/FONT]Guillem Colom[FONT=PT_serif] , an expert at [/FONT]Global Strategy[FONT=PT_serif] , assures that "Russian errors will be studied in all military academies. Now the fronts seem to have stabilized and [/FONT]Russia[FONT=PT_serif] is adopting a defensive posture. Possibly they are waiting for reinforcements to arrive in certain places to return to the offensive. " This is no longer a war of attrition."[/FONT]

[FONT=PT_serif]Satellite images reveal the construction of trenches and foxholes. That is, Moscow tries to protect itself and buy time in the middle of a hostile place. Looking up at the sky, a Ukrainian military source, who wishes not to reveal his name and position, comments to this journalist: "When spring comes, with its sun and rain, tall grass will grow in all those areas, ideal for hiding and ambushing. all those Russian forces stopped in the middle of nowhere.[/FONT]
[FONT=PT_serif]The expert Jesús Manuel Pérez Triana assures that "the Ukrainians take the initiative in two areas. One is around the capital and the other is around the port city of Mikolayev , in the direction of Kherson . So we can deduce that their objectives are prevent the fall of the capital, because it is the center of power in the country and for its symbolic value, and prevent the Russians from advancing along the Black Sea coastline and depriving Ukraine of its ports ( Mikolayev and Odessa )".[/FONT]

Christian D. Villanueva[FONT=PT_serif] , director of the [/FONT]Revista Ejércitos[FONT=PT_serif] , believes that "the Russian objectives, after the failure to decapitate the Ukrainian government and after also failing the attempt to quickly conquer important cities such as [/FONT]Kharkov[FONT=PT_serif] , as well as to completely surround the capital They go through reaching any situation on the ground that allows them to negotiate from a position of strength, so that they can translate military gains into the political objectives that were set before the war," he says. In fact, this Friday, [/FONT]the Russian Ministry of Defense announced that the first phase of its "military operation" in Ukraine is almost over, and has already backed down on its intentions to invade the entire country.[FONT=PT_serif]and has assured that it will focus on "liberating" Donbas, without ruling out "other Ukrainian cities."[/FONT]


[FONT=PT_serif]"The problem is that, being stuck on the ground, having lost momentum, without mobilizing reservists and without the ability to resume the advance, the only thing they can do is continue with the strategy of imposing costs, that is, destroying little little by little the Ukrainian cities and economy until the Zelensky government accepts the minimum conditions that can satisfy Russia ".[/FONT]
[FONT=PT_serif]These days the Ukrainians live with a dual feeling: on the one hand, in the military field, they know that they have managed to stop the invader before he takes over the most important positions. On the other, he begins to understand that the cost of that resistance will be high in both lives and materials. "I am proud of our army," says the driver who is carrying this journalist these days. "But it will take generations to build our cities again if Putin continues to destroy them."[/FONT]


[FONT=Roboto_condensed]'NEW RUSSIA'[/FONT]

[FONT=PT_serif]Guillem Colom abounds in this idea: " Russia is now in that classic strategy of imposing costs to 'demilitarize' and leave the country a fox. When I saw that the Russians had burst the Mikolayev naval turbine factory, it was clear to me. bottom line is that they want a deindustrialized Ukraine .[/FONT]

[FONT=PT_serif]On the other hand, "the Russians have the initiative in the provinces of Donetsk , Lugansk and Zaporizhia . There is heavy fighting in Mariupol and we have seen the landing of forces in the port of Berdyansk . So we can deduce that the Russian objective is to consolidate their conquests territorial in the region they call 'New Russia' to dominate the entire Donbas and obtain a land connection from Russia to the Crimean Peninsula . Controlling Mariupol is the last obstacle to that", says Pérez Triana .[/FONT]
[FONT=PT_serif]"The big question is what the Russians will do once Mariupol falls . They could announce that they have achieved their objectives and negotiate a ceasefire from a position of strength. Or try to finish controlling all of Ukraine east of the Dnieper River , trying to pocket the Ukrainian army advancing from the north leaving behind Kharkov from the north and towards Dnipro from the south".[/FONT]
[FONT=PT_serif]Villanueva affirms that "the Ukrainians are showing a remarkable capacity to resist and also to surprise the Russians, striking and causing heavy casualties. It is possible that, if Russia does not manage to replenish the dead and wounded, some parts of their device will remain compromised and this gives rise to pockets. In recent days there are more and more rumors that this would be happening northwest of Kiev , between Gostomel , Bucha and Irpin ".[/FONT]


[FONT=PT_serif]Precisely that encirclement strategy that Moscow intended by trying to surround entire units of the Ukrainian army has not finished working for them, not even in the Donbas , where the best Ukrainian troops are, at war since 2014, as in the Kharkov area . None of the cauldrons of resistance battalions have been surrounded, a success for Kiev and a blow for Moscow .[/FONT]
[FONT=PT_serif]"Surely, the Russian high command is assessing that the fall of Mariupol would allow them to release forces with which to advance towards Zaporizhia and Dnipro , which would pose a great threat to Ukraine , both due to destruction and a possible encirclement of half the country. In any case, they are aware that Ukraine also has a limit to its endurance."[/FONT]


[FONT=Roboto_condensed]THE MYSTERY OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS[/FONT]

[FONT=PT_serif]Could Putin use chemical or nuclear weapons if his offensive fails and the Ukrainians continue to multiply Russian casualties? "The use of chemical and even nuclear weapons is by no means ruled out. On the one hand, the longer the conflict drags on and the more damage done by casualties and sanctions, the greater the temptation for Russia to resort to these weapons to surrender Ukrainian cities. and negotiate from a position of strength," says Villanueva.

However, Pérez Triana thinks the opposite: "I rule it out. Chemical weapons require certain weather conditions for the gas clouds to be effective. It is not a weapon that works in all places and circumstances. In theory, it serves to annihilate infantry at discovered. In practice, in recent decades we have seen that it has been used to attack the civilian population, such as in Iraq under Saddam Hussein and in Syria by the Damascus regime . I believe that its use in Ukraine would be a red line that if crossed by the Russians would generate a visceral reaction from NATO It is also true that this war has meant that many taboos, such as that of conventional warfare inEurope , have been blown up. And trying to apply our mindsets to Vladimir Putin 's decision-making can lead to the wrong conclusions."[/FONT]
[FONT=PT_serif]"When I saw the Russians talking about chemical and nuclear laboratories, I began to worry," says Guillem Colom. "I wouldn't rule it out at this point. They've already crossed Obama 's red line on Syria ."[/FONT]


[FONT=Roboto_condensed]ARMIES AT THE LIMIT OF THEIR STRENGTH[/FONT]

[FONT=PT_serif]Are we facing an exhaustion of the two armies? Will they both be able to withstand this high level of casualties on the Russian side and destruction on the Ukrainian side? "The Ukrainian government exposes its needs for anti-aircraft and anti-tank missiles at 500 every day, while the Russians are looking for cannon fodder among their allies: Haftar 's Libya , Bashar Assad 's Syria , Chechnya and the breakaway republics of Georgia ( Abkhazia and South Ossetia )," says Pérez Triana.[/FONT]

[FONT=PT_serif]"In addition , Moscow transfers military equipment from the Far East to Ukraine to compensate for losses. They have already launched more than 1,000 cruise and ballistic missiles and have started using more exotic weapons, such as Kinzhal hypersonic missiles and Bastion anti-ship missiles . For me it is indicative that its stocks of cruise missiles are running out," says the analyst. "It will be difficult for both sides to maintain the current level of effort indefinitely and that will push both sides to the negotiating table," he concludes.[/FONT]
[FONT=PT_serif]Guillem Colom states: "Russian assumptions are based on brutal miscalculations. The plan doesn't stick with pins. I think they are close to reaching the Clausewitz point [where the attacker consumes more resources than they have available] It's what goes to war naked."[/FONT]


​​​​​​
https://www.elmundo.es/internacional...e578b45bb.html

 

[Montuno]

GUERRA EN UCRANIA :

El este de Europa se rearma y cierra filas contra Putin :

 

[Montuno]

​​
I know many people died in german camps from disease and starvation as a consequence of Allied bombing of supply routes, but the claim of a deliberate policy of extermination - that they ran death camps as opposed to work camps, I consider this to be atrocity propaganda

History
HISTORICAL MEMORY
the 9,161 spanish prisoners in the nazi concentration camps

A new inventory published at the beginning of May registers all the names of the Spanish deportees who joined the lists of reprisals by the Hitler regime.​

Mauthausen Nazi concentration camp. Prisoners salute the US 11th Armored Division for their release, with banners in Spanish and the Republican anti-fascist salute

Guiomar Huguet Pane
editor
August 18, 2021 2:50 PM

Enrique García Aragó was a hairdresser and arrived in Mauthausen on 8/31/1941 , he also passed through Dachau, Flossenbürg and entered Auschwitz-Birkenau on 12/3/1943. There he died on 10/6/1944.

José San Blay entered the Aurigny concentration camp on 5/17/1944, and was released on 8/30/1944 .
Leoncio López Martínez arrived at the Dachau camp on 8/18/1944, was transferred to Auschwitz and again to Dachau, where he occupied barracks 21. He died there on 2/19/1945.
These are just three of the thousands of names that, since last May 5, can be consulted in the new and very complete registry of Spanish Republicans deported to the concentration and extermination camps of Hitler's Nazi regime. Thanks to the meticulous work carried out by the Banc de Memòria de la Generalitat de Catalunya, the Universitat Pompeu Fabra and the Amical Mauthausen Association , it is possible to know the names, the place of departure, the train they traveled on, their former work occupations , the day they arrived, to which camp and what day they died or when they were released.
These data were made available to the public on the anniversary of the liberation of the Mauthausen concentration camp , where the American troops arrived on May 5, 1945, being received by a sign written in Spanish due to the large number of Spanish inmates.


MORE THAN 9,000 DEPORTEES

As bitter as it is necessary, this new census records that Nazi Germany housed a total of 9,161 republican prisoners in its concentration and extermination camps. The origin of these thousands of Spaniards was diverse, but most of them had been closely acquainted with the drama of other camps , in this case of refugees, in the south of France (Argelès-sur-mer, Le Vernet d'Ariège or Barcarès , among others) after having crossed the border after the fall of Catalonia at the end of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).

After a painful stay on the cold sand of French beaches, many of those who survived were sent to war as soldiers of the French army , whose troops fought on the various European fronts against the unstoppable advance of the Wehrmacht during the war. World War II (1939-1945).
France fell and her soldiers were captured with her. And after the Franco regime disregarded the Spaniards who were outside its borders, most of the Spanish Republicans who had already lived through two wars were sent to Mauthausen and other destinations in the macabre network of Nazi camps.
Of the 9,161 deportees, 5,166 died executed or victims of life in the concentration camps . That is almost 60% of the total. There were 3,539 survivors, however the whereabouts of the 456 missing from the calculations are unknown .

The graphical visualization of the contents of this new file makes it possible to see on a map all the active camps during the years of the war and the organization of the data facilitates searches through filters that offer the possibility of knowing, for example, how many people from the same locality were deported or how many coincided in a field.
Navigating this recently released data is a gut-churning experience, but one that serves as a tribute and remembrance of all those forgotten for decades. Well, as the Spanish philosopher Jorge Santayana said, “those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it”.


https://historia.nationalgeographic... .azis_15328/amp

 

[ButterflyEffect]

Hey now, I'll have you know he was responding to me and I was responding to Gypsy who was commenting on someone taking about Nazis and the Jewish race.

Oh, I think you know exactly who I was directing that towards

 

[ButterflyEffect]

I wouldn’t see that as your intent, however in general, Butterfly does have a point. Evidenced by yesterdays Supreme Court nominee hearing.

Yeah, totally wasn't towards HK. Gypsy, perhaps

 

[Montuno]

​​
I know many people died in german camps from disease and starvation as a consequence of Allied bombing of supply routes, but the claim of a deliberate policy of extermination - that they ran death camps as opposed to work camps, I consider this to be atrocity propaganda

INTERNATIONAL DAY FOR THE REMEMBRANCE OF THE VICTIMS OF THE HOLOCAUST


"The Spanish survivors of the Nazi camps told us 'tell it'!!":

• Relatives of Spanish victims of Nazism lament that "their stories have been silenced." Of the 9,300 Spanish prisoners, two thirds did not survive: "450 were gassed, possibly as experimental material for subsequent extermination practices," says historian Benito Bermejo.
• Spaniards as Nazi experiment material.

Mauthausen Nazi concentration camp. Prisoners salute the US 11th Armored Division for their release, with banners in Spanish and the Republican anti-fascist salute.


Olga Rodriguez
January 26, 2021 10:20 p.m.Updated on 01/27/2021 6:58 p.m.


Nine thousand three hundred Spanish men and women passed through Nazi concentration camps. Their stories are shocking, but little is known in our country. “The survivors swore an oath: live to tell the tale. But despite this, their stories have been silenced in Spain,” laments Esther Calcerrada, great-niece of Enrique Calcerrada Guijarro, one of the Spanish Republican prisoners who managed to get out of the Gusen concentration camp alive, where he spent four years, since 1941 to 1945.


“When he was released, he was admitted to a hospital, where he remained for almost two years. He was young, he was 26 in 1945, but the aftermath must have been tremendous,” he recounts. “I didn't know his story until I was an adult. My great-uncle wrote his memoirs of him from the countryside and in 2003 they were published. My father gave me the book. When I read it he couldn't believe it. Since then I have tried to bring his story and that of others to light, because clearly in this country he has deliberately opted for silence, ”he indicates in conversation with elDiario.es.

Enrique Calcerrada Guijarro, great-uncle of Esther Calcerrada. He was imprisoned in Mauthaussen, with the number 4479. Courtesy of the Calcerrada family

A tour of the 'memory stones'

For a few years, several relatives of Spanish victims of Nazism have been coordinating through the Blue Triangle movement, within the Association for the Recovery of Historical Memory .

This Tuesday, the eve of the International Day for the Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust, some gathered on Bravo Murillo street in Madrid, to make a brief tour of some areas of the city marked with the so-calledStolpersteine ​​– 'stones of memory' or literally, in German, 'stones that cause tripping' – a citizen initiative that remembers Spanish survivors and murdered in Nazi concentration camps.

The families themselves promote the placement of these stones in various cities of our country, next to buildings where the victims lived. TheStolpersteine ​​are made by the German Gunter Demnig, who devised this initiative years ago. Since then, the sculptor has created more than 70,000 pieces that have been installed in 24 countries , in memory of victims of 24 nationalities. When Jesús Rodríguez and Isabel Martínez, activists of historical memory, learned about the project on a trip to Germany, they immediately considered extending it to Spain. A few dozen have already been placedand the intention is to continue.


Miguel Nogués is the grandson of Juan Antonio García Acero, a carabinieri who remained loyal to the Republic and ended up being assassinated in the Gusen Nazi camp, Mauthausen subcamp: “My grandfather was left a widower, with six children, shortly before the outbreak of the Civil War, in May 1936. When the war began, he remained faithful to the Republic and fought on several fronts, first he defended the Casa de Campo in Madrid and later he went to Barcelona”, he recounts in a conversation with elDiario.es.

On the left, Jesús Rodríguez, promoter of the 'stones of memory' initiative. In the middle, Miguel Nogués, grandson of Juan Antonio García, murdered in the Gusen Nazi camp. In his hand, a 'memory stone', before being installed Olga Rodríguez



Spaniards as Nazi experiment material

“We have a couple of postcards that he sent to my aunt – who took care of my mother and her siblings – in 1937 from Catalonia.

Later she had to go to France, where she was in the Argelès concentration camp, among others. He was part of a battalion of foreign workers, they assigned him to reinforce a train line, there the Nazis took him and sent him to various camps, he passed through Mauthausen and, later, on February 15, 1941, they sent him to the concentration camp of Gusen”, he says.

When the German authorities contacted the Franco dictatorship to determine the fate of the Spanish prisoners, the Franco government refused to protect them . "They did not have the protection of Spain, the authorities were informed but they abstained, despite the fact that there were even minor prisoners," historian Benito Bermejo, who specializes in the study of Spanish deportees, tells elDiario.es.

Félix Quesada was one of those prisoners. He was 14 years old when he entered the Nazi camp at Mauthausen. "He came out alive, which is unusual, because two thirds of the Spaniards died in those camps," says Bermejo. Most of the fatalities died of hunger, by forced labor – what the Nazis called 'extermination by work' – or by disease, without medical care.

German Nazis called the Spanish "those of red Spain".

This Tuesday a tribute was held around several 'Stolpersteine' in Madrid. Here, the one dedicated to Enrique Calcerrada, installed on Bravo Murillo street, where he lived before his deportation to Mauthausen.

"About 450 Spaniards were directly killed in the gas chamber, about 40 kilometers from Mauthausen," reports Bermejo. “It is possible that in some cases they were already on their last legs, but they thought it convenient to gas them, possibly for an experimental purpose, to take note of how those procedures that they were developing to kill people on a large scale worked, which they would later put into practice to from 1942, mainly for the extermination of the Jews”, he indicates.
“Those 450 gassed Spaniards were experimental material for those subsequent extermination practices. Even the technical team in charge of carrying them out was the same, which would move further east, to the fields of Poland, where large-scale killings in gas chambers began to be practiced, ”he notes.


Juan Antonio García, the grandfather of Miguel Nogués, was murdered in Gusen on December 23, 1941, at the age of 48. "He entered through the door and years later he came out through the chimney," says Nogués with an emotional voice.
“The entry camp for the Spaniards was Mauthausen, but Gusen [adjacent subcamp] was the scene of the great massacres of Spaniards, between November 1941 and February 1942. It is not very visible, despite the fact that it was much larger and provided more benefits to the Nazis,” he explains.

'Stones of memory' before being installed to commemorate Republican Spaniards deported to Nazi concentration camps 'Stolpersteine' movement in Spain



Behind the Nazi camps, stateless

Gusen was once deployed in three fields: Gusen 1, 2 and 3, which housed three quarries and a network of tunnels built when the allies began to bombard the area. "In those tunnels, the prisoners built parts of the Nazi planes, which were then assembled outside the camp," he says.

Nogués is one of the plaintiffs in the Argentine complaint that investigates the crimes against the Franco regime. “Several families of deported Spaniards filed the complaint last year, in February, and we are waiting for the judge to take a statement from us,” he explains. “What the Spanish survivors said when they left the Nazi camps was: 'Tell it.' But that request was not respected, and what remained in the entire temporal space was silence, even now. And that is the most terrible thing,” he denounces.
“By keeping the story anonymous, no justice of any kind has been done,” adds Nogués, and continues: “We must not forget that when they left the camps, on May 5, 1945, called Liberation Day, for them there was no liberation as such, because they had nowhere to go, they could not return to their country because the Franco dictatorship prevented them, they were stateless, they were in a more terrible and undignified situation than others could have”.

Installation of a 'Stolpersteine' in Madrid in 2019, the year in which several were placed. ARMH

 

[ButterflyEffect]

Well if his point was that some people will do or say anything to keep their base riled up and get money and power and hope to be re-elected then yeah yesterday was a perfect example of that but that's not what I got out of his reply to your reply to my reply to Gypsy.

Ow! That made my head hurt! But seriously, what did you think I said? I'm fairly certain that I either explained something incorrectly or maybe I meant to quote someone else. I'm on board with you and your posts so I'm not really sure. The pages of this thread go by so quickly!

 

[h.h.]

Ow! That made my head hurt! But seriously, what did you think I said? I'm fairly certain that I either explained something incorrectly or maybe I meant to quote someone else. I'm on board with you and your posts so I'm not really sure. The pages of this thread go by so quickly!

I was replying to Hemp in the post that evoked your comments. On appearance , I think it was easy to misconstrue. Not the words, but the order in came in. Sometimes that happens. I doubt it was your intent.

These threads do get off subject. While they might get buried in nonsense, they also rise to the top in the process.

I use the ignore feature to quite some of the nonsensical chatter. You’ll hear comments about only hearing one side, but that’s just more nonsense to keep their audience. They love telling you to ignore the media and to believe what they say. I guess somebody did it to them. Short answer though. Use the “ignore”. Another one will come along anyway. Spouting the same nonsense over again. You won’t miss them. I certainly wouldn’t take grow advice from them. They’re useless to me. I think you’ll maybe find the same thing.

 

[flylowgethigh]

Liberals like hh should put their azz where their mouth is, and join this fool.

https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/20...race-go-fight-ukraine-despite-no-ties-nation/

 

[Montuno]

SPANISH POLITICS - WESTERN SAHARA WAR :

"When you see the Saharian haze, remember the betrayal of the Saharawi people": Rufián's criticism of the Government with a message for the rest of the left

The ERC spokesman in Congress has starred in one of the most applauded interpellations in networks of the control session to the Government

Pro-Saharawi demonstration in Spain.

Gabriel Rufián (Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya)

The allies in the Government of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, Podemos and Izquierda Unida, against the sudden turn of their ally.

Chain BE03/23/2022 - 10:16 CEST
Madrid

The ERC spokesman in Congress, Gabriel Rufián , has been very direct in his question to Pedro Sánchez this Wednesday: "Who is going to pay for the effects of this war?" He wanted to know in this week's control session. After a response from the president that did not convince him, the Catalan deputy reflected on the position of the left in the face of the irruption of the extreme right on the political board with high doses of self-criticism: "Aren't you tired of seing that the far right grows? To see someone like Abascal coming ,(VOX ultra-right) who has never worked in his life, and who week after week votes against the interests of the working class and instead walks through working class demonstrations? Aren't you fed up?" he asked insistently.

Rufián tried to respond to this situation: "Do you know why this happens? First, because nobody understands us on the left. We don't know how to explain ourselves. Second, because we talk about issues that don't interest anyone. It's hard. Do you know what What interests people? What interests people is that electricity has risen 80% in the last year, that butane has risen 33% in the last year and that gasoline has risen 30% in the last year ".
In his interpellation, he also left a series of measures to be applied: "Left lords —I'm also fed up and I include myself— we have to stop being active exclusively in morality and we have to start being active in utility, too, in We must cap prices, we must publicly control electricity companies and, above all, ladies and gentlemen, we must stop talking about taxes on the poor, and also talk about taxes on the rich".

Finally, he left a final criticism of the Government's support for Morocco's proposal on the Sahara: "The Saharian haze still lasts in Madrid. When you see it, remember the betrayal of the Saharawi people," he sentenced.

https://cadenaser.com/tag/sahara_occidental/a/

Pro-Saharawi demonstrations on different dates and in different parts of Spain: