... sig ...

Mtn. Nectar · Thursday at 11:44 AM

your gramps and me would have gotten along well…..
have had Karelian bear dogs…one of the breeds at least when I was working with in 80’s was still very feral and highly instinctual when it came to its job at hand….
Ovcharka…. used in Russian prisons and a guardian of stock … had few… can be very rough but lovable to owners….few Turkish Kangal, Presa Canarios…Filas…. but the little Jagdterriers from Yugoslavia are some of the hardest working dogs ever encountered… straight up make most run for cover…. buzz saw and never laughed harder watching a full grown Dane with tail tucked running for its life…
you are correct in unless a dog will fight for himself he sure as hell won’t for you…

acespicoli · 2025-03-18T16:18:26+0000

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evolution from basal to highly worked domesticated lines
I want to find one leaf to thirteen, 13+ leaf cannabis if anyone has a interest let me know
from post #1

acespicoli · 2025-03-18T18:02:43+0000

Subeshi culture - Wikipedia

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Nomadic empire - Wikipedia

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Cone-shaped_high-peaked_hat,_Subeshi_cemetery.jpg

Perspective_drawing_of_M90_in_No.1_Plateau,_Yanghai_Cemetery.jpg

Buckle_boar_hunting_NMAT_48-8_n06_(composite).jpg

acespicoli · 2025-03-18T18:05:12+0000

Phrygian cap - Wikipedia

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Witch hat - Wikipedia

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List of Buddhist temples in Mongolia - Wikipedia

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acespicoli · 2025-03-18T18:21:08+0000

Symbolism
The Soyombo has ten elements in the columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric symbols and patterns. They are fire, sun, crescent moon, two triangles, two horizontal rectangles, the Taijitu (yin and yang), and two vertical rectangles. The elements in the symbol are given the following significance (from top):

Fire is a general symbol of eternal growth, wealth, and success. The three tongues of the flame represent the past, present, and future.
Sun (●) and crescent moon symbolizes the existence of the Mongolian nation for eternity as the eternal blue sky. Mongolian symbol of the sun, crescent moon and fire derived from the Xiongnu.[citation needed]
The two triangles (▼) allude to the point of an arrow or spear. They point downward to announce the defeat of interior and exterior enemies.
The two horizontal rectangles (▬) give stability to the round shape. The rectangular shape represents the honesty and justice of the people of Mongolia, whether they stand at the top or at the bottom of society.
The Taijitu symbol (☯) illustrates the mutual complement of opposites. It is interpreted as two fish, symbolizing vigilance, because fish never close their eyes.
The two vertical rectangles (▮) can be interpreted as the walls of a fort. They represent unity and strength, relating to a Mongolian proverb: "The friendship of two is stronger than stone walls."[1]

Soyombo symbol - Wikipedia

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acespicoli · 2025-03-18T18:25:59+0000

acespicoli · 2025-03-18T18:33:53+0000

Origins of cannabis traced back 28 million years to the Tibetan Plateau
Chrissy Sexton
ByChrissy Sexton
Earth.com staff writer
Origins of cannabis traced back 28 million years to the Tibetan Plateau. A research team led by the University of Vermont has reviewed more than 150 existing fossil pollen studies in an effort to better understand the human-related history and evolution of cannabis in Asia.

The experts traced the origin of cannabis back 28 million years to a region that sits 10,700 feet above sea level on the the Tibetan Plateau. The distribution of the pollen indicates that cannabis likely emerged near the Qinghai Lake.

This region is only a few hundred kilometers northwest of the Baishiya Karst Cave, which was inhabited by Denisovans at least 160,000 years ago. At this time, however, the planet was in the midst of an ice age and it is not known whether cannabis could have persisted in the harsh conditions. Origins of cannabis traced back 28 million years to the Tibetan Plateau

The researchers also found evidence that the cannabis strain of hemp first spread to Europe, followed by China and then into India. This movement was facilitated by the formation of the Tibetan Plateau, which occurred when the Indian and Asian land masses collided.

“Early floristic exchanges between India and Asia were shaped by plate tectonics,” wrote the researchers. As the Indian plate migrated towards the Asian plate, it made a ‘glancing contact’ with Sumatra 57 (million years ago), followed by Burma, and then a ‘hard collision’ with Tibet 35 (million years ago).”

“The glancing contact between continents resulted in floristic exchanges during the Eocene. Cannabis holds significance in human history and life today as a triple-use crop. First, its fruits (seeds) provide valuable protein and essential fatty acids.”

The study is published in the journal Vegetation History and Archaeobotany.

—

By Chrissy Sexton, Earth.com Staff Writer

Baishiya Karst Cave - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Cannabis in Asia: its center of origin and early cultivation, based on a synthesis of subfossil pollen and archaeobotanical studies - Vegetation History and Archaeobotany

Biogeographers assign the Cannabis centre of origin to “Central Asia”, mostly based on wild-type plant distribution data. We sought greater precision by adding new data: 155 fossil pollen studies (FPSs) in Asia. Many FPSs assign pollen of either Cannabis or Humulus (C–H) to collective names...

link.springer.com

Denisova Cave - Wikipedia

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Denny (Denisova 11) is an ~90,000 year old fossil specimen belonging to a ~13-year-old Neanderthal-Denisovan hybrid girl.[1][2] To date, she is the only first-generation hybrid hominin ever discovered.[3] Denny’s remains consist of a single fossilized fragment of a long bone discovered among over 2,000 visually unidentifiable fragments excavated at the Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains, Russia in 2012.[2]

Hybrid vigor ...

Denny (hybrid hominin) - Wikipedia

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These surprising genomic data has caused some paleontologists to speculate that interspecies mating between Denisovans and Neanderthals could have occurred with some frequency during several periods of contact over many thousands of years.[3] Additionally, these findings lend support to the hypothesis that similar patterns of admixture, or interbreeding between archaic and modern humans, may have resulted in the partial absorption of Denisovans and Neanderthals into modern human populations.[3]

acespicoli · 2025-03-18T18:50:12+0000

Begtse - Wikipedia

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The term "devil dance" was an early 20th century description of the performance, derived from Western perceptions of the costumes worn by performers.[5]

Cham dance - Wikipedia

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Phylogeny
Cannabis likely split from its closest relative, Humulus (hops), during the mid Oligocene, around 27.8 million years ago according to molecular clock estimates. The centre of origin of Cannabis is likely in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The pollen of Humulus and Cannabis are very similar and difficult to distinguish. The oldest pollen thought to be from Cannabis is from Ningxia, China, on the boundary between the Tibetan Plateau and the Loess Plateau, dating to the early Miocene, around 19.6 million years ago. Cannabis was widely distributed over Asia by the Late Pleistocene. The oldest known Cannabis in South Asia dates to around 32,000 years ago.[92]

Cannabis - Wikipedia

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Incense burner - Gandantegchinlen_Monastery_14.jpg

Taoism
Beginning around the 4th century, Taoist texts mentioned using cannabis in censers. Needham cited the (ca. 570 AD) Taoist encyclopedia Wushang Biyao (Chinese: 無上秘要) ("Supreme Secret Essentials") that cannabis was added into ritual incense-burners, and suggested the ancient Taoists experimented systematically with "hallucinogenic smokes".[65] The Yuanshi shangzhen zhongxian ji 元始上真眾仙記 ("Records of the Assemblies of the Perfected Immortals"), which is attributed to Ge Hong (283-343), says:

For those who begin practicing the Tao it is not necessary to go into the mountains. … Some with purifying incense and sprinkling and sweeping are also able to call down the Perfected Immortals. The followers of the Lady Wei and of Hsu are of this kind.[66]
Lady Wei Huacun (Chinese: 魏華存) (252-334) and Xu Mi (Chinese: 許謐) (303-376) founded the Taoist Shangqing School. The Shangqing scriptures were supposedly dictated to Yang Xi (Chinese: 楊羲) (330-c. 386) in nightly revelations from immortals, and Needham proposed Yang was "aided almost certainly by cannabis". The Mingyi bielu (Chinese: 名醫別錄) ("Supplementary Records of Famous Physicians"), written by the Taoist pharmacologist Tao Hongjing (456-536), who also wrote the first commentaries to the Shangqing canon, says, "Hemp-seeds (Chinese: 麻勃) are very little used in medicine, but the magician-technicians (shujia 術家) say that if one consumes them with ginseng it will give one preternatural knowledge of events in the future."[67][68] A 6th-century AD Taoist medical work, the Wuzangjing (Chinese: 五臟經) ("Five Viscera Classic") says, "If you wish to command demonic apparitions to present themselves you should constantly eat the inflorescences of the hemp plant."[69]

Joseph Needham connected myths about Magu, "the Hemp Damsel", with early Daoist religious usages of cannabis, pointing out that Magu was goddess of Shandong's sacred Mount Tai, where cannabis "was supposed to be gathered on the seventh day of the seventh month, a day of seance banquets in the Taoist communities."[70]

One of 10 ancient Chinese incense burners, known as braziers, found in the 2,500-year-old cemetery with burned cannabis residues high in THC.
Update: On June 12, 2019, archaeologists reported a new and striking discovery in the Xinjiang province: 10 wooden incense burners, known as braziers, with cannabis residues inside eight tombs in the Jirzankal Cemetery dating back to 500 BC, which is the same time period when the previous plant material was found. Tests determined that there were higher levels of THC than in the past, leading to the speculation that the cannabis was used (but not literally smoked) for intoxication purposes.

“We can start to piece together an image of funerary rites that included flames, rhythmic music and hallucinogen smoke, all intended to guide people into an altered state of mind,” the researchers write in the study published in the journal Science Advances.

In 2016, Archeologists found 13 well-preserved cannabis plants at a 2,500-year-old burial site in Western China. Writing in the journal Economic Botany, researchers described the discovery as “an extraordinary cache of ancient, well-preserved Cannabis” that “appear to have been locally produced and purposefully arranged and used as a burial shroud.” The plants were displayed on top of a corpse in a tomb at Jiayi cemetery in Turpan in the Xinjiang region.

In 2008, archeologists discovered another cache of ancient cannabis in the area in the grave of a shaman. Xinjiang has a long history with cannabis—from the ancient Subeixi culture to the Muslim Uyghurs who continue their tradition of hash-making to this day.

Ancient cannabis stalks and leaves found amongst bones in Western China in 2016.

The plant finding marks the first time complete cannabis material from this time period has been discovered. It also confirms what archeologists have long suspected: that cannabis was cultivated in the region at the time. And like previous parts of ancient cannabis plants that were found, “researchers suspect that this marijuana was grown and harvested for its psychoactive resin,” reports National Geographic.

While cannabis plants have many uses, scientists think that this ancient population cultivated cannabis for its psychoactive properties since they haven’t located any hemp textiles in the area, and the seeds are too small to serve as a source of nutrition. The flowers of the discovered plants were resinous and hairy, and so well preserved that the trichomes were still visible.

Other archeological evidence from Eurasia had residue of opium and cannabis that were apparently used for “drug-fueled rituals.” Ancient Chinese medicine texts also contained references to the psychoactivity of cannabis and other plants, Freedom Leaf previously reported.

Earlier in 2016, a review of archeological records suggested that cannabis may have played a crucial role in human migration patterns 5,000 years ago. The early migrants’ routes eventually evolved into the Silk Road. The research suggests that the cannabis trade may have helped fuel this ancient migration that contributed to the rise of European and Asian civilizations.

“The two things happened at the same time,” reports the Influence. “The Yamnaya spread out across the continent, and cannabis cultivation flourished in their wake.”

COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Reliëf_met_Lokapala_op_de_aan_Shiva_gewijde_tempel_op_de_Candi_Lara_Jon...jpg

Lokapala - Wikipedia

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acespicoli · 2025-03-18T18:58:59+0000

Mount Meru (Sanskrit/Pali: मेरु)—also known as Sumeru, Sineru or Mahāmeru—is a sacred, five-peaked mountain present within Hindu, Jain and Buddhist cosmologies, revered as the centre of all physical, metaphysical and spiritual universes.[1] It is professed to be located at the junction of the four great cosmic continents—Pubbavideha Dīpa, Uttarakuru Dīpa, Amaragoyāna Dīpa and Jambu Dīpa. Despite not having a clearly identified or known geophysical location, Mount Meru is, nevertheless, always thought of as being either in the Himalayan Mountains or the Aravalli Range (in western India). Mount Meru is also mentioned in scriptures of other, external religions to India, such as Taoism—which was influenced, itself, by the arrival of Buddhism in China.[2]

Many Hindu, Jain and Buddhist temples have been built as symbolic representations of Mount Meru. The "Sumeru Throne" (zh:须弥座; xūmízuò) style is a common feature[citation needed] of Chinese pagodas. The highest point (the finial bud) on the pyatthat, a Burmese-style multi-tiered roof, represents Mount Meru.

Mount Meru - Wikipedia

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acespicoli · 2025-03-18T19:01:57+0000

Tibet Autonomous Region - Wikipedia

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Mongolia - Wikipedia

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acespicoli · 2025-03-19T00:18:49+0000

Buddhist manuscripts in Gāndhāri

Until 1994, the only Gāndhāri manuscript available to the scholars was a birch bark manuscript of a Buddhist text, the Dharmapāda, discovered at Kohmāri Mazār near Hotan in Xinjiang in 1893 CE. From 1994 on, a large number of fragmentary manuscripts of Buddhist texts, seventy-seven altogether,[26] were discovered in eastern Afghanistan and Western Pakistan. These include:[27]

29 fragments of birch-bark scrolls of British Library collection consisting of parts of the Dharmapada, Anavatapta Gāthā, the Rhinoceros Sūtra, Sangitiparyaya and a collection of sutras from the Ekottara Āgama.
129 fragments of palm leaf folios of Schøyen Collection, 27 fragments of palm-leaf folios of Hirayama collection and 18 fragments of palm leaf folios of Hayashidera collection consisting of the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra and the Bhadrakalpikā Sūtra.
24 birch-bark scrolls of Senior collection consists of mostly different sutras and the Anavatapta Gāthā.
8 fragments of a single birch-bark scroll and 2 small fragments of another scroll of University of Washington collection consisting of probably an Abhidharma text or other scholastic commentaries.

Translations from Gāndhāri

Mahayana Buddhist Pure Land sūtras were brought from Gandhāra to China as early as 147 CE, when the Kushan monk Lokakṣema began translating the first Buddhist sutras into Chinese.[28][29] The earliest of these translations show evidence of having been translated from Gāndhārī.[30] It is also known that manuscripts in the Kharoṣṭhī script existed in China during this period.[31]

The Vedas

The earliest application to the formal division into four social classes (without using the term varna) appears in the late Rigvedic Purusha Sukta (RV 10.90.11–12), which has the Brahman, Rajanya (instead of Kshatriya), Vaishya and Shudra classes forming the mouth, arms, thighs and feet at the sacrifice of the primordial Purusha, respectively:[17]

Purusha - Wikipedia

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Purusha is the plural immobile cosmic principle, pure consciousness

11. When they divided Purusa how many portions did they make?
What do they call his mouth, his arms? What do they call his thighs and feet?
12. The Brahman was his mouth, of both his arms was the Rajanya made.
His thighs became the Vaishya, from his feet the Shudra was produced.[17]

Shudra or Shoodra[1] (Sanskrit: Śūdra[2]) is one of the four varnas of the Hindu class and social system in ancient India.[3][4] Some sources translate it into English as a caste,[4] or as a social class. Theoretically, Shudras constituted a class like workers.[2][5][6]

acespicoli · 2025-03-19T13:52:40+0000

Then I saw when the Lamb broke one of the seven seals, and I heard one of the four living creatures saying as with a voice of thunder, "Come!" I looked, and behold, a white horse, and he who sat on it had a bow; and a crown was given to him, and he went out conquering and to conquer.

— Revelation 6:1–2 New American Standard Bible[10] (Kings)

When He broke the second seal, I heard the second living creature saying, "Come". And another, a red horse, went out; and to him who sat on it, it was granted to take peace from Earth, and that men would slay one another; and a great sword was given to him.

— Revelation 6:3–4 NASB[30] (Nobles)

When He broke the third seal, I heard the third living creature saying, "Come". I looked, and behold, a black horse; and he who sat on it had a pair of scales in his hand. And I heard something like a voice in the center of the four living creatures saying, "A quart of wheat for a denarius, and three quarts of barley for a denarius; but do not damage the oil and the wine".

— Revelation 6:5–6 NASB[39] (Merchants)

When the Lamb broke the fourth seal, I heard the voice of the fourth living creature saying, "Come". I looked, and behold, an ashen horse; and he who sat on it had the name Death; and Hades was following with him. Authority was given to them over a fourth of the Earth, to kill with sword and with famine and with pestilence and by the wild beasts of the Earth.

— Revelation 6:7–8 (New American Standard Bible)[46] (Peasants)

Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse - Wikipedia

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In modern Western societies, social stratification is defined in terms of three social classes: an upper class, a middle class, and a lower class; in turn, each class can be subdivided into an upper-stratum, a middle-stratum, and a lower stratum.[5] Moreover, a social stratum can be formed upon the bases of kinship, clan, tribe, or caste, or all four.

Social stratification - Wikipedia

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Brahmin - Wikipedia

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In Kashmir Shaivism,
Purusha is enveloped in five sheaths of

time (kāla),
desire (raga),
restriction (niyati),
knowledge (vidyā) and
separatedness (kalā);

it is the universal Self (paramātman) under limitations as many individual Selfs (jīvātman).[6]

Paramātmā is the absolute Atman, or supreme Self

Ātman (Hinduism) - Wikipedia

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Manu (Hinduism) - Wikipedia

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Adam - Wikipedia

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acespicoli · 2025-03-19T14:28:56+0000

64 Arts

Kalki-will-play-on-the-64-white-and-black-square-chess-board-Invisible-hands-moving-the-pieces...png

While the concept of 64 Jyotirlingas exists in Hindu tradition, the 12 Jyotirlingas are the most revered and widely known.
Here's a breakdown:

64 Jyotirlingas:
The idea of 64 Jyotirlingas, or sacred shrines of Shiva, is mentioned in some Hindu texts.
12 Revered Jyotirlingas:
Out of these 64, 12 are considered particularly auspicious and are the most commonly known and visited.
Examples of 12 Jyotirlingas:

In the Puranas, Kalki is depicted as the avatar who will rejuvenate existence by ending the darkest period of adharma (unrighteousness) and restoring dharma (righteousness).
He is described as riding a white horse named Devadatta and wielding a fiery sword.[2]

Kalki - Wikipedia

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Puranas - Wikipedia

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acespicoli · 2025-03-19T15:25:31+0000

The Mahabharata links the origin of Dravidas with sage Vasishtha. Vishvamitra, a king in the Chandravamshi Amavasu clan, attacked the cow of Vasishtha. Then many armies emerged for the protection of that cow and they attacked the armies of Vishvamitra.

Other kingdoms that were mentioned along with the Dravidas in this incident were Sakas, Yavanas, Savaras, Kanchis, Paundras and Kiratas, Nishada, and Sinhalas, and the barbarous kingdoms of Khasas, Chivukas, Pulindas, Chinas Hunas with Keralas, and Mleecchas.

Dravida kingdom - Wikipedia

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Shatkona - Wikipedia

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Star of David - Wikipedia

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Sakas in the Mahabharata - Wikipedia

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acespicoli · 2025-03-19T15:30:55+0000

Turkish Landrace Photo by @christalin

collected by christalin at the source wild

breed by Underground Seeds Collective

Basic infos

Turkish Landrace is an indica from Underground Seeds Collective and can be cultivated indoors, outdoors and greenhouse (Where the plants will need a flowering time of ±53 days) Underground Seeds Collective's Turkish Landrace is/was never available as feminized seeds.

Underground Seeds Collective Description

Turkish Landrace from Underground Seeds, is a 100% Indica genetics originary from Turkey.

The growth pattern of this strain is typical of Indica varieties, growing short and compact and flowering really fast.

Indeed, Turkish Landrace needs around 7-8 weeks of bloom to fully ripe, and the amount of trichomes produced will delight all lovers of resin concentrates.

The taste is reminiscent of old school hashish, floral, sweet and earthy. The effect is deeply relaxing and sedative.

Assyrian people - Wikipedia

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Herodotus wrote that the name of the Cappadocians was applied to them by the Persians, while they were termed by the Greeks "White Syrians" (Leucosyri),[10] who were most probably descendants of the Hittites.[11] One of the Cappadocian tribes he mentions is the Moschoi, associated by Flavius Josephus with the biblical figure Meshech, son of Japheth: "and the Mosocheni were founded by Mosoch; now they are Cappadocians". AotJ I:6.

Cappadocia - Wikipedia

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acespicoli · 2025-03-19T16:00:24+0000

Bhaktivinoda Thakura proposed the following ordering of the Dashavataras:

Matsya - fish (Paleozoic era)
Kurma - amphibious tortoise (Mesozoic era)[70][71]
Varaha - boar (Cenozoic era)[70][71]
Narasimha - man-lion, the last animal and semi-human avatar (Cenozoic era)[70][71]
Vamana - growing dwarf and first step towards the human form
Parashurama - an early man who started using primitive weapons like Axe
Rama - an ideal hero, physically perfect, befriends a speaking vanara deity Hanuman
Krishna - Vishnu incarnating as a God[70][71]
Buddha - the founder of Buddhism, an enlightened man
Kalki - the next step in evolution; yet to happen and the savior, and is like Christian Advent, which Madame Blavatsky believed Christians "undoubtedly copied from the Hindus"[70][71]

Buddhism (/ˈbʊdɪzəm/ BUUD-ih-zəm, US also /ˈbuːd-/ BOOD-),[1][2][3] also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion [a] and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.[7] It is the world's fourth-largest religion,[8][9] with almost 500 million followers, known as Buddhists, who comprise seven percent of the global population.[10][11] It arose in the eastern Gangetic plain