No Big Bang? Quantum equation predicts universe has no beginning

[HempKat]

I flew to Cancun Mexico from Cali a while back, I had a window seat and was surprised to see that every time I looked down all I saw was green. This went on for about 6 hours. No people, no houses, no lights, no nada except for green. An acquaintance of mine told me about a 36 hour train ride is Russia where all he saw was pine trees and snow. Look at earth from space, most land is uninhabited and green. What's killing the earth is irresponsible industrialization. There's plenty of room for everyone if we learn to live responsibly. The third world should sterilize us and continue to have kids and enjoy life. My Mom always warned me that the world wasn't fair though so....

The fact that you can see a lot of undeveloped land in various parts of the world does not mean the world is not over populated. If you did away with skyscrapers that allow people to live one on top of another and gave everyone a single family home on approximately 1/3rd acre of land (average single family home yard size) you would see much if not all of that undeveloped land disappear. The issue isn't that the world can't support the population we have now but rather can't support the population that is coming very soon. It took us from the beginning of Man until 1960 to reach 3 Billion. It only took from 1960 to 1999 to double that. The population is growing exponentially and the world's renewable resources can't keep up.

 

[genedigger]

theres a lot more than a few christians stopping stem cell research,there is some countries in europe and even isreal that are making major breakthroughs in that field

 

[genedigger]

to use the argument some christians were involved in this or that which you deem bad is no different than the anti pot mom who shows a representation of a stoner as all strung out melted to the couch looking,when in reality the vast majority of folks that use cannabis are very intelligent.this website is proof to me and im not being funny.there is some wicked brains on here.you know who you are.

 

[Skinny Leaf]

I am witnessing evolution in our family's pet rabbit. On at least 6 occasions I have seen it stand on its hind legs. We are seeking a female rabbit that shows the same trait. Hopefully, the offspring from these two rabbits will lead to rabbits walking upright.

 

[Weird]

Science requires that it measure ever facet of correlation within causation. philosophies do not.

Science id starting to realize that correlation does mean causation on the quantum level

http://perimeterinstitute.ca/node/95697

Quantum Cause and Effect

March 23, 2015









Correlation does not imply causation – unless it’s quantum. That’s the message of surprising new work from Perimeter Institute and the Institute for Quantum Computing.



Does taking a drug and then getting better mean that the drug made you better? Did that tax cut really stimulate the economy or did it recover on its own? The problem of answering such questions – of inferring causal relationships from correlations – reaches across the sciences, and beyond.
Normally, correlation by itself does not imply causation. But new research from Perimeter Institute and the Institute for Quantum Computing (IQC) has found that in the case of quantum variables, it sometimes can.
The new work, just published in Nature Physics, is the result of a collaboration between Perimeter Faculty member Robert Spekkens, IQC Faculty member Kevin Resch, PhD student Katja Ried, MSc students Megan Agnew and Lydia Vermeyden, and Max Planck Institute senior research scientist Dominik Janzing.
As a practical illustration of the difference between correlation and causation, consider a drug trial: some people take a drug, and some of them get better. Even more promising, the doctors find that among people who took the drug, 60 percent recover; among people who didn’t take the drug, only 40 percent recover. What conclusions can the doctors draw?
At first blush, it may look as if the drug caused the recovery, but the doctors would need more information before drawing that conclusion. It might be that more men than women chose to take the drug, and more men than women tended to spontaneously recover. In that case, a common cause, gender, could potentially explain the correlation.
This imaginary drug trial shows how tricky it can be to distinguish cause-effect correlations from correlations springing from common causes. That’s why the caution “correlation does not imply causation” is drilled into the heads of every researcher for whom statistics is of even passing importance.
Over the last century, scientists, mathematicians, and philosophers have developed a powerful toolkit for untangling webs of cause, effect, and correlation in even the most complex evolving system. The case of systems with only two variables – like the drug trial above – turns out to be the hardest one.
If you want to avoid introducing assumptions about what’s happening, you need to intervene on variable A – in this case, taking the drug. That’s why a real drug trial would be carefully randomized, assigning some people to take the drug and others to take a placebo. Only active intervention on variable A can establish its causal relationship with variable B.
But what of quantum variables? This new research shows that certain kinds of quantum correlations do imply causation – even without the kind of active intervention that classical variables require.
The new research is both theoretical and experimental. Ried, Spekkens, and Janzing worked from the theoretical end. They considered the situation of an observer who has probed two quantum variables – say, the polarization properties of two photons – and found that they are correlated. The measurement is carried out at two points in time, but the observer doesn’t know if she’s looking at the same photon twice (that is, probing a cause-effect relationship) or looking at a pair of photons in an entangled state (that is, probing a common cause relationship).
The theorists’ crucial insight was that the correlations measured between a photon at one time and the same photon at another time had a different pattern than the correlations measured between two entangled photons. In other words, they discovered that, under the right circumstances, they could tell cause-effect from common cause.
Meanwhile, at the Institute for Quantum Computing, Agnew, Vermeyden, and Resch had the tools to put this remarkable idea to the test. They built an apparatus that could generate two entangled photons, A and B. They measured A, and then sent the pair through a gate that either transmitted photon A, or switched photon A and photon B and transmitted B.
Crucially, this gate could swap between the two scenarios, choosing one or the other based on the output of a random number generator. On the other side of this gate, the researchers conducted another measurement while blind to which photon they measured. Just as the theorists predicted, they saw two distinct patterns of correlation emerge.
This means that researchers measuring quantum variables can do something researchers measuring classical variables cannot: tell the difference between cause-effect and common cause in a system with only two variables, without making an active intervention on the first variable.
This discovery has significance for both quantum information and quantum foundations.
The work establishes a new class of things that quantum systems can do which classical systems cannot. It’s too early to say how that may play out, but such quantum advantages underpin the promise of quantum technologies: quantum entanglement, for instance, underlies quantum cryptography, and quantum superposition underlies quantum computation.
The discovery of new quantum advantages has historically led to interesting places, and the researchers are hopeful that this new quantum advantage will follow suit.
For those interested in quantum foundations, this work provides a new framework to ask basic questions about quantum mechanics. There is a lively and long-standing debate in the field concerning which quantum concepts are about reality, and which are about our knowledge of reality – for instance, whether the quantum uncertainty about (say) the polarization of a photon means that the photon itself has no defined polarization, or if it means that the observer of such a photon has limited knowledge.
Because correlations are about what observers can infer, while causal relations are about the physical relations among systems, this research opens a new window on such questions.
The team describes the work as opening the door to many more lines of inquiry, such as: How can these techniques be generalized to scenarios involving more than two systems? Is the menu of possible causal relations between quantum systems larger than between classical systems? And most broadly and excitingly: How should we understand causality in a quantum world?
– Erin Bow

 

[Weird]

As far as human evolution, We are evolving at a faster rate.

well, some of us at least.


http://www.wired.com/2012/11/recent-human-evolution-2

Human Evolution Enters an Exciting New Phase
Click to Open Overlay GalleryImage: Kevin Dooley/Flickr

If you could escape the human time scale for a moment, and regard evolution from the perspective of deep time, in which the last 10,000 years are a short chapter in a long saga, you’d say: Things are pretty wild right now.

In the most massive study of genetic variation yet, researchers estimated the age of more than one million variants, or changes to our DNA code, found across human populations. The vast majority proved to be quite young. The chronologies tell a story of evolutionary dynamics in recent human history, a period characterized by both narrow reproductive bottlenecks and sudden, enormous population growth.

The evolutionary dynamics of these features resulted in a flood of new genetic variation, accumulating so fast that natural selection hasn’t caught up yet. As a species, we are freshly bursting with the raw material of evolution.

“Most of the mutations that we found arose in the last 200 generations or so. There hasn’t been much time for random change or deterministic change through natural selection,” said geneticist Joshua Akey of the University of Washington, co-author of the Nov. 28 Nature study. “We have a repository of all this new variation for humanity to use as a substrate. In a way, we’re more evolvable now than at any time in our history.”

Akey specializes in what’s known as rare variation, or changes in DNA that are found in perhaps one in 100 people, or even fewer. For practical reasons, rare variants have only been studied in earnest for the last several years. Before then, it was simply too expensive. Genomics focused mostly on what are known as common variants.

However, as dramatically illustrated by a landmark series of papers to appear this year — by Alon Keinan and Andrew Clark, by Matt Nelson and John Novembre, and another by Akey’s group, all appearing in Science, along with new results from the humanity-spanning 1,000 Genomes Project — common variants are just a small part of the big picture. They’re vastly outnumbered by rare variants, and tend to have weaker effects.

The medical implications of this realization are profound. The previously unappreciated significance of rare variation could explain much of why scientists have struggled to identify more than a small fraction of the genetic components of common, complex disease, limiting the predictive value of genomics.
'The genetic potential of our population is vastly different than what it was 10,000 years ago.'
But these findings can also been seen from another angle. They teach us about human evolution, in particular the course it’s taken since modern Homo sapiens migrated out of Africa, learned to farm, and became the planet’s dominant life form.

“We’ve gone from several hundred million people to seven billion in a blink of evolutionary time,” said Akey. “That’s had a profound effect on structuring the variation present in our species.”

Akey isn’t the first scientist to use modern genetic data as a window into recent and ongoing human evolution, nor the first to root rare variation in humanity’s post-Ice Age population boom. The new study’s insights reside in its depth and detail.

The researchers sequenced in exhaustive detail protein-coding genes from 6,515 people, compiling a list of every DNA variation they found — 1,146,401 in all, of which 73 percent were rare. To these they applied a type of statistical analysis, customized for human populations but better known from studies of animal evolution, that infers ancestral relationships from existing genetic patterns.

“There were other hints of what’s going on, but nobody has studied such a massive number of coding regions from such a high number of individuals,” said geneticist Sarah Tishkoff of the University of Pennsylvania.

Akey’s group found that rare variations tended to be relatively new, with some 73 percent of all genetic variation arising in just the last 5,000 years. Of variations that seem likely to cause harm, a full 91 percent emerged in this time.

Why is this? Much of it is a function of population growth. Part of it is straightforward population growth. Just 10,000 years ago, at the end of the last Ice Age, there were roughly 5 million humans on Earth. Now there are 7 billion. With each instance of reproduction, a few random variations emerge; multiply that across humanity’s expanding numbers, and enormous amounts of variation are generated.

Also playing a role are the dynamics of bottlenecks, or periods when populations are reduced to a small number. The out-of-Africa migration represents one such bottleneck, and others have occurred during times of geographic and cultural isolation. Scientists have shown that when populations are small, natural selection actually becomes weaker, and the effects of randomness grow more powerful.

Put these dynamics together, and the Homo sapiens narrative that emerges is one in which, for non-African populations, the out-of-Africa bottleneck created a period in which natural selection’s effects diminished, followed by a global population boom and its attendant wave of new variation.

The result, calculated Akey, is that people of European descent have five times as many gene variants as they would if population growth had been slow and steady. People of African descent, whose ancestors didn’t go through that original bottleneck, have somewhat less new variation, but it’s still a large amount: three times more variation than would have accumulated under slow-growth conditions.

Natural selection never stopped acting, of course. New mutations with especially beneficial effects, such as lactose tolerance, still spread rapidly, while those with immediately harmful consequences likely vanished within a few generations of appearing. But most variation has small, subtle effects.
Click to Open Overlay GalleryVisualization of the distribution of potentially harmful genetic variation across protein-coding portions of the human genome. The top section represents variation that predates the human population explosion 10,000 years ago. The bottom represents variation that arose since then. Image: Fu et al./Nature

It’s this type of variation that’s proliferated so wildly. “Population growth is happening so fast that selection is having a hard time keeping up with the new, deleterious alleles,” said Akey.

One consequence of this is the accumulation in humanity of gene variants with potentially harmful effects. Akey’s group found that a full 86 percent of variants that look as though they might be deleterious are less than 10,000 years old, and many have only existed for the last millennium.

“Humans today carry a much larger load of deleterious variants than our species carried just prior to its massive expansion just a couple hundred generations ago,” said population geneticist Alon Keinan of Cornell University, whose own work helped link rare variation patterns to the population boom.

The inverse is also true. Present-day humanity also carries a much larger load of potentially positive variation, not to mention variation with no appreciable consequences at all. These variations, known to scientists as “cryptic,” that might actually be evolution’s hidden fuel: mutations that on their own have no significance can combine to produce unexpected, powerful effects.

Indeed, the genetic seeds of exceptional traits, such as endurance or strength or innate intelligence, may now be circulating in humanity. “The genetic potential of our population is vastly different than what it was 10,000 years ago,” Akey said.

How will humanity evolve in the next few thousand years? It’s impossible to predict but fun to speculate, said Akey. A potentially interesting wrinkle to the human story is that, while bottlenecks reduce selection pressure, evolutionary models show that large populations actually increase selection’s effects.

Given the incredible speed and scope of human population growth, this increased pressure hasn’t yet caught up to the burst of new variation, but eventually it might. It could even be anticipated, at least from theoretical models, that natural selection on humans will actually become stronger than it’s ever been.

“The size of a population determines how much selection is going to be acting moving forward,” said anthropologist Mark Shriver of Penn State University. “You have an increase in natural selection now.”

An inevitably complicating factor is that natural selection isn’t as natural as it used to be. Theoretical models don’t account for culture and technology, two forces with profound influences. Widespread use of reproductive technologies like fetal genome sequencing might ease selection pressures, or even make them more intense.

As for future studies in genetic anthropology, Akey said scientists are approaching the limits of what can be known from genes alone. “We need to take advantage of what people have learned in anthropology and ecology and linguistics, and synthesize all this into a coherent narrative of human evolution,” he said.

Geneticist Robert Moyzis of the University of California, Irvine, co-author of a 2007 study on accelerating human evolution, noted that the new study only looked at protein-coding genes, which account for only a small portion of the entire human genome. Much of humanity’s rare variation remains to be analyzed.

Moyzis’ co-authors on that study, geneticist Henry Harpending of the University of Utah and anthropologist John Hawks of the University of Wisconsin, also warned against jumping to early conclusions based on the new study’s dating. Some of what appears to be new variation might actually be old, said Hawks.

Even with these caveats, however, the study’s essential message is unchanged. “Sometimes people ask the question, ‘Is human evolution still occurring?'” said Tishkoff. “Yes, human evolution can still occur, and it is.”

Citations: “Analysis of 6,515 exomes reveals the recent origin of most human protein-coding variants.” By Wenqing Fu, Timothy D. O’Connor, Goo Jun, Hyun Min Kang, Goncalo Abecasis, Suzanne M. Leal, Stacey Gabriel, David Altshuler, Jay Shendure, Deborah A. Nickerson, Michael J. Bamshad, NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project & Joshua M. Akey. Vol. 491, No. 7426, Nov. 29, 2012

 

[StudenTeacher]

The fact that you can see a lot of undeveloped land in various parts of the world does not mean the world is not over populated. If you did away with skyscrapers that allow people to live one on top of another and gave everyone a single family home on approximately 1/3rd acre of land (average single family home yard size) you would see much if not all of that undeveloped land disappear. The issue isn't that the world can't support the population we have now but rather can't support the population that is coming very soon. It took us from the beginning of Man until 1960 to reach 3 Billion. It only took from 1960 to 1999 to double that. The population is growing exponentially and the world's renewable resources can't keep up.

Yes it's the same mainstream fear based argument. Easy come easy go. Our way of life, habits, needs etc, has been dictated to us. When we are taught a new way of life humans will quickly learn and accept it. The modern world is a throw away society. Why would we want to sustain something so disgusting? How many thousands of acres of crops are tested and thrown out annually by companies like Monsanto? Cali farms are struggling because peeps want to water their lawns in the suburbs. In time this will change. The powers that rule over us keep us tightly packed and scared because we belong to them and are their slaves. It's the only means of control. Ever wonder why we all work 9-5 to make rich people richer? It's about ownership. These teachings are akin to the flat earth. All I can comprehend from this overpopulation theory is 'be afraid', and "do what I say". When people are scared they will look two big brother for guidance. Right now big brother is corrupt multinational slave driving corporations. They will give us more ideas and we will continue to buy their bs. These are the same entities that don't want us using cannabis as a means of mellowing our minds. They feed off of stress and fear and negative energy in general. Rulers and regimes change, and in time the current powers will fade and a new will rule.
I'm kinda hoping that a true king will one day be born and wipe out all the corporations and take care of the people. Maybe at this point we need a supenatural character like Jesus but maybe not. The modern corporations run the world and the Zionists that run most of them are sociopathic. Capitalism will soon be dead and gone and so will ideas of greatness and power and ownership of people, none of which are needed to live on earth and be happy. The earth is gigantic and roomy and everything will be great

 

[genedigger]

very true student teacher.ive always thought pot made me think outside the box.it makes abstract thought process happen imo,and thats what helps make new ideas.i really doubt theat big brother wants folks like us makin the rules

 

[StudenTeacher]

very true student teacher.ive always thought pot made me think outside the box.it makes abstract thought process happen imo,and thats what helps make new ideas.i really doubt theat big brother wants folks like us makin the rules

I used to feel the same but now I think we all have the capability to think outside the box and capacity to think in an abstract fashion. I think the herb takes away stress and brings down some barriers that bring us closer to our natural state and makes it easier to be ourselves. Humans are spiritual beings and we have so much information within ourselves that we can learn to tap into, though it can be hard to decipher when things are only being looked at from a materialistic outside point of view. Cannabis is a great aide as well as meditation, and responsible use of psychedelics. All of these will bring down barriers we've built inside of our minds and souls. Without these barriers one will notice so much more and be so much more. After investing heavily into destroying our freedoms, minds, and morals, no these beings do not want humanity thinking for ourselves. Some lucky folks don't experience these barriers and understand the luxury of just 'being'. Wish I was one of em.

 

[Weird]

I feel that cannabis and psychedelics are good vehicles to see outside the bias of paradigm associated with one's own existence when you use them for the intent of enlightenment, subconscious or otherwise.

Intent matters, to what degree or how heavily I cannot say.

I do not think they are necessary vehicles either.

I think that judging the vehicle upon which a person seeks enlightenment does not facilitate the process, only condemns the intent.

 

[StudenTeacher]

Interesting articles weird. I'm gonna have to read the first one again when I'm in a different mindset.
I guess it makes since from a mathematical perspective that all of these genetic combinations will eventually lead us to being different creatures than we are now. All of the interracial breeding all over the globe will eventually bring about a new slightly different human. The big change will occur of course when humans experience another global catastrophe. All of these recombined genes will show themselves in different ways as people end up scattered into different parts of the world and start life anew, trapped in different geographical locations. Or maybe it'll be a disease, or nuclear energy that does it. New agers think that our relationship to the heavens will bring the big change. I wonder if we must undergo a physical transformation before humanity will evolve mentally or spiritually, and if we are meant to achieve more in these particular bodies, or if they are supposed to limit us for some purpose. Time will tell I suppose.

 

[DrFever]

Bottom line some countries where food is scarce people see it , but where we live we tend to get the sense of security ,, that i will never happen to us

There are several things happening all at once. There is the future point down the road where things really will be very scarce, and then civilization as we know it will collapse, unless between now and then we develop new ways of living. I’m talking about something that could happen The young know the bad news already and they’re determined to do something about it.” in 2050 or farther down the pike. Oil will run out. But between now and then, we will have other problems. The price of things will rise and that will create everyday hardship in people’s lives and we’re seeing that today. But we’ll also see conflict arising in this race for what’s left. We’re already seeing signs of that in many places, for example, in the East China Sea and the South China Sea, as China and its neighbors are increasingly using military force to exert their claims over undersea reserves of oil and natural gas. So there will be many consequences to this final stage in humanity’s struggle to gain control over vital resources.

e360: There’s a relatively new phenomenon in which countries, mainly in the Persian Gulf, are buying up farmland in poor countries to grow crops for consumption at home. Saudi Arabia, for instance, has been buying up land in Sudan and Ethiopia. How have we come to a point where farmland has become a global commodity?

Klare: You know, I can’t help but think that there’s something very cynical and ugly about all of this, but a lot of the people who are in this business, they talk about Malthus, future population growth, starvation, climate change, all of these things making food the most precious commodity of the future — that whoever possesses land to grow food will be the rich people of the future. That’s the pitch that they make to investors, and it is based on the notion that people will be starving and desperate for food. Now, there are a second group of investors, those from Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and so on, who say that we will not be able to feed our future population, and so therefore we will buy farmland in foreign countries to grow food exclusively for our own population, irrespective of the needs of the people who live in the food-growing areas. They’ll have to fend for themselves, but we’ll provide for our own people. And this, too, derives from very nightmarish scenarios of what we’ll see in the future.

MORE FROM YALE e360

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Of Mountaintop Removal Mining

Video Leveling Appalachia: The Legacy of Mountaintop Removal Mining This video report produced by Yale Environment 360 in collaboration with MediaStorm takes a first-hand look at mountaintop removal mining in Appalachia and what is at stake for the region’s environment and its people.
WATCH THE VIDEOe360: You say that to head off the global nightmare for the race for what’s left that we’ll need to engage in a race to adapt, and that includes finding substitute materials, improving efficiency. When I read this part of your book, I was rather surprised at its optimistic tone. You say you see signs that we’re already in the race to adapt. Talk to me about that.

Klare: Being around students, they think they know the bad news already and they’re determined to do something about it. They want to be in the solutions business. I think this is a universal phenomenon around the world because I have students in my classes from virtually every continent now, and they all want to be involved in developing solutions, and they have a lot of optimism and enthusiasm for this. So it’s partly that energy that I’m feeling from my students and young people about the possibilities of positive change. And then I see that there are entrepreneurs who are coming up with very creative solutions to the problems I describe, who are creating the alternative modes of producing energy and using materials more efficiently. And I think that with time they will gain momentum.

 

[trichrider]

Dark matter even darker than once thought


Date:
March 26, 2015


Source:
ESA/Hubble Information Centre


Summary:


Astronomers have studied how dark matter in clusters of galaxies behaves when the clusters collide. The results show that dark matter interacts with itself even less than previously thought, and narrows down the options for what this mysterious substance might be.

Astronomers using observations from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory have studied how dark matter in clusters of galaxies behaves when the clusters collide. The results, published in the journal Science on 27 March 2015, show that dark matter interacts with itself even less than previously thought, and narrows down the options for what this mysterious substance might be.


Dark matter is a giant question mark looming over our knowledge of the Universe. There is more dark matter in the Universe than visible matter, but it is extremely elusive; it does not reflect, absorb or emit light, making it invisible. Because of this, it is only known to exist via its gravitational effects on the visible Universe (see e.g. heic1215a).

To learn more about this mysterious substance, researchers can study it in a way similar to experiments on visible matter -- by watching what happens when it bumps into things [1]. For this reason, researchers look at vast collections of galaxies, called galaxy clusters, where collisions involving dark matter happen naturally and where it exists in vast enough quantities to see the effects of collisions [2].

Galaxies are made of three main ingredients: stars, clouds of gas and dark matter. During collisions, the clouds of gas spread throughout the galaxies crash into each other and slow down or stop. The stars are much less affected by the drag from the gas [3] and, because of the huge gaps between them, do not have a slowing effect on each other -- though if two stars did collide the frictional forces would be huge.

"We know how gas and stars react to these cosmic crashes and where they emerge from the wreckage. Comparing how dark matter behaves can help us to narrow down what it actually is," explains David Harvey of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland, lead author of a new study.

Harvey and his team used data from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory to study 72 large cluster collisions. The collisions happened at different times, and are seen from different angles -- some from the side, and others head-on [4].

The team found that, like the stars, the dark matter continued straight through the violent collisions without slowing down. However, unlike in the case of the stars, this is not because the dark matter is far away from other dark matter during the collisions. The leading theory is that dark matter is spread evenly throughout the galaxy clusters so dark matter particles frequently get very close to each other. The reason the dark matter doesn't slow down is because not only does it not interact with visible particles, it also interacts even less with other dark matter than previously thought.

"A previous study had seen similar behaviour in the Bullet Cluster," says team member Richard Massey of Durham University, UK. "But it's difficult to interpret what you're seeing if you have just one example. Each collision takes hundreds of millions of years, so in a human lifetime we only get to see one freeze-frame from a single camera angle. Now that we have studied so many more collisions, we can start to piece together the full movie and better understand what is going on."

By finding that dark matter interacts with itself even less than previously thought, the team have successfully narrowed down the properties of dark matter. Particle physics theorists have to keep looking, but they now have a smaller set of unknowns to work with when building their models[5].

Dark matter could potentially have rich and complex properties, and there are still several other types of interaction to study. These latest results rule out interactions that create a strong frictional force, causing dark matter to slow down during collisions. Other possible interactions could make dark matter particles bounce off each other like billiard balls, causing dark matter to be thrown out of collisions or for dark matter blobs to change shape. The team will be studying these next.

To further increase the number of collisions that can be studied, the team are also looking to study collisions involving individual galaxies, which are much more common.

"There are still several viable candidates for dark matter, so the game is not over, but we are getting nearer to an answer," concludes Harvey. "These 'Astronomically Large' particle colliders are finally letting us glimpse the dark world all around us but just out of reach."

Notes

[1] On Earth scientists use particle accelerators to find out more about the properties of different particles. Physicists can investigate what substances are made of by accelerating particles into a collision, and examining the properties and trajectory of the resulting debris.

[2] Clusters of galaxies are a swarm of galaxies permeated by a sea of hot X-ray emitting ionised hydrogen gas that is all embedded in a massive cloud of dark matter. It is the interactions of these, the most massive structures in the Universe that are observed to test dark matter's properties.

[3] The gas-gas interaction in cluster collisions is very strong, while the gas-star drag is weak. In a similar way to a soap bubble and a bullet in the wind where the bubble would interact a great deal more with the wind than the bullet.

[4] To find out where the dark matter was located in the cluster the researchers studied the light from galaxies behind the cluster whose light had been magnified and distorted by the mass in the cluster. Because they have a good idea of the visible mass in the cluster, the amount the light is distorted tells them how much dark matter there is in a region.

[5] A favoured theory is that dark matter might be constituted of "supersymmetric" particles. Supersymmetry is a theory in which all particles in our Standard Model -- electrons, protons, neutrons, and so on -- have a more massive "supersymmetric" partner. While there has been no experimental confirmation for supersymmetry as yet, the theory would solve a few of the gaps in our current thinking. One of supersymmetry's proposed particles would be stable, electrically neutral, and only interact weakly with the common particles of the Standard Model -- all the properties required to explain dark matter.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150326152238.htm

 

[LEF]

There are several things happening all at once. There is the future point down the road where things really will be very scarce, and then civilization as we know it will collapse, unless between now and then we develop new ways of living. I’m talking about something that could happen The young know the bad news already and they’re determined to do something about it.” in 2050 or farther down the pike. Oil will run out. But between now and then, we will have other problems. The price of things will rise and that will create everyday hardship in people’s lives and we’re seeing that today. But we’ll also see conflict arising in this race for what’s left. We’re already seeing signs of that in many places, for example, in the East China Sea and the South China Sea, as China and its neighbors are increasingly using military force to exert their claims over undersea reserves of oil and natural gas. So there will be many consequences to this final stage in humanity’s struggle to gain control over vital resources.

Sounds to me like some christian/religious preaching trying to instill fears into people about appending doom. Did you ever notice you spoke like a preacher dr.fever ? Maybe we could start calling you Father Fever ? Lol

Not that i dont agree that this could very well happen.

 

[waveguide]

theres a lot more than a few christians stopping stem cell research,there is some countries in europe and even isreal that are making major breakthroughs in that field

what a fucking mess it is. people with their enculturations.

guy contacts me (professional authority) he wants to build some shit that reads dogs thoughts and puts it into words for their rich hideous stupid owners.

you know... it's like bro... BRO.... motherfucking entheogens... but brobro wants to build a fucking machine and put it on animals heads because his fucking "thing" doesn't acknowledge entheogens or "do drugs".

i'm good with technology, but basically, anyone who intends to use tech for anything but art is a fuckwit.

stem cells? what the fuck is wrong with you isn't that you need stem cells. CSG? total dumbshit stuff. pay the fuck attention. i'm saying fuck a lot so people will know, because quite honestly, wouldn't it be better if i punched you in the face and you woke up rather than you doing some dumb shit that destroys the universe, then the universe punches you in the face for being a dumbshit.

because, the universe is going to hit hard as a fuck. you don't want it to do that.


so fucking tired of fat fucks who are like "i need a machine so i can move fast" when the amount of effort they've ever put into appreciating their body machine to move fast is fucking zero. go look at that chinese girl in the funny pictures thread or some parkour videos.

you will never fly like that because your head is full of "ineeda technology" - wake up - you are a CUSTOMER.

 

[DrFever]

Gene Nibiru is coming it even says it in the Bible are you prepared ????

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OXvU5IB89-A

 

[trichrider]

I think the end is somewhere near the other...

 

[genedigger]

i think the summarians teach that not the bible.this stuff you talk about dr.fever is much much closer than you think.we are going to run out of other key resources that are way more important than oil 1st.id have to say water is at risk more than oil,and im not going to go into other resources like phosphorus ect..our world relies on much more than just fossil fuel,and all of these things are in short supply.empathy is devoid in this world.i only see a few souls showing sympathy.its very dishearting

 

[StudenTeacher]

genedigger, the problem with being an empath is that it is extremely painful. The earth isn't really turning properly at the moment and is really throwing peoples minds for a loop. Being empathic means people will have to endure the pain that has been endured by the earth and multitudes of other humans and animal species residing here with us. It will take much responsibility and effort on the part of human kind. Some feel the new age and our placement in the cosmos will aide this transition by helping us evolve into higher, mind oriented beings. Even though technology seems quite advanced, most people just push buttons. Most people do what they're told without thinking and don't question what they learn. Most people refer to our current controllers and the information they provide as 'authority'. This will eventually change. Asking questions leads to answers and potentially knowledge.
If the placement of plants and animals on earth has had an effect on the way they have evolved, it makes since that this could possibly take place on a cosmic level. I don't blame, or hold the common man in contempt. Most learn only what they are taught. We are not only taught from man, but from the Earth itself. Our DNA records the vibrations of the universe and this information is stored wihin every living thing. This is why music is said to be the language of the gods. Vibrations would be a better word to describe this in my opinion. Maybe the ice in the poles needs to melt so we can get back to a 360 day year, or maybe something else needs to happen in the cosmos, but for the empath the feeling of friction is tremendous. Imagine what kind of energies, waves, rays, etc scientists will be able to measure in the future. The possibilities are endless. Eventually it will be known by all that we are a product of space and the cosmos and are constantly taking in new information, genetic or otherwise.

To Dr F and Retro and others that are concerned/scared about the future of peoples on earth and resources in the perceived physical world. What of other dimensions that resonate just outside of our measurable reality? Please consider that violent competition for resources is not needed. There are other avenues to explore.

 

[genedigger]

empathy is the essence of love,which is preached in every religion except a few which i wont mention,and its even taught in that fairy tale book the bible.pride is on the opposite end of the scale as empathy and most folks are very proud.in fact mankind is the proudest its ever been.we believe that we have evolved and most folks think humans are getting smarter.humans are in love with the lifestyle we lead.no one in our culture would ever give up there lifestyle which is based on how proud you can be.one of the most popular shows out there is called what 'american idol'.as long as we think with pride we will never nave any a,mount of empathy.yeah its hard if you have empathy you will cry everyday and not the blues crying its a deep feeling.at least you know where im comin from student teacher.thank you.