Cannabis Seed Morphology

acespicoli · Feb 17, 2024

Please share some of your seed pics here as well

A multivariate analysis of morphological divergence of “seeds” (achenes)

among ruderal, fibre, oilseed, dioecious/monoecious and marijuana variants

of Cannabis sativa L.

https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.130.237

acespicoli · Feb 18, 2024

Except for seeds from Yunnan (W1) and Xizang (W2), the seeds from the other seven wild accessions all had a camouflage covering (a thin dark brown film attached to the surface of a seed), while only two accessions from Jilin (C7) and Anhui (C8) had a small amount of camouflage covering (Fig. 2). Moreover, wild cannabis bloomed earlier than domesticated cannabis. Although the flowering time of W1 and W2 was approximately 55 days, the flowering time of other wild cannabis accessions was shorter than 35 days (Table S1). In addition, the values of the first branch height, petiole length, compound leaf width and leaflet width of wild cannabis were significantly lower than those of cultivated cannabis (Fig. S1). We also observed that, when planted at low latitudes (Kunming), cultivated cannabis (C1-C7) from relatively high latitudes exhibited early flowering, early maturity, a dwarf stature and almost no branches (Fig. S1). However, wild cannabis plants still produced a relatively large number of branches in Kunming.

Whole-genome resequencing of wild and cultivated cannabis reveals the genetic structure and adaptive selection of important traits

July 2022
BMC Plant Biology 22(1)

DOI:10.1186/s12870-022-03744-0

acespicoli · Feb 20, 2024

Historically, as discussed in the text,
“Sativa” formerly represented landraces of South Asian heritage, and
“Indica” formerly represented Central Asian landraces.
This key is not intended for the identification of “Sativa” and “Indica” strains commercially available today

A	THC/CBD ratio always ≥7, often much more. Mature achenes usually ≥ 3.6 mm long (Fig. 3e, f); perianth mostly sloughed off, but often persistent in places (appearing as irregular spots or stripes); exposed exocarp exhibiting prominent venation; lacking a prominent protuberant base; not readily disarticulating from plant	var. indica (“Sativa” in the historical sense2)
B	THC/CBD ratio usually ≥7, sometimes less. Mature achenes usually <3.6 mm long (Fig. 3g, h); perianth persistent (covering exocarp and its venation), with strong pigmentation in a mottled or striped pattern; with a protuberant base; readily disarticulating from plant	var. himalayensis

A	THC/CBD ratio <7 (almost always >2). Mature achenes usually ≥ 3.6 mm long (Fig. 3a, b); perianth mostly sloughed off (appearing as irregular spots or stripes); exposed exocarp exhibiting prominent venation; lacking a prominent protuberant base; not disarticulating from plant, and often trapped in the dense inflorescence	var. afghanica (“Indica” in the historical sense2)
B	THC/CBD ratio often <2. Mature achenes usually < 3.6 mm long (Fig. 3c, d); perianth persistent (covering exocarp and its venation), with strong pigmentation in a mottled or striped pattern; with a protuberant base; readily disarticulating from plant	var. asperrima

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Representative achenes of four varieties A indica, Rajshahi (Bangladesh), Clarke 1877 (BM) B indica, Coimbatore (India), Bircher 1893 (K) C indica, South Africa, Hillig 1996; (IND) D himalayensis neotype E himalayensis, Bareilly (India), Roxburgh 1796 (K). F himalayensis, East Bengal (Bangladesh) Griffith 1835 (GH) G afghanica neotype H afghanica epitype I afghanica Yarkant (Xīnjiāng), Henderson 1871 (LE) J asperrima lectotype K asperrima Nuristān (Afghanistan), Street 1965 (F) L Kailiyskiy Alatau (Kazakhstan), Semenov-Tyan-Shansky 1857 (LE).

Glossary of botanical terms - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

A classification of endangered high-THC cannabis (Cannabis sativa subsp. indica) domesticates and their wild relatives

Two kinds of drug-type Cannabis gained layman’s terms in the 1980s. “Sativa” had origins in South Asia (India), with early historical dissemination to Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Americas. “Indica” had origins in Central Asia (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkestan). We have assigned unambiguous...

phytokeys.pensoft.net

Achene - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

An achene (/əˈkiːn/;[1] from Ancient Greek ἀ (a) 'privative' and χαίνειν (khaínein) 'to gape'),[2] also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or achenocarp, is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are monocarpellate (formed from one carpel) and indehiscent (they do not open at maturity). Achenes contain a single seed that nearly fills the pericarp, but does not adhere to it. In many species, what is called the "seed" is an achene, a fruit containing the seed. The seed-like appearance is owed to the hardening of the fruit wall (pericarp), which encloses the solitary seed so closely as to seem like a seed coat.[2]

https://conservationresearchinstitute.org/forms/CRI-FLORA-Glossary.pdf

An achene (/əˈkiːn/;[1] from Ancient Greek ἀ (a) 'privative' and χαίνειν (khaínein) 'to gape'),[2] also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or achenocarp, is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are monocarpellate (formed from one carpel) and indehiscent (they do not open at maturity). Achenes contain a single seed that nearly fills the pericarp, but does not adhere to it. In many species, what is called the "seed" is an achene, a fruit containing the seed. The seed-like appearance is owed to the hardening of the fruit wall (pericarp), which encloses the solitary seed so closely as to seem like a seed coat.[2]

Examples

The fruits of buttercup, buckwheat, caraway, quinoa, amaranth, and cannabis are typical achenes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achene

Plant anatomy
buds and shoot apex Fruit/Seed anatomy, including structure of the ovule, seed, pericarp and accessory fruit Wood anatomy, including structure of the...
12 KB (1,335 words) - 18:13, 28 April 2024
Seed dormancy
Johri (ed.). The seed: Structure. In: Embryology of Angiosperms. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Nandi, O. I. (1998). "Ovule and seed anatomy ofCistaceae and...
22 KB (2,759 words) - 05:43, 15 May 2024
Seed
largest seeds Recalcitrant seed Seed company Seed enhancement Seed library Seed orchard Seed paper Seed saving Seed testing Seed trap Seedbed Soil seed bank...
76 KB (9,437 words) - 23:36, 25 July 2024
Fruit (plant structure) (redirect from Fruit Anatomy)
Fruit anatomy is the plant anatomy of the internal structure of fruit. In berries and drupes, the pericarp forms the edible tissue around the seeds. In...
14 KB (1,816 words) - 15:54, 14 May 2024

sorghum

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/pericarp

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/pericarp

Variety 1: South Asian domesticate
Achene, usually ≥ 3.6 mm long, globose to elongate, exocarp green-brown; abscission zone poorly developed.

Variety 2: South Asian wild-type

Achene usually <3.6 mm long, exocarp green-brown; with an elongated base and abscission zone that is relatively narrow.

Variety 3: Central Asian domesticate

Achene usually ≥ 3.6 mm long, exocarp green to gray; base blunt and lacking well-developed abscission zone.

Variety 4: Central Asian wild-type

Achene small, oval to elongate, exocarp dark olive colored, with an elongated base.

3 -Achenes of Cannabis sativa, showing variation in perianth adherence. (a) Ruderal achene with almost complete adherence. (b) Marijuana achene with about 70% adherence. (c) Fibre hemp with the entire perianth sloughed off to reveal the veined pericarp.

https://www.researchgate.net/figure...nth-adherence-a-Ruderal-achene_fig4_367360759

Dreams are the seed of change,
Nothing ever grows without a seed,
and Nothing ever changes without a dream
- Debby Boone

The Morphology of Cannabis sativa L. Achenes
Master of Science 2018 Steve Govinda Udai Naraine Molecular Science