War

[Montuno]

One of the consequences of the Spanish president's turnaround in the traditional alliance with Algeria and the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic, may be to end up throwing Algeria (one of EU possible gas suppliers) into the hands of Russia (with all its implications); until now, Spain was the main balance to the Russian presence and influence (coming from the US-USSR Cold War) in Algeria. This would benefit Russia geostrategically (if it influences the main possible substitute to its gas exports to the EU), and economically to the USA (less competition to its liquefied gas for Europe), but not to the EU, of course, quite the opposite:


Russia and Algeria will carry out “anti-terrorist” military maneuvers on the border with Morocco

The exercises will consist of "tactical movements to search for, detect and destroy illegal armed groups" and take place after the cooling of relations between Algeria and Spain

The Algerian flag flies next to that of Morocco on the border between the two countries in the Moroccan region of Oujda . PHOTO: JALAL MORCHIDI EFE

• JM ZULOAGA

MADRID
CREATED04-06-2022 | 1:31 P.M.LAST UPDATE04-06-2022 | 4:49 P.M.



Russia 's Southern Military Region has announced that it will carry out joint anti- terrorist exercises with Algerian forces next November , according to the digital Ecsaharawi, citing sources from the state agency RT.


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"The first planning conference was held in the Russian city of Vladikavkaz, the capital of the Republic of Ossetia, to prepare for the joint Russian-Algerian anti-terrorist exercises, which are scheduled for November this year," he announced.
The maneuvers will be carried out at the Hammaguir base, in the Béchar region, on the border with Morocco, in the southwest of the Algerian country and some 700 kilometers south of Melilla. Both armies coordinated the choice of the exercise venue and the organization of logistics, including accommodation procedures. The statement added that the maneuvers will consist of tactical movements to search for, detect and destroy illegal armed groups. About 80 Russian soldiers will participate in them.


The combat maneuver plan provides for the participation of soldiers from the region in international exercises with units of the armed forces of Algeria, Egypt, Kazakhstan and Pakistan.
"These joint exercises are part of Russian-Algerian cooperation , which is reflected in the recent visit of the Algerian Foreign Minister to Moscow on April 4 to meet with the head of the Russian Security Council, Nikolai Patrushev, where they agreed on new " axes and perspectives to strengthen cooperation between the two countries”. He also held discussions with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov. For his part, the president of the Algerian National Popular Assembly, Brahim Boughali, received the Russian ambassador in Algiers on Monday and reiterated Algeria's attachment to Russia in a "strategic" and "profound" way, underlines the digital.


https://www.larazon.es/internacional...2wu4j44ji.html

 

[Montuno]

[FONT=var(--fontSite]Algeria prepares large-scale military maneuvers along the Moroccan border[/FONT]


[COLOR=var(--color-text-gray,#7f7f7f)][COLOR=var(--color-text-gray,#7f7f7f)]Antonio Navarro AmuedoMadrid[/COLOR][/COLOR][COLOR=var(--color-text-gray,#7f7f7f)]03/16/202206:19 a.m.[/COLOR]

Algerian troops (file image) [COLOR=var(--color-eta,#000)]GETTY[/COLOR]​

• [FONT=var(--fontSite][FONT=var(--fontSite][COLOR=var(--color-eta,#000)]The Algerian regime responds to Morocco, which had just created a new military region in the east of the country on the border with its neighbors[/COLOR][/FONT][/FONT]
• [FONT=var(--fontSite][FONT=var(--fontSite][COLOR=var(--color-eta,#000)]Tension is rising again between the two North African neighbors four months after President Tebboune threatened an armed response to the death of three nationals in Western Sahara as a result of an alleged Moroccan bombardment[/COLOR][/FONT][/FONT]

[COLOR=var(--color-texto-articulo,#000)]Algeria is preparing military maneuvers along the border with Morocco . The information comes out just three weeks after Rabat announced the creation of a new military region -the third- in the east of the country. Since the end of last August there have been no diplomatic relations between the two Maghreb neighbors and in November there was fear of a violent escalation after the death of two Algerian nationals who were traveling along a route within the territory of Western Sahara hit by a Moroccan drone. The information had been announced by the official media of the Saharawi independence movement. This Tuesday the official press in Rabat, specifically the digital Le360, has endorsed it.[/COLOR]

​

[COLOR=var(--color-texto-articulo,#000)]On the 5th, the digital ECSaharawi, a medium close to the Polisario Front, had published that, after the meeting that day of the Supreme Security Council and by order of President Abdelmadjid Tebboune, the Algerian Army began preparations to carry out a series of of "large-scale" military exercises in the western part of the country.[/COLOR]

[COLOR=var(--color-texto-articulo,#000)]The information of the aforementioned digital linked to the nationalist movement specified that the exercises would take place in the second and third military regions and that they would have ammunition . Finally, the information from ECSaharawi reported that important land, air and sea combat units of the Algerian People's Army would attend the maneuvers.[/COLOR]

[COLOR=var(--color-texto-articulo,#000)]"The maneuvers of the Algerian Army are a response to the creation of a new Moroccan military zone in the east of the country and the message from Algiers to its neighbors that they are prepared to defend the border and national sovereignty," he explains to NIUS. the Algerian political scientist and journalist Oualid Kebir.[/COLOR]

​

[COLOR=var(--color-texto-articulo,#000)]“It is a continuation of a planned policy of Algerian hostility with the aim of keeping the focus on Rabat. The Algerian power wants to show its people that there is an enemy, Morocco, and in this way strengthen the internal front. All this occurs in the midst of a very hot global context, in which we see in the Ukraine the effectiveness of the Russian Army, which supplies more than 80% of the weapons to the Algerian military," emphasizes the specialist in the field. of relations between Morocco and Algeria.[/COLOR]

[COLOR=var(--color-texto-articulo,#000)]For its part, the Moroccan digital Le360, close to the Palace, recalled this Monday that the Moroccan Army already carried out military maneuvers last year with live fire in the wilaya of Tindu f and naval exercises with submarines in both cases along the Moroccan borders . Last February, Morocco announced the creation of a new military region on land near the Algerian border, already commanded by Major General Mohamed Miqdad.[/COLOR]



Maroc Defender مدافع المغرب
@hb_maroc

L'ALGÉRIE S'APPRÊTE À LANCER DE VASTES MANŒUVRES MILITAIRES PRÈS DE LA FRONTIÈRE AVEC LE MAROC

fr.le360.ma
L'Algérie s'apprête à lancer de vastes manœuvres militaires près de la frontière avec le Maroc
Kiosque360. Le régime algérien a décidé de lancer de larges manœuvres militaires avec des munitions réelles à la frontière avec le Maroc. Ces


[FONT=var(--fontSite][COLOR=var(--color-eta,#000)]Maghreb repercussions of the war[/COLOR][/FONT]


[COLOR=var(--color-texto-articulo,#000)]Not surprisingly, the Russian aggression against Ukraine is having consequences both on the diplomatic and political front, as well as on the socioeconomic front in the Maghreb. The planned reduction in imports of Russian gas from the Russian Federation to the various EU countries benefits Algeria, which will have to increase its production of the hydrocarbon in order to supply European markets.[/COLOR]


[COLOR=var(--color-texto-articulo,#000)]The gas escalation occurs in a difficult situation for Morocco, which saw its neighbors cut off its gas tap by not extending the Maghreb-Europe gas pipeline contract on October 31 in the framework of the bilateral diplomatic rupture. To try to solve its supply problem, Morocco has turned to Spain, with which in recent weeks it has reached an agreement to use the section of the infrastructure that connects the two countries with gas, doing the reverse route to the usual route.[/COLOR]



LE MAROC & POST NEWS
@Maroc_Morocco_

https://twitter.com/i/status/1455984616716869637​​​​​​

Algerie Mauritanie Marocco

L'armée Algérienne est en route pour renforcer sa frontière mauritanienne et marocaine après sa série d'entraînement avec les militaires Russes. #Alger #Algeria #AlgerianArmy
8:45 p. m. · 3 nov. 2021


That is, the gas - not Algerian, but acquired by Spain in international markets - will travel through the Maghreb-Europe from the Peninsula to Morocco. A step that could unexpectedly help ease the situation in the two countries, although the discomfort of the Moroccan authorities with the Spanish is profound. Rabat expects from the Government of Pedro Sánchez a firm gesture of support for its autonomy proposals for the territory that was a Spanish colony until 1975.



Patrick Simon Tata
@patrick9340tata

L'Algérie s'apprête à lancer de vastes manœuvres militaires près de la frontière avec le Maroc

m.le360.ma
L'Algérie s'apprête à lancer de vastes manœuvres militaires près de la frontière avec le Maroc
Kiosque360. Le régime algérien a décidé de lancer de larges manœuvres militaires avec des munitions réelles à la frontière avec le Maroc. Ces exercices surviennent après la création par les FAR d’une...
9:23 a. m. · 15 mar. 2022




[COLOR=var(--color-texto-articulo,#000)]Although a close ally of the United States -also of the EU-, Morocco has opted for now for a low profile in the Ukrainian crisis thanks to its ties -reinforced in recent years- with Russia. Last Wednesday, March 2, the Moroccan diplomatic representatives chose not to participate in the vote of the UN General Assembly in which the aggression of the Russian Army against Ukraine was condemned .[/COLOR]


[COLOR=var(--color-texto-articulo,#000)]The Moroccan authorities fear the consequences of a Moroccan condemnation of the Russian troops' invasion of its neighbors in the form of more determined military support for Algiers, bearing in mind that Moscow is the main military supporter – and traditional partner, in a bond forged over Soviet times - of the Algerian regime. Not in vain, Moroccan official media highlighted these days the strong economic ties between Morocco and Russia by highlighting that the Maghreb country is the first trading partner of the Euro-Asian giant in Africa (although reaching a modest 1,600 million dollars in 2021).[/COLOR]



Yabiladi.com
@yabiladi_fr

Exercices militaires de l’armée mauritanienne à la frontière avec le Maroc et l’Algérie https://ift.tt/3v3UsbB
5:46 p. m. · 8 mar. 2021


[FONT=var(--fontSite][COLOR=var(--color-eta,#000)]maximum tension[/COLOR][/FONT]


[COLOR=var(--color-texto-articulo,#000)]On August 24, Algiers decided to unilaterally break diplomatic relations with Morocco . In September the Algerian regime would close the airspace to Morocco and on October 31 the sine die suspension of the Maghreb Europe gas pipeline contract was confirmed, which transported Algerian gas to the Peninsula through Moroccan territory.[/COLOR]


[COLOR=var(--color-texto-articulo,#000)]The rupture had been brewing for months, exactly since the Polisario Front declared the ceasefire in force with Rabat since 1991 broken in mid-November 2020 and since the Trump Administration recognized the Moroccan nature of Western Sahara in a series of tweets published by the former US president on December 10 and from that same day Morocco and Israel reestablished diplomatic relations after 20 years.[/COLOR]

- In six days, the Algerian border guards stopped the smuggling of large amounts of fuel, estimated at 81,664 litres, across the border with Maroc.

Rappelons that le carburant au Maroc are at €1.57. pic.twitter.com/yrh5s0ALoM
– Algerian Times الجزائر (@AlgerianTimes) March 11, 2022​

[COLOR=var(--color-texto-articulo,#000)]The height of the tension between Algiers and Rabat occurred at the beginning of last November, when an alleged Moroccan drone killed three Algerian nationals who were traveling in a convoy of trucks on a road within the territory of Western Sahara. Argelia Presidente Tebboune shortly after the death of the Algerians that the event "would not go unpunished", which presaged an immediate military response that, fortunately, has not occurred.[/COLOR]


https://www.niusdiario.es/internacio...298324129.html

 

[Montuno]

April 7, 2022

Russia and Algeria will carry out military exercises on the border with Morocco

These movements will try to "search, detect and eliminate" "illegal" groups
Alba Sanz

- ​

A new military cooperation between Moscow and Algiers further deepens relations between the two countries . Russia and Algeria will carry out joint anti-terrorist exercises on the border with Morocco, at a time when Russia is carrying out a military invasion of Ukraine. This has been announced by the Russian State Agency RT, pointing out that these "maneuvers" will be scheduled for November of this year.
These exercises, however, are not the first to be carried out jointly between Moscow and Algiers. The inaugural ones were carried out last October in the North Ossetia region with the aim of increasing the effectiveness of both Armies , as well as optimizing the availability of the governing bodies to continue uniting joint cooperation in the fight against terrorism.

This was recalled in a statement detailing that "the first planning conference was held in the Russian city of Vladikavkaz, capital of the Republic of Ossetia , to prepare the joint Russian-Algerian anti-terrorist maneuvers, which are scheduled for November this year".
As announced by the Kremlin, the new maneuvers will be carried out at the Hammaguir base, located in the Algerian province of Béchar, near the border with Morocco and 700 kilometers from Melilla. According to the statement, both armies would have coordinated the choice of the exercise scenario and the organization of the logistics itself.
They have also added that these maneuvers will consist of carrying out tactical movements to "seek, detect and destroy illegal armed groups . " In addition, they have indicated that 80 Russian soldiers will participate in them together with units of the armed forces of Algeria, Egypt, Kazakhstan and Pakistan.

The fact that the province of Béchar has been chosen as the setting is not something trivial. Russia continues to try to expand its influence across North Africa in an attempt to strengthen its presence on the continent. Coinciding, moreover, with the presence of mercenaries from the Wagner group who are present in countries such as Mali, Libya, Mozambique or the Central African Republic.
Along with this, it is notorious that Algeria maintains desires in the region that collide head-on with the expansionist interests of Morocco . In this context, both countries are vying to be the most influential powers in the north of the continent, something that Russia knows and that serves as a prelude to strengthening its domain.

Algeria and Russia, main gas suppliers


Relations between Russia and Algeria continue to grow amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine. This week Moscow has received a meeting between the general director of Documentation and Foreign Security of Algeria, Noureddine Makri, with the secretary of the Russian Security Council, Nikolai Patrushev, one of the most influential personalities in the Kremlin.
Similarly, Patrushev has held a series of meetings with the Russian Foreign Minister, Serguei Lavrov, on the same day that he would have received the president of the Algerian National Popular Assembly, Brahim Broughali. In this meeting, the meeting between the two representatives would have strengthened the "strategic" and "deep" association between the two countries and would have discussed issues related to the energy crisis that Europe is currently experiencing, as a result of the Ukrainian conflict.

In this regard, Moscow continues to supply gas to European countries, characterized by maintaining a high dependence on Russian gas, especially those that are part of the Eastern European region. Along these same lines, Algeria, a country rich in hydrocarbons, is one of the main suppliers of gas to countries such as Spain or Italy. However, the crisis in Ukraine and the latest moves made by Pedro Sánchez recognizing Morocco's sovereignty over Western Sahara have caused the cooling of trade relations with Algiers, although the Spanish government maintains that relations with Algiers are " strategic, prioritized and reliable”.
In this sense, Algeria has already announced that it will maintain gas prices in an equitable manner for all its customers, except for Spain. However, it has not yet officially reported what the prices set for Spain will be or how this situation will affect its supply.

Russian military maneuvers
In addition to the international maneuvers and within the framework of the Russian invasion, Moscow has begun large-scale maneuvers of the Strategic Missile Forces, exercises that have been carried out more than a thousand kilometers away from the border with Ukraine.

More than 3,000 troops and 300 combat teams have participated in these maneuvers with the aim of training in order to achieve "nuclear containment" of a possible aggression against Russia.
These forces have an arsenal of Yars missile complexes, which have the ability to destroy targets 11,000 kilometers away. They also have Voyevoda, Stilet, Topol-M and Avangard missile systems. These latest missiles are capable of developing a speed that exceeds the speed of sound by 27 times, which demonstrates their high technology and ability to evade possible aggression.

According to the Russian Ministry of Defense “the main objective of the exercises is to improve the teamwork of the military leadership bodies, assess the practical preparation of the command and the officers of the missile unit (...) and the combat capacity , organizational and general supply of the troops”.
These arms threats have led NATO countries to increase their defense budget, in order to safeguard the interests of the Treaty and ensure the defense of the values ​​that unite the member countries of the Alliance as well as the member countries of the Alliance. European Union in this attempt to increase budget allocations for defense and arms growth.

 

[Montuno]

I am concerned right now, more than a nuclear escalation with what it could mean, the use of chemical weapons or/and that Russia will be smart enough to revive an old conventional conflict far from its borders, but with land border with the EU, and involving the main alternative source of gas and phosphates for the EU versus Russian, what a new "War of the Sands" would look like, right now?
This "reassuring" article of December 29, 2021, requires a new, and very disturbing, re-reading, in view of Putin's invasion of Ukraine:

Opinion
Peter Channels

Wed, 12/29/2021 - 06:00

Morocco and Algeria: will there be war in 2022?

The foreign chancelleries present in the two capitals of the central Maghreb, Rabat and Algiers , are insistently questioning the possibility of a war between Algeria and Morocco that according to some would break out in 2022.
The accumulation of crisis factors between the two countries, the arms race in which they are involved, and the contradictory and largely antagonistic interests of both, raises concern and fear of a possible large-scale armed conflict in North Africa.
However, the war hypothesis seems excluded, despite the alarms raised, fueled in large part by the powerful international lobbyists of the arms market.
To fully understand what is at stake, it is worth reflecting on several points :
- First of all, for there to be a war, there have to be two opposing camps, alone as countries or in coalition with other allies. In the case of the Maghreb, both parties have made it known through "sources close to power" - the Moroccan Royal Palace and the Algerian Armed Forces - that they do not want war, "but if it is inevitable, they say, they are prepared". However, the “sources” are anonymous, which leaves room for some uncertainty. No official source adopts a clear position on the military crusade, neither for nor against.
- Secondly, in order to reach a military confrontation, there are various phases that must be passed through. Only the last of them entails the unleashing of hostilities, because once the war machines are set in motion, going back becomes very difficult, if not impossible.
- Some of these steps prior to the armed conflict have already been completed: rupture of diplomatic relations; total cooling of economic and trade relations; annulment of contracts of joint ventures that operated in both countries;suspension of the bilateral contract for the common use of the Maghreb-Europe Gas Pipeline linking Algeria-Morocco-Spain and Portugal; ban on Moroccan civil and military flights over Algerian airspace; cancellation of international meetings of a multilateral nature in which both countries could be present (absence of the Moroccan and Algerian ministers at the meeting of the Union for the Mediterranean in Barcelona; suspension of the meeting in Marrakesh Russia-Arab World, in which the Algerian minister was invited; harsh dialectical clashes between the two diplomacies in various United Nations forums).



- In any case, and despite the fact that the bridges are being broken one by one in bilateral relations, the strategic interests of both countries do not collide at the moment. Each of them has their own plan that is working and is not hindered by the rival.
- In order for a bilateral military confrontation to occur, different guidelines must be reached :
o War is the last instrument for defending the country's strategic interests, which include national security and the projection of the country as an actor on an international scale. But before this last step, there are others through which Algeria or Morocco defend their vital interests. Morocco maintains its program of strategic alliances and its projection on the five continents intact. Algeria does the same, and the talks with its allies that mostly revolve around the question of Western Sahara, as well as the negotiations with the countries focused on the sale of hydrocarbons, gas and oil, are not affected at all. for the crisis with Morocco.
o The impossibility of international mediation succeeding. Different allied capitals of both countries are trying: Washington, Moscow, Paris, Beijing, Djeddah, Abu Dhabi. Until now no mediation has been successful, but both capitals do not close the doors to mediators. Although Rabat maintains a more open and dialoguing posture than its neighbor Algiers, the mediations are stalled.
o The accumulation of war material must reach a level where victory over the enemy is conceivable. In case of equilibrium, as is the case today, neither of them will dare to make the first move. Until now, and despite the magnitude of the annual arms acquisition, which ranges between 6.5% of GDP for Morocco, and no less than 10% of GDP for Algeria, these enormous arsenals are not solely intended to confront the other , but are part of the geo-political rivalry between the two countries in North Africa and the Western Mediterranean. The military Doctrine in both countries is based on the consideration that “to have weight on the international geopolitical scene , we must have modern and quality Armed Forces”.
o On the other hand, given the geographical, historical and socio-political considerations that prevail in each of the two countries, the invasion of the adversary's territory by ground troops is excluded. Neither Army is in a position to sustain a ground incursion into the other for long, barring small incursions into the border area . The military conflict, if it occurs, would be limited to the use of the navy, aviation or land defense, to attack the enemy's positions from a distance.
o Neither country has a fifth column inside the enemy. Despite the fact that important sectors of public opinion and political formations are against the unleashing of hostilities, in the event of a conflict it is foreseeable that "patriotic unity for the defense of the country" will take place.
o The media campaigns that are being carried out in both countries, loaded with accusations and insults, are due more to the need to divert public opinion's attention from the real internal problems that exist in each one of them , caused by the effects of the pandemic, the growing socio-economic difficulties or the mismanagement of the economy, one hundred percent dependent on oil in the Algerian case, and on tourism and agriculture, in the Moroccan.
o The legal limbo in terms of international legality, in which the Western Sahara conflict finds itself, is not the cause of the crisis between Morocco and Algeria, although it is an aggravating factor. In previous times, for example, during the so-called War of the Sands in 1963, the armed confrontations in 1976, and in the 1980s in the midst of an armed confrontation between the Moroccan Armed Forces and the Polisario Front guerrillas, which caused thousands of deaths, injuries and prisoners, diplomatic relations between Algeria and Morocco were maintained. For foreign chancelleries, there are no compelling reasons for the unilateral rupture of diplomatic relations decreed by Algiers on August 24.. None of Algeria's traditional allies, neither on the African continent, nor in the Arab world, nor on a global scale, such as Russia, China, Cuba, South Africa, Syria or Palestine among them, has given its support to this rupture. All leading international actors call on both countries to peacefully resolve the crisis, including in it the pragmatic and definitive political solution of the situation in Western Sahara based on the proposal for advanced autonomy of the region under international guarantees.



Related content
The incessant Morocco-Algeria crisis ends up splashing Spain in 2021
Morocco and Algeria are involved in an arms race in the face of rising tensions



https://atalayar.com/blog/marruecos-...guerra-en-2022

 

[HempKat]

Ukraine is about covering up crimes. Russia is cleaning it up for the world.

NATO blew it when they went to Afghanistan and should have been dissolved with the Soviet Union was.

They are nothing but a moistly US taxpayer paid for Globalist/EU army.

First of all NATO is an entirely taxpayer paid army as part of the agreement every country commits to is that they contribute I believe 2% of their GDP for each nation's military contribution towards NATO but that's not the evil thing you try to paint it as, that's what they all agreed to when NATO was created after WWII and with the way Hitler almost took over the world and the way the USSR was going around invading sovereign nations and making them part of the USSR (killing civilians, destroying infrastructure and raping women pretty much just like they're still doing in Ukraine) everyone including the taxpayers were only too happy to see some of their money make this protection possible. Also it wasn't Afghanistan where one could argue NATO blew it, Afghanistan was the base of operations for Al-Qaeda which had just attacked the US and per the NATO charter an attack on one is an attack on all so they were essentially bond to go there by article 5 If anything could be argued was where NATO messed up it was when they went to Iraq when Bush pulled out of Afghanistan claiming Saddam was developing WMD to attack the US with. Except it wasn't truely NATO since all of NATO didn't go to Iraq because Iraq had yet to attack America so article 5 didn't apply there. Only the UK, Australia and Poland joined the US invasion of Iraq but they did that as US allies not NATO (yes you can be an ally as well as a member of NATO. Later on NATO did send a mission to Iraq from 2004 to 2011, where NATO conducted a relatively small but important support operation in Iraq that consisted of training, mentoring and assisting the Iraqi security forces. Surely you don't object to NATO help the people of a country one of it's members invaded to become self sufficient so the US could leave? Gee for a guy trying to make a case against NATO you sure don't seem to know Jack about NATO or it's history. I guess you just trust that since Putin says NATO is bad then it must be true. Of course Putin thinks NATO is bad because it's NATO that is blocking his Imperialist agenda.

Also I find it funny you seem to think the US is this evil militaristic nation that aggressively goes around invading countries in order to bring about regime change which is exactly what Putin and Russia is doing with Ukraine and yet when they do it you think Putin is just cleaning Ukraine up for the world. You're nothing but a hypocritical sack of shit that doesn't even know the history you try to argue.

 

[HempKat]

More people have died from being saved by the US than would have died if we just let them to themselves.

Obama was the Drone king.

‘Hey, Hey, USA! How Many Bombs Did You Drop Today?’

https://progressive.org/latest/usa-bombs-drop-benjamin-davies-220112/

Over the past twenty years, as documented in the table below, U.S. and allied air forces have dropped more than 337,000 bombs and missiles on other countries—an average of forty-six strikes per day. This endless bombardment has not only been deadly and devastating for its victims, but is also broadly recognized as seriously undermining international peace and security, diminishing the United States’ standing in the world.

Now, even in the face of the Taliban takeover in Afghanistan, they are doubling down on their success at selling this counterfactual narrative to the public to reignite their old Cold War with Russia and China, dramatically and predictably increasing the risk of nuclear war.

The new Airpower Summary data reveal that the United States has dropped another 3,246 bombs and missiles on Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria (2,068 under Trump and 1,178 under Biden) since the end of February 2020.

Well the problem with the data you're distorting here is that in the past 20 years the battles where the US dropped bombs wasn't the US just deciding to go in and save people, They were fighting against an enemy attacking them and at least when the US drops bombs they actually make an effort to avoid civilian targets. That's not to say that they always hit their target and so yeah some civilians became casualties but not like what Russia has been doing in Ukraine, Russia has destroyed entire cites that were nothing but civilians with no military targets anywhere for miles.

Your argument is bogus though you're basically trying to make the case that just because the US brutally bombed places it's okay for Russia to do the same. Two wrongs don't make a right though. At least the US didn't hide it from it's citizens, they didn't shut down news agencies or block the internet so Americans couldn't find out what it was doing, the way Russia is doing with it's citizens so they don't know the truth of what Russia is doing in Ukraine. Most of those bombing runs in that 337,000 number were concentrated in brief attacks like the US shock and Awe attack on Baghdad which was pretty much broadcast live on the nightly news by reporters they had embedded with the US Forces. The US hasn't been literally doing 46 strikes per day the way you and the article you quoted try to say. That report only exists because the US is honest and open about what they do. There were a lot of upset citizens that protested the wars of the past 20 years and they were able to do so without the fear of being thrown in jail for 15 years just for saying the word "war" like Russia did with the 15,000 people who tried to protest the war in Ukraine.

 

[Montuno]

Petrochemical, here is the full article on the expedition to the Southeast USA, which does not exist in English on Wikipedia.
If you have interest in opening a new thread on the subject, I will collaborate in what I can, but apart from my "Spanish vision", it would be necessary to know the vision and opinion of the natives of USA and their descendants.
If you do not wish to open another thread, and the creator of this WAR thread still approves that we do not only talk about the current war in Ukraine, the topic would continue well under the title WAR, because the Spanish explorations of the time involve invasions and wars...As now, to become a World Superpower in the military, it is necessary to spill a lot of blood...
Then, if I may, I can tell you about a figure much more amazing than Hernando de Soto, and who walked across half the United States and half of Mexico: Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca.

Pd: I see you are very interested in the subject: maybe you are descended from Native Americans?



Expedition of Hernando de Soto in Florida

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The one known as the Hernando de Soto expedition (1539-1543) was an unsuccessful Spanish campaign aimed at colonizing Spanish Florida , led by Hernando de Soto from Extremadura . It was the first European expedition to go deep into what is now the territory of the United States , and the first documented to have crossed the Mississippi River. [SUP][ 2 ][/SUP] Pursuing the same goals as Juan Ponce de León (1513), Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón (1526) and Pánfilo de Narváez(1527-1536) was a vast company that with more than 600 men wandered throughout the southeastern United States in search of gold, silver and a passage to China. De Soto died in 1542 on the banks of the Mississippi River in what is now Arkansas and Louisiana.
A proposal for the route followed by Hernando de Soto's expedition, based on the 1997 map by Charles M. Hudson . [SUP][ 1[/SUP] ]


Map of Florida, as it was discovered/explored by Hernando de Soto. Map engraved in Leide, by Pieter van der Aa.


Under the command of Luis de Moscoso Alvarado , and after having traveled on foot much of the south of what is now the United States and then sailing along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, the 300 to 350 survivors managed to return to Mexico City in 1543.
From the point of view of the Spanish the expedition, although it claimed much of North America for Spain, was a failure since they did not acquire gold or prosperity or found colonies, although the records of the expedition contributed greatly to European knowledge. of the geography, biology and ethnology of the New World. The expedition changed the attitude of the Crown towards the interior of the continent and the Spanish henceforth concentrated their campaigns in the current state of Florida and along the Pacific coast.

BackgroundEdit Engraving from the Library of Congress .
«HERNANDO DE SOTO: Extremaduran, one of the discoverers and conqueror of Peru: he toured all of Florida and defeated his invincible natives until then; he died in his expedition: the year of 1543 at the age of 42 of his ».


In 1536 Hernando de Soto was already a well-known conquistador who had successfully participated in the conquest of Peru and who had returned to Spain with great wealth. He had gone to America in 1514 with Pedro Arias Dávila , with only a shield and his sword, landing in Panama. In 1523 he was already leading a cavalry unit and went with Francisco Hernández de Córdoba on his journey of discovery and colonization through Nicaragua and Honduras , where he gained fame as a horseman, and as a combatant of excellent tactics.
In 1528 de Soto led his own expedition along the Yucatan coast, hoping to find the direct sea connection between the Atlantic and the Pacific. He later accompanied Francisco Pizarro , as a captain, in his company in Peru. De Soto discovered the city of Cajas and with an advance party of fifty men, he was sent by Governor Pizarro to the city of Cuzco , the capital of the Inca empire, in order to open the way for the rest of the troops. Along the way he faced Quisquis's army numerous times, winning several battles and losing some. He was rescued by Diego de Almagroand together they entered the imperial city. After Atahualpa had been arrested during the Battle of Cajamarca in 1532, de Soto visited him often during his confinement, and a friendship developed between them. He was sent north to look for Rumiñahui's army and to unite with Sebastián de Belalcázar , but what was really sought was to distance him in order to avoid the presence of one of the Inca's defenders and prevent his execution. Finally, de Soto decides to withdraw from Peru and return to Spain taking with him approximately 100,000 pesos of gold, his share of the conquest of the Inca empire.
He went to Seville, where he married in 1537 Inés de Bobadilla , the daughter of Dávila, who belonged to one of the most respectable families in Castile, with influence in the Spanish court. De Soto, having seen the legendary resources of Peru, when he read the report written by Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca —one of four survivors of Pánfilo de Narváez 's disastrous attempt to conquer Florida—suspected that similar wealth must exist there. De Soto saw his chance to make a famous conquest like those of Pizarro or Cortés.
Thanks to his contacts and fame, he managed to meet in 1538 with Emperor Charles V , from whom he requested authorization for a new expedition to Florida, which he would pay for with his own means and offer the Crown half of the company's profits. The emperor appointed him in advance, captain general of all the discovered lands and governor of Cuba. De Soto sold much of his property and equipped himself to carry out the expedition in those almost unexplored lands. His mission would be to conquer, locate, and "pacify" the unknown territories. He pledged his entire fortune, but in the event of success, he would be the owner of an immense territory, practically everything to the north of the then Viceroyalty of New Spain.
Preparations for the expedition in CubaEdit

With the promise of great riches, De Soto easily managed to gather a troop of soldiers willing to go to America. Accompanied by Isabel, he left Sanlúcar de Barrameda on April 6, 1538, captaining the flagship San Cristóbal , with ten more ships and 950 men-at-arms, eight priests, two Dominicans, a Franciscan and a Trinitarian. The expedition arrived in Santiago de Cuba on June 7, 1538, and in the month of August Isabel left with her family and the infantry, in the five ships that made up the fleet, heading for the town of Havana , while Soto, his officers and cavalry, made the trip by land. At Christmas of that year the whole family was already gathered in Havana.
After almost a year of preparations and resolving government issues, on May 17, 1539, after making a will and leaving his position as administrator of the archipelago to his wife Isabel —who administered the archipelago as Governor and Captain General between 1539 and 1544, the first and the only woman who held the highest authority on the Island, during the long colonial period of four centuries—de Soto left Havana at the head of the expedition to Florida, the best equipped of all those that left the island.

The expeditionEditIn Florida (1539 - early 1540)Edit

Hernando de Soto in Tampa Bay in 1539 . [SUP][ 3[/SUP] ]


In May 1539, de Soto landed with nine ships and over 620 men and 220 horses in southern Tampa Bay , which he named Espiritu Santo . The ships carried priests, artisans, engineers, farmers, and merchants; some with their families, some from Cuba, most from Europe and Africa. Few had previously traveled outside of Spain, or even their home villages. de Soto's goal was to colonize the area, preferably looking for a city like Cuzco or Mexico City.and for this reason they carried several tons of supplies, tools, weapons, cannons, as well as domestic animals such as mules, cows, pigs and chickens, as well as some ferocious dogs that protected by armor would provoke the terror of the Indians.
Near the port of de Soto, the party encountered Juan Ortiz , a Spaniard, who was living with the Mocosos . Ortiz had arrived in Florida on a ship intended to supply Narváez's expedition and was captured by the Uzica , a Calusa tribe. Chief Hirrihigua's daughter served as a precursor to Pocahontas asking for Ortiz's life, since his father had ordered him to be burned alive. Ortiz survived captivity and torture and had later escaped to Mocoso. Ortiz knew the terrain and language of the Timucuas and served de Soto as a guide and interpreter as he traversed the Timucua-speaking areas on his way to Apalachee . [SUP][ 4[/SUP]]
The natives had had bad experiences with the previous expedition of Pánfilo de Narváez . de Soto's troops were much less brutal and did not capture Indians to use as laborers and guides, did not rape women or pillage villages for food for their men and horses as Narvaez had done. He installed Christian crosses in the holy places of the Indians. To ensure the development of the expedition, the Spanish did often capture the chiefs of the local tribes, who held them hostage while they crossed their territory.
De Soto established a unique method of guiding the expedition and establishing communication with various tribal dialects. He recruited guides from each tribe along the route and established a chain of communication whereby a guide who had lived in close proximity to another tribal area was able to pass information and language to another guide from a neighboring area. Because Ortiz refused to dress as a Spanish hidalgo, other officials questioned his motives. De Soto was loyal to Ortiz and allowed him to dress freely and live among his friends. Another important guide was Perico, or Pedro, seventeen years old, who participated in the expedition from present-day Georgia. He spoke several of the local tribal languages ​​and was able to communicate with Ortiz. Perico was taken as a guide in 1540 and was treated better than the rest of the slaves, due to his value to the Spanish.
The expedition traveled north, exploring the west coast of Florida, encountering swamp country that was plagued by mosquitoes, snakes, and alligators, and was extremely hot, humid, and unhealthy. They suffered ambushes and conflicts with the natives on the way. De Soto's first winter camp was at Anhaica , the capital of the Apalachee , near Lake Tallahas . It is one of the few places on the route where archaeologists have found physical remains of the expedition. It was described as being close to "horse bay"of the Narvaez expedition. The bay had been named because the starving members of Narvaez's expedition had had to kill and eat their horses, while building boats to escape the region.
In Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, Alabama, and Mississippi (1540)Edit

De Soto's men burn down Mabila , illustration by Herb Roe .


From its winter location in the western panhandle of Florida, having heard that gold was being mined "to where the sun rises," the expedition set out again in March 1540 and continued northeast through what today it is the modern state of Georgia. Archaeological finds were recently made at a remote, privately owned site near the Ocmulgee River in Telfair County . These finds include nine commercial glass beads, some of which bear a chevron pattern believed to be indicative of de Soto's expedition. Six metallic objects were also found, including a silver pendant and some iron tools.[SUP][ 5 ] [/SUP][SUP]​[ 6[/SUP] ]
Hearing about the famous gold treasure of Cofitachequi (an Indian chief), and accompanied by the ocutes , some friendly natives, the expedition continued marching for weeks, hungry and thirsty, with porters who did not know how to cross the territories of Cofitachequi. However, in mid-May, the expedition discovered the tribe's capital, located at the site now known as Columbia ., in South Carolina. They received the Spanish with a relatively friendly welcome and in exchange for pearls, they gave them food and other goods. The Spanish demanded to see the city's gold immediately. Upon closer examination the "gold" turned out to be simple copper. They found some weapons and some gold pieces in the city, coming from a previous coastal expedition (presumably that of Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón , 1526).
De Soto continued north into the Appalachian Mountains region of North Carolina , where they came within a hair's breadth of annihilation and where he spent a month resting the horses while his men panned for gold. De Soto then entered East Tennessee . At this point, De Soto would have continued along the Tennessee River into Alabama .from the north (according to John R. Swanton), or else it would have gone south and entered north Georgia (according to Charles M. Hudson). The route that Swanton proposed in 1939 is still generally accepted by most archaeologists and by the United States government as the route of de Soto's expedition. The maps in this article (and others) represent the route proposed by Charles Hudson, but have not been corroborated by archaeological evidence, and are not considered the consensus route among scholars.
The expedition spent another month in the Coosa chiefdom before turning south toward the Gulf of Mexico to rendezvous with two ships that would bring them fresh supplies from Havana . Along the way, de Soto was taken to Mauvila (or Mabila ), a heavily fortified town in southern Alabama. [SUP][ 7 ][/SUP] The Choctaw tribe , led by chieftain Tascalusa (or Tuskaloosa), ambushed Soto's army. [SUP][ 7 ][/SUP] Other sources suggest de Soto's men were attacked after trying to force their way into a cabin occupied by Tascalusa. [SUP][ 8][/SUP] The Spanish forced their way out, and retaliated by burning the city to the ground. During the encounter, which lasted about nine hours, some 200 Spaniards died and 150 more were seriously injured, according to the Elvas chronicler. [SUP][ 9 ][/SUP] Twenty more died over the next few weeks. They killed an estimated 2,000-6,000 warriors at Mabila, in combat or executed, making the battle one of the bloodiest in North American recorded history. [SUP][ 10[/SUP] ]
The Spanish achieved a Pyrrhic victory , as they lost most of their supplies and some forty horses, almost a quarter of what they had. They were wounded and sick, surrounded by enemies and unarmed in unknown territory. [SUP][ 8 ][/SUP] While the men of de Soto's troop lost hope and from then on only wanted to return to the coast, board the ships that would resupply them and return to Cuba, de Soto still dreamed of making new discoveries. Fearing that the men would desert if they reached the ships, de Soto led them away from the Gulf Coast into present-day Mississippi, most likely near present-day Tupelo .where they spent the winter.
West through Mississippi, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Texas (1541)Edit

Reconstruction of the fortified capital Casqui (in Arkansas), found by de Soto in 1541, according to an illustration by Herb Roe .


Discovery of the Mississippi by William H. Powell (1823–1879) is a romanticized depiction of de Soto's first sighting of the Mississippi River. The work hangs in the Capitol Rotunda .


In the spring of 1541, the expedition returned north, where they encountered the Chickasaw tribe and de Soto demanded 200 men as porters. They refused his request and attacked the Spanish camp during the night. The Spanish lost about 40 men and the rest of their limited equipment. According to participating chroniclers, the expedition may have been destroyed at this point, but the Chickasaw let them go, perhaps surprised by their success.
On May 8, 1541, de Soto's troops reached the Mississippi River . ( Alonso Álvarez de Pineda had been the first European to see it in 1519, and sailed it some twenty miles upriver. [SUP][ 2 ][/SUP] ) De Soto showed little interest in this discovery as it was an obstacle to his mission. He and his 400 men had to cross the wide and mighty river, which was constantly being patrolled by hostile natives. After about a month, and building several vessels, they finally managed to cross the Mississippi at or near Memphis , continuing their journey west through present-day Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. They returned to winter in Autiamique, on the Arkansas River .
In 1541, the members of the expedition were the first Europeans to see what the natives referred to as the Valley of the Vapors, now called Hot Springs , Arkansas. Members of many tribes had gathered in the valley for many years to enjoy the healing properties of the hot springs. The tribes had developed agreements to lay down their weapons and partake of the healing waters in peace while they were in the valley. De Soto and his men stayed long enough to claim the area for Spain. [SUP][ citation needed ][/SUP]
After a harsh winter, the Spanish expedition left and moved more erratically. Their interpreter Juan Ortiz had died, making it more difficult for them to get directions and food sources, and generally communicate with the natives. The expedition went as far inland as the Caddo River , where they clashed with a native tribe called the Tula in October 1541. [SUP][ 11 ][/SUP] The Spanish characterized them as the most skilled and dangerous warriors they had encountered. [SUP][ 12 ][/SUP] This may have occurred in the area of ​​present-day Caddo Gap, Arkansas (a monument stands in that community). Finally, the Spanish returned to the Mississippi River.
Death of de Soto (1542)Edit

Burial of de Soto.


De Soto died of a fever on May 21, 1542, in the native town of Guachoya (historical sources disagree as to whether de Soto died near present-day McArthur , Arkansas, or in Louisiana) [SUP][ 13 ][/SUP] on the west bank of the Mississippi. [SUP][ 14 ][/SUP] Before his death, de Soto chose his former field teacher (or field commander) Luis de Moscoso Alvarado to assume command of the expedition. [SUP][ 15[/SUP] ]
Since de Soto had encouraged among the local natives the belief that he was an immortal sun god (as a ploy to gain their submission without conflict, although some of the natives had already become skeptical of de Soto's claims of deity) , his men had to hide his death and the real location of his grave is unknown. According to one source, de Soto's men hid his body in sand-weighted blankets and sank it in the middle of the Mississippi River overnight [SUP][ 13 ][/SUP] (Lake Providence, Louisiana, and Lake Village, Arkansas state ). that De Soto is buried in his respective lake).
Return of the expedition to Mexico CityEdit

The de Soto expedition had explored Florida for three years without finding the expected treasures or a welcoming place to establish a settlement. They had lost almost half their men, most of the horses had died, the soldiers wore animal skins for clothing, and many were wounded and in poor health. The leaders reached a consensus (although not complete) to abort the expedition and try to find a way home, either up the Mississippi River, or overland through Texas to the Spanish colony of Mexico City.
They decided that it would be too difficult and time-consuming to build new ships and that sailing the Gulf of Mexico would be too risky, so they headed southwest overland. They eventually reached a region in present-day Texas that was very arid. The native populations had dwindled to subsistence as hunter-gatherers. There were no villages for the soldiers to pillage for food, and the army was too large to live off the land. They were forced to turn back to the more developed agricultural regions along the Mississippi. They began to build seven brigantines. [SUP][ 15 ][/SUP]They melted down all the iron, including horse shoes and slave shackles, to make nails for ships. Winter came and went, and spring floods delayed them another two months, but in July they set off up the Mississippi toward the coast.
It took about two weeks to make the journey, and the expedition encountered hostile tribes along the way. The natives followed the ships in canoes, shooting arrows at the soldiers for days as they drifted through their territory. The Spanish had no effective offensive weapons in the water, as their crossbows gave them a lot of work. They used the armor and mats to avoid the arrows. Some 11 Spaniards were killed along this stretch and many more were wounded.
Arriving at the mouth of the Mississippi, they stayed close to the Gulf Coast, heading south and then west. After about 50 days, they reached the Pánuco River and the Spanish border town of Pánuco . There they rested for about a month. During this time many of the Spaniards, having recovered their health and reflecting on their achievements, decided that they had left Florida early, leading to fights and some deaths. However, after arriving in Mexico City and Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza y Pachecooffered to take another expedition to Florida, very few of the survivors volunteered. Of the first 700 participants, between 300 and 350 survived (311 is a commonly accepted figure). Most of the men stayed in the New World, settling in Mexico, Peru, Cuba, and other Spanish colonies.

Effects of the expedition in North AmericaEdit

Reverse of a $500 Federal Reserve Note​

Girsch's engraving of de Soto's Discovery of the Mississippi (Powell's painting)​

From the point of view of the Spanish, de Soto's excursion in Florida was a failure. They acquired neither gold nor any prosperity nor did they found colonies. But the expedition had several important consequences and contributed to the process of the Columbian Exchange : for example, some of de Soto's domestic pigs escaped and became the ancestors of the humpback pigs of the Southeastern United States . [SUP][ 16 ] [/SUP][SUP]​[[/SUP][SUP]17 [/SUP][SUP]] [/SUP][SUP]​[[/SUP][SUP]18 [/SUP][SUP]] [/SUP][SUP]​[[/SUP][SUP]19 [/SUP][SUP]] [/SUP][SUP]​[[/SUP][SUP]20[/SUP] ]
De Soto was instrumental in contributing to the development of a hostile relationship between many Native American tribes and Europeans. When the expedition encountered hostile natives in the new lands, his men were often the ones to instigate the clashes. [SUP][ 21[/SUP] ]
More devastating than the battles were the diseases transmitted by the members of the expedition. Because they lacked immunity to Eurasian diseases, the indigenous peoples suffered from epidemics after contracting infectious diseases, such as measles , smallpox , and chicken pox . Several areas the expedition crossed became depopulated by disease caused by contact with Europeans. Many natives fled from the populated areas that had been affected by the diseases to the surrounding hills and swamps. In some areas, the social structure changed due to population losses due to epidemics. [SUP][ 22[/SUP] ]
The records of the expedition greatly contributed to European knowledge of the geography, biology, and ethnology of the New World. The expeditionaries' descriptions of North American natives were the earliest known source of information about societies in the Southeast. They are the only European description of native habits before the natives encountered other Europeans. De Soto's men were the first, and almost the last, Europeans to witness the Mississippian culture .
De Soto's expedition led the Spanish Crown to reconsider Spain's attitude towards the northern colonies of Mexico . He claimed much of North America for Spain. The Spanish concentrated their missions in what is now the state of Florida and along the Pacific coast.

HistoriographyEditHistorians have worked to trace the route of de Soto's expedition in North America, a controversial process in recent years. Local politicians have vied to have their towns associated with the expedition. The most widely used version of De Soto's trail ( De Soto's Trail ) comes from a study commissioned by the United States Congress . A committee chaired by anthropologist John R. Swanton published in 1939 The Final Report of the United States De Soto Expedition Commission . Among other locations, Manatee County, Florida, claims to be de Soto's approximate landing site and has a national memorial recognizing that event. [SUP][ 23 ][/SUP] The early part of the expedition's course, up to de Soto's battle at Mabila (a small fortress town in present-day central Alabama [SUP][ 24 ][/SUP] ), is disputed in only minor detail today. His route past Mabila is controversial. Swanton reported that Soto's route runs from there through Mississippi , Arkansas , and Texas .
Historians have more recently considered archaeological reconstructions and the oral history of the different Native American peoples that the expedition recounted. Most of the historical places have been altered by new buildings. More than 450 years have already passed between the events and the current storytellers (but some oral histories that have been found seem to be very accurate about the historical events).
Since 1986, two Florida sites have been definitively documented as being associated with the Hernando de Soto expedition: the Gobernador Martin Site, in the former Appalachian settlement of Anhaica , situated one mile east of the present Florida capital at Tallahassee ; and the White Ranch Site in Potano territory located a few miles north of Ocala . The Governor Martin Site was discovered by archaeologist B. Calvin Jones in March 1987 and the White Ranch Site was discovered by archaeologist F. Ashley White in July 2005. [SUP][ 25 ] [/SUP][SUP]​[[/SUP][SUP]26 [/SUP][SUP]] [/SUP][SUP]​[[/SUP][SUP]27 [/SUP][SUP]][/SUP]​
Many archaeologists believe that the Parkin site in northeastern Arkansas was the main town of the Casqui Province , which de Soto reported. They base this on similarities between descriptions in de Soto's expedition journals and artifacts of European origin discovered at the site in the 1960s. [SUP][ 28 ] [/SUP][SUP][[/SUP][SUP]29[/SUP] ]
Theories of de Soto's route are based on the accounts of four chroniclers of the expedition. The first account to be published was that of the Knight of Elvas, an unidentified Portuguese knight who was a member of the expedition. His chronicle was first published in 1557 (the English translation, by Richard Hakluyt , was published in 1609 [SUP][ 30 ][/SUP] ). Factor del Rey (the agent responsible for royal property) with the expedition, Luys Hernández de Biedma, wrote a report that is still extant and that was presented in the Royal Archives in Spain in 1544 (and translated into English by Buckingham Smith and published in 1851 [SUP][ 31 ][/SUP]​). De Soto's secretary, Rodrigo Ranjel, kept a diary that has been lost, but was apparently used by Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés for La historia general y natural de las Indias . Oviedo died in 1557, but the part of his work that has Ranjel's diary was not published until 1851 (the English translation was published in 1904). The fourth is the chronicle of Inca Garcilaso de la Vega , El Inca . Garcilaso did not participate in the expedition and wrote his account, La Florida (known in English as The Florida of the Inca), decades after the expedition and based on interviews with some of the survivors. The book was first published in 1605. Historians have found problems with using La Florida as a historical account. Milanich and Hudson warn that Garcilaso is unreliable, detailing serious problems in the sequence and location of the cities and events in his narrative, adding: "some historians consider Garcilaso's Florida to be more of a work of literature than a work of history." [SUP][ 32 ][/SUP] Lankford characterizes La Florida as a collection of legendary narratives, derived from an oral tradition much told by the survivors of the expedition. [SUP][ 33 ][/SUP] Milanich and Hudson note that early translations of the chronicles are often "relatively free translations in which the translators took considerable latitude with the Spanish and Portuguese text". [SUP][ 34[/SUP] ]
The chronicles describe de Soto's route in relation to Havana, from which they sailed; the Gulf of Mexico , which they skirted inland and through which they later turned back; the Atlantic Ocean , which they approached during their second year; high mountains, which they traversed immediately afterwards; and dozens of other landforms along its path, such as large rivers and swamps, at recorded intervals. Bearing in mind that the natural geography has not changed much since the time of the expedition, scholars have analyzed these journals with modern topographical intelligence, making a very accurate description of de Soto's route.


https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expe..._en_La_Florida

 

[Three Berries]

You are watching the death of US supremacy. To try and maintain that what we have the US will be willing to keep this going to the point of using nuclear arms.
The US government as it is now is corrupt and blackmailed into doing the Globalsit demands.

The human trafficking networks out of Ukraine. The drug smuggling out of Ukraine. The money laundering going on in Ukraine. The NAZIs are real in Ukraine. The BioLabs are real in Ukraine. This is what we are fighting to maintain.

And they are not a part of NATO. So tell me how NATO is not a problem.

 

[Montuno]

And about what you ask me, Petrochemical about expanding on the interectuations between De Soto and the Native American Tula / Caddo people I refer you to this current document in English from the Caddo tribe itself, in which they present and comment on their history up to today, with several chapters, I believe, desiccated to their interaction with Spain
I haven't read the whole thing yet:

https://books.google.com/books/about...d=eYtJfJ9yDEQC

Pd: the "bloodhounds" dogs, were in reality the ancestors of Álano Español, Cimarrón Uruguayo, Presa Argentino, Presa Canario y/o Mastín Español Leones dog breds.

Pd 2: Maybe only a concidence, but the "8 points Caddo' Star" is very similar to the "8 points Tartessic' Star", in my Avatar...
Tartessic' Stars:

(She looks just like my cousinin by father blood's O. at her age, heh).

 

[Creeperpark]

Montuno, Tus publicaciones son muy aleccionadoras.

 

[Montuno]

Montuno, Tus publicaciones son muy aleccionadoras.

Thank you very much. About these last ones of the explorations, invasions, wars and alliances, between Spaniards and natives of the USA, Petrochemical has asked me to expand them; I have already told him that if you thought that they fit in the subject of your thread, I would be delighted. Although I would love to see more sources from the native side.
Now, about the South West of USA:


National Geographic.
History.
U.S.A.; México; Spain

Themes / Wars
spaniards and comanches, the war in new mexico

Towards the end of the 18th century, after having reached peace agreements with the Pueblo Indians and the Apaches, the Spanish of New Mexico faced the ruthless and warlike Comanches

wars History of Spain

updated to July 28, 2017 10:26​

Comanche attack on the mission of San Sabá (Texas)

On March 16, 1758, some 2,000 Comanches sacked the enclave and killed two friars.

Horses, bison and weapons

By 1770, trading horses and bison meat and hides, as well as slaves for ransom, enabled Comanches to procure all kinds of manufactured goods—from guns and knives to cloth—from the French, British, and Americans. Spanish people; horses and weapons lent them an enormous military advantage. Above, the church of Las Trampas (Texas), a former Spanish enclave on the Comanche frontier.

The Comanche Warriors

19th century Comanche ceremonial shield. Ethnological Museum, Berlin.

Pd: Note the hispanocomanche syncretism.


apache chieftain

Painting of an Apache warrior from around the year 1800. Representation by Claudio Linati.

Pd: Typical Pura Raza Española or Hispano-Arabian type horse, the main origin of the current American Mustang.


Juan Bautista de Anza

Portrait of Juan Bautista de Anza, explorer and governor of New Mexico between 1778 and 1788. The work, by an unknown author, was possibly painted from a previous oil portrait of Fray Orsi in 1774.

n 1775, the Spanish Governor of New Mexico, Don Pedro Fermín de Mendinueta , reported that, during that year, the Spanish had buried six New Mexicans for every Comanche dead. The Comanches roamed freelyby the current states of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado and New Mexico. In the latter, even Santa Fe, the capital, suffered threats and incursions from the new owners of the prairies. In fact, the town of Pecos, about 40 kilometers east of the capital, and Galisteo, less than 50 kilometers to the south, were the most affected populations. Since 1750, both places had lost half of their population. The attacks had become so frequent that the survivors no longer dared to work the fields and in the summer of 1776 they lived on old animal skins cooked in the form of bacon or, failing these, they fried the soles of old shoes.

Gone are both the almost one hundred years that the Spaniards of New Mexico had taken to find peace with the Pueblo Indians and the recent agreements with the Apaches, the tribe that, thanks to the horses brought by the Spaniards to the New World, had become owner of the great prairies since the mid-seventeenth century. The Spanish had built their most important cities next to the settlements of the Pueblos , and the survival of both depended on mutual understanding. Relations with the Apaches had reached such a level of trust that they left their wives and children with the Spaniards when the men went out to hunt buffalo for several months.But it seemed that the Spanish had chosen to ally with the wrong tribe.


SCALP HUNTERS

One of the reasons the Apaches had made peace with the Spanish was to seek protection from the Comanches, who had taken over the prairies in the late 18th century. They had displaced the Apaches from the fertile lands and the latter had found relief in the barren lands and under the protection of the Spanish.

The horse had become the key element in a war that the Comanches completely dominated.​

Comanche society had expanded thanks to its mastery of the art of war and the fact that its social hierarchy was based on the exploits of its warriors . The Comanches collected scalps from their victims, and these were more important if they had been removed in the heat of battle and not when the enemy had already died. The horse had become the key element in a war that the Comanches completely dominated.In addition, they had the best firearms that could be found in the region thanks to the French, who had always helped the most powerful tribes to stop the British expansion to the west; not even the Spanish had as many muskets as the Comanches. Governor De Anza himself bought firearms from Comanches at the Taos fair. The Comanches did not take prisoners: they had no place to keep them prisoners. And in battle they showed no compassion for their enemies, just as they did not expect it if they were defeated. In battle, the Comanche fought to the death.
UNANSWERED ATTACKS

The Spanish were not prepared for the war that the Comanches were carrying out . The Apaches had generally been content to steal the towns' horses , and their swift raids rarely turned into direct confrontations, limiting the number of casualties on both sides. When the Spanish were attacked, they sent a group of soldiers to capture the looters. Years of disputes with the Apaches had allowed the Spaniards to discover the vast majority of the places they chose to hide.

The Comanches avoided direct confrontation in open country. They based their victories on surprise attacks and dizzying escapes.​

The Comanches carried out their attacks in larger groups, which allowed them to face their defenders in superior conditions. The Spanish, in most cases, had to protect themselves in the tower of the attacked plaza and wait for the Comanches to leave. When the raid was over, the Comanches fled to farther places unknown to the Spanish. More often than not, the Spanish soldiers failed to follow the trail of the Comanche party, were ambushed by them, or lost in unfamiliar terrain . Other times, they would run into a group of Indians completely unaware of the attack and take out their frustration on them. Desperate, Fermín de Mendinuetahe wrote to the viceroy of New Spain and even considered abandoning New Mexico if he did not receive 1,500 horses and more powder for his soldiers' old muskets.
The situation worsened until Juan Bautista de Anza took over the government of New Mexico in 1778. He had just settled California and knew that lasting peace with the Comanches could only be achieved through a show of force. De Anza received the horses that were needed and assembled an army of 600 men including soldiers, settlers, and Pueblo Indians. He knew that he could not continue fighting Comanches the way European troops were fighting each other. The Comanches avoided direct confrontation in open country. They based their victories on surprise attacks and dizzying escapes.
COMANCHE WAR

De Anza hit the Comanches on their own territory. Cuerno Verde, the Comanche chief who had terrorized the area for years, protected women and children from him near present-day Colorado Springs . It was difficult to get there without being discovered by the Comanches stationed throughout the territory. In August 1779, de Anza opted to make a detour to the west, taking a more mountainous area (the end of the Rockies) that was controlled by the Utes. On his way, he managed to recruit for his army about two hundred more men, belonging to the Jicarilla Apaches and the Utes.

The different Comanche tribes were divided when it came to seeking peace with the Spanish​

When they arrived at the town of Cuerno Verde, the Indian chief and his warriors were not there. They were on their way to Taos to loot the city. De Anza attacked the town and when Cuerno Verde heard the news he hurried back. The Spanish ambushed him, and Cuerno Verde and his warriors fought to the death. De Anza returned victorious and boasting of having suffered only one casualty in the battle. He was already in a position to make peace with the Comanches.
The different Comanche tribes were divided when it came to seeking peace with the Spanish. De Anza assured that he would not accept peace with just a few clans: he would sign if all the Comanches agreed under the same leader. Toro Blanco's faction called for revenge, while Chief Ecueracapa's faction was in favor of peace. Juan Bautista de Anza's strategy paid off. Ecueracapa assassinated Toro Blanco and peace with the Spanish was possible. De Anza offered free trade to the Comanches and they found in the western border of the Comanchería an area where they could buy European products and sell the stolen horses in the rest of their territories. The peace lasted until 1821, the year in which New Mexico proclaimed its independence and ceased to belong toSpain .


​​​​​Until then, and for two hundred years, a minority of settlers and soldiers managed to govern the inhospitable northern border of the Hispanic Empire thanks to peace agreements with the native populations: first, with the Pueblo Indians; then, in the seventeenth century, with the Apaches, and finally, in the eighteenth century, with the Comanches.
TO KNOW MORE

distant flags . Fernando Martínez Laínez, Carlos Canales Torres. Edaf, Madrid, 2009.
The Comanche Empire . Pekka Hämäläinen. Peninsula, Barcelona, ​​2011.


https://historia.nationalgeographic... .mFUR2PS1zBpzp4

 

[unclefishstick]

i didn't know we got free spanish history channel here

 

[Montuno]

i didn't know we got free spanish history channel here

But sangria and paella portions must be paid for at the bar, before leaving the thread.

(Very brief summary of the History of Spain):

​​​​​​

 

[Montuno]

What are the "filtration camps" where Russia is transferring Ukrainians?

"Needless to say what these so-called 'seepage fields' remind us of. It's chilling."​

The HuffPost Staff​

04/09/2022 10:10am CEST​

​

People from the Donetsk and Luhansk regions taking a train to the Nizhny Novgorod region on April 2, 2022.ASSOCIATED PRESS


At the end of March, a month into the invasion of Ukraine , the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees estimated that almost a quarter of the Ukrainian population had been displaced.
Although many refugees have been able to reach the European Union, the fate of other "displaced" is worrying. Especially in light of the testimonies that appeared in the international press at the beginning of April and the accusations of creating "filtration camps".
“People have to know the truth: Ukrainians are being displaced to Russia, the country that is invading us,” a Mariupol woman warned the British newspaper The Guardian .
His story matches others that have appeared in the Washington Post and the BBC . There are testimonies of Ukrainian women - because they are mostly women - who say that they were transferred, sometimes with hundreds of people (especially from Mariupol) to a "filtering camp". The testimonies agree.
Threatened by Russian troops to leave their shelters, these Ukrainian women who had managed to stay at home with their families in precarious conditions say they were taken by bus to a camp located in Bezimenne, in the territories claimed by Donetsk.
There they discovered a multitude of tents lined up and Russian uniforms. They explain that they were called one by one and photographed from all angles. Their fingerprints were taken and they also had to provide their mobile passwords. They were then interrogated, some of them several times, including by the Russian intelligence service.
“They also asked me what I thought of Ukraine, Putin and the conflict. It was all very degrading,” explains a refugee to The Guardian. Another added in the Washington Post that she felt treated like “a prisoner, a criminal”, like a “sack of potatoes lying around”.
Many of the women who have dared to make statements to these media have asked that their names be changed for fear of reprisals against their families.


“Distribution” fields

Satellite imagery company Maxar recently provided British media outlet iNews with several photos of Bezimenne showing blue tents lined up near a large barracks. The camp is believed to have been built around March 20.


i newspaper

@theipaper
·
26 mar. 2022

Satellite images show Russian camp for Ukrainians near Mariupol as deportation claims grow

Investigation from @deankirby_

inews.co.uk
Satellite images show Russian camp for Ukrainians near Mariupol as deportation claims grow
i newspaper

@theipaper
Satellite images obtained exclusively by i shows up to 30 blue and white tents have been erected in a camp in the coastal village of Bezimenne, in separatist-controlled Donetsk, only 11 miles east of the outskirts of Mariupol.

@Maxar https://inews.co.uk/news/ukraine-russia-war-putin-mauripol-deportations-filtration-camps-1539050-1539050…

9:46 a. m. · 26 mar. 2022

Satellite images obtained by The i Paper show 30 newly pitched blue tents at a camp in Bezimenne, in the Russian-controlled breakaway region of Donetsk, 18 kilometers from Mariupol.​

“At all times they told us to give thanks for having a sandwich, that we had been evacuated and released. But released from what?” a Mariupol resident told the Washington Post .
Sometimes the interrogation turned into a media operation. The young pregnant woman who was photographed just after the bombing of the Mariupol children's hospital would also have passed through one of these filtration camps. According to several observers, she was precisely in that place, and under duress, where she was recorded denying that there had been an air attack. These images were widely broadcast over the Kremlin's loudspeakers.
The Bezimenne field is more like a distribution center than a true final destination. After spending several hours in this filtration camp, the witnesses explain that they were sent to Russia, to various locations in the Rostov region, in the south of the country.



Ukrainian authorities uneasy

The mayor of Mariupol was one of the first to denounce the "deportation" of its inhabitants on the city's official Telegram channel , adding that the identity documents and passports of its citizens had been confiscated in the process.
Ukrainian Defense Minister Oleksiy Reznikov shares this concern. “After passing through the filtration camps, the Ukrainians are sent to the economically depressed areas of the Russian Federation. They distribute them between several regions as a final destination, in particular Sakhalin, to the north. Ukrainians are 'offered' a job and those who accept receive documents that prohibit them from leaving Russia for two years," Oleksiy Reznikov denounced on Facebook.
These accusations have also been echoed by Lyudmila Denisova, responsible in the Ukrainian Parliament for monitoring human rights violations: “Ukrainian citizens have been deported from our territory to theirs. They were taken against their will and forcibly taken to filtration camps in the Donetsk region." Russian media have also reported that hundreds of Ukrainian "refugees" have arrived in the Yaroslavl and Ryazan regions by train, the BBC reports .
Although the forcible transfer of people can be considered a war crime, Moscow strongly denies it, preferring to speak of "relief operations" and "evacuation".
At the UN, on Tuesday, April 5, the Russian representative mentioned the figures of "602,000 people, including 119,000 children" evacuated. He was responding to the intervention of the American Linda Thomas-Greefield, according to whom "reports indicate that Russian federal security agents are confiscating passports and identity documents, mobile phones, and separating families."
“It goes without saying what these so-called 'seepage fields' remind us of. It's creepy," she settled.
The first? “filtration camps” since World War II

The term "seep field" was coined during World War II. After the armistice, the Russians created this type of structure to distribute Soviet soldiers who had been captured by Nazi Germany and returned to Russian soil. For the British historian Nick Baron, the objective was to verify that these soldiers had not been too influenced or that they had not gone over to the opposite side.
Russian authorities created seepage camps during the Chechen wars from 1994 to 1996, and again from 1999 to 2003. One of the best-known camps was Chernokozovo, near Grozny. Thousands of Chechens disappeared in these camps at the time, Le Monde reported in 2000. A Human Rights Watch report from that year also documented evidence of torture and rape. On Sunday, after the discovery of the Bucha massacre, the same NGO warned that rape is being used as a weapon of war.

This article was originally published on 'HuffPost' France and has been translated from French by Daniel Templeman Sauco.


https://www.huffingtonpost.es/entry/...b052d2bd52ff00

 

[Montuno]

WESTERN SAHARA WAR (Morocco vs Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic).

The rift continues in the Spanish government between the social-democratic part of the Spanish Socialist Party (PSOE), and the socialist and communist part of Unidos Podemos ( U.P.; coalition of Podemos, and Izquierda Unida (IU), the latter led by the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) ).

Statements to Mundo Obrero by Enrrique Santiago Romero, current Secretary of State of the Spanish Government , member and deputy of the government for Izquierda Unida (IU) and leader and Secretary General of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE):

​​​​​
THE ONLY SOLUTION IS RESPECT FOR THE SELF-DETERMINATION OF THE SAHARAWI PEOPLE

Spain maintains its position against the Sahara​

The Congress of Deputies ratifies its support for the UN and MINURSO resolutions
HENRY ROMERO 04/07/2022



I refuse to accept that Spain has changed its position regarding the Sahara. Neither the Government, which makes its decisions collegially at the meetings of the Council of Ministers, nor who holds the legitimate representation of the popular sovereignty of the Spanish people, the Congress of Deputies, have approved a change of position with respect to what was agreed until now by the United Nations and that has been backed by Spain since then: That the only solution to the conflict in Western Sahara is respect for the self-determination of the Saharawi people and that any solution must be mutually accepted by both parties.

The last time that the Congress of Deputies addressed this issue, this very Tuesday, April 5, it was to approve theNon-Legal Proposal of United We Can, ERC and Bildu , which provides that "the Congress of Deputies ratifies its support for the UN resolutions and the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), in the conviction that only dialogue, negotiation and agreement carried out in good faith and in a constructive manner, in accordance with International Law, will help to reach a fair, realistic, viable, lasting and acceptable political solution for both parties to the conflict politician in Western Sahara. The initiative has had the support of all groups, with the exception of the PSOE, which has changed its vote at the last minute.

It is unfortunate that Spanish society has learned from the press -through the leaking of a letter from the President of the Spanish Government to the King of Morocco, leaked by the latter- that the President of the Government understands that the solution to the conflict between Morocco and the Sahara goes through the autonomy proposal put on the table by the Alawite kingdom.

From our point of view, we are facing a change in the position of the PSOE - a change in position along the lines of what another president announced in his day, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero - which was transferred through the current president of the Government to the Moroccan king, but which, as we have seen, does not represent the opinion of the House where Spanish popular sovereignty resides, so we consider thatcannot be understood as a change in the position of Spain.

The change of position by our country of the commitments acquired before the United Nations requires a majority pronouncement of the Congress of Deputies and that has not occurred, quite the contrary.

I think we should repeat this more, because it is a message of hope and tranquility for the Saharawi people and for their legitimate representative, the Polisario Front. The position of the PSOE is weak and it only represents this party and, in any case, a part of the Government. In fact, I am sure that it is not by far the feeling of the majority of the socialist militancy.

For this reason, a message also for Morocco: Spain does not support the autonomy plans for the Sahara and this has been revealed this week.

The Saharawi sister people, the SADR, is a reality recognized by 84 countries. The solution to the conflict they live must be mutually accepted or it cannot be. From here I want to publicly commit the work of the IU, the PCE and the United We Can group so that the position of Spain continues to be the one defended until now by the United Nations. That is our commitment , that is how we have transferred it to the representatives of the Polisario Front with whom we have been talking for days, and that is how it has been for decades in our party with the Saharawi people. It will continue to be.


https://www.mundoobrero.es/pl.php?id=13249


The Secretary of State, Enrique Santiago Romero, demonstrating for the Saharawi people:

 

[Montuno]

[FONT=berlingske_serifmedium]Russia recruits out-of-service military since 2012[/FONT]

• 10 April 2022
• Written by The editorial
• Posted in Global

[FONT=berlingske_serifmedium](Reading time: 1 - 2 minutes)[/FONT]
[FONT=berlingske_serifmedium] [/FONT]
[FONT=berlingske_serifmedium]In response to the high number of casualties that Russian troops have suffered in Ukraine, the Kremlin is recruiting off-duty military personnel since 2012 to increase its strength, the UK Ministry of Defense said on Sunday.[/FONT]

[FONT=berlingske_serifmedium]The Russian armed forces are also trying to recruit soldiers in the Moldovan region of Transinistria, separated from the rest of the country by the Dniester River and self-proclaimed independent, adds the intelligence information released by Defense on its official Twitter account.
Western countries estimate that between 7,000 and 15,000 Russian military personnel have been killed since the Kremlin-ordered invasion began.
The British Ministry has stressed that the withdrawal of Russian forces from northern Ukraine has highlighted the "disproportionate" number of deceased "non-combatants" and underlines the existence of mass graves and the use of hostages as human shields.
It also warns that Moscow troops use improvised explosive devices (IED) to increase the number of victims, "lower the morale" of the Ukrainians and restrict their freedom of movement.
Attacks on infrastructure also carry a high risk of causing collateral damage to civilians, underlines the United Kingdom, which notes an action that destroyed a nitric acid tank in the city of Rubizhne, in the eastern region of Lugansk.[/FONT]


https://elobrero.es/component/k2/865...esde-2012.html

 

[Montuno]

[FONT=berlingske_serifmedium]what now comes[/FONT]

• 09 April 2022
• Written by Antonio F. Alaminos
• Posted in Opinion

[FONT=berlingske_serifmedium](Reading time: 2 - 3 minutes)[/FONT]
[FONT=berlingske_serifmedium] [/FONT]
[FONT=berlingske_serifmedium]At the beginning of the invasion of Ukraine ordered by Putin, the images of concentrations in occupied cities protesting against the war, or Zelensky's calls to the civilian population to resist the attack, were surprising. For this, an image of Russia was necessary, of her relationship with her, very particular. The reality of the massacres of civilians brings us statements asking civilians to flee for their lives. The enemy is definitely recognized as such. Ukraine is another broken branch of the Russian tree. Not even the saps of language and family networks will be able to rebuild affections. In Russia the population supports the government and its war. Ukraine is clearly not Vietnam, nor is there a free media in Russia. In the Spanish civil war, many believed that the "reds" had tails like the devil. And it's not a joke.[/FONT]

[FONT=berlingske_serifmedium]A world that is now after. Globalization as it was understood was left behind and capitalism is redefined in parcels. Not only in economic power. Also mental. Bad capitalists and good capitalists, each with their own political regime. If China has shown anything, it is that democracy is not the natural end of capitalism. Quite the contrary, any regime can optimize the power of its elites thanks to capitalism. A speculative and financial capitalism of "dead hands". Now with my enemy and articulated pieces.

We call it Earth, but its better name is Planet of the Apes. We are not descended from apes. The ape came down from the tree and wrapped himself in silk, but the ape stayed. So apes that we use culture and religion as weapons to hit each other on the head. When there was talk of the Alliance of Civilizations, it was for a reason. Precisely because there was not. You can call it art, culture or whatever you want: it will have use as a club. Yes the arrow was the natural extension of the knife, art and culture is of the grunting insult. It's not even varnish and when it looks like carrot of the intellect it ends up being used as Henry Miller's colleague.[/FONT]

[FONT=berlingske_serifmedium]That's what I was thinking when I found the cutest cutie on the planet of the little ones. In a headline in the newspaper El Mundo they stated that President Pedro Sánchez “used the pandemic and the war to justify the crisis.” ...If two of the four horsemen of the apocalypse don't explain a crisis, what will? In short, not everything that burns is wax, nor does everything that is said have content… there are insults that refer to kinship and others that also insult intelligence. The first ones damage the feelings, but the second ones make the sense hurt.[/FONT]

[FONT=berlingske_serifmedium][FONT=berlingske_serifmedium]ANTONIO F. ALAMINOS[/FONT][/FONT]
[FONT=berlingske_serifmedium]Professor of Mathematical Sociology.[/FONT]


https://elobrero.es/opinion/86477-lo...ora-viene.html
​​​

 

[Montuno]

And it's funny....: Putin savior of the World and Humanity....

Putin as a remedy to all evils, whether Nazis, Bad Hombres Hispanos, socialists or communists....
...Because if former President Donald Trump has already declared that if he returned to power, he would do with Mexico what Putin did with Ukraine, now spokesmen of the ultra-right Vox party (co-financed by Putin and Trump, and with the latter's advisors) are beginning to circulate through the social networks "joking" that Putin should also be asked to invade Spain, to save it from the Red Hordes...

Spain is breaking into a thousand pieces, my friends... It is breaking with such force that one of the pieces has even fallen as far as Abu Dhabi... with a King Emeritus on top of it and everything...


https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=_QORLJOm7tA
.

 

[Montuno]

Thank goodness we have in the Goverment "the Rasta beast" to tell the truth to "those patriots with little Spanish flags on their wrists Made on China, and their bank accounts in (for example) Switzerland" (like the King Emeritus in exile), and explain to them what patriotism is all about:

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=61LyM_wcJYk

Olé, olé my Alberto.
Come on, cousin, at the exit of the Congress we will smoke some joints on the steps, leaning on the lions...

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=S-KDoMVLaic

 

[airplane]

If there is a God - pray and if there are "aliens' out there watching us maybe thay will intervine and findly "show" themselfs and help us humans - unless this is all planned and by whom ??????