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Green Crack is 1/2 sk#1...
That's not what I hear....
Of course there's a green crack that's from Cali that goes 70 days or more, this isn't it, the Green Crack some in BC have is fast, 8 weeks....
Green Crack is 1/2 sk#1...
That's not what I hear....
Of course there's a green crack that's from Cali that goes 70 days or more, this isn't it, the Green Crack some in BC have is fast, 8 weeks....
What I have learned about people's preferences is that everyone has their own idea about what is best, I knew people that would smoke the very very best Haze and say they did not like it because they did not get loaded, they loved strong knock you down Indicas, hated stronger in my mind Haze.
I don't try and say what is best anymore, either it turns your crank or it does not. simple enough. I do believe in different varieties for different people, and whatever they think is best just may be, for them.
And as you may know I don't really like smoking herbal Cannabis any way, I am a resin kind of guy.
But I do believe in helping people find what they are looking for, and what else can I say?
-SamS
What I have learned about people's preferences is that everyone has their own idea about what is best, I knew people that would smoke the very very best Haze and say they did not like it because they did not get loaded, they loved strong knock you down Indicas, hated stronger in my mind Haze.
I don't try and say what is best anymore, either it turns your crank or it does not. simple enough. I do believe in different varieties for different people, and whatever they think is best just may be, for them.
And as you may know I don't really like smoking herbal Cannabis any way, I am a resin kind of guy.
But I do believe in helping people find what they are looking for, and what else can I say?
-SamS
elmanito,
"Pot has been smoked for over 4700 years"
Do you have any proof of this? I am interested.
I thought smoking (tobacco) was introduced from the new world after 1492?
There was no Cannabis in the new world prior to 1492, or smoking in the old world prior to 1492.
-SamS
Perhaps you know they digged up an old grave in North West China which was dated 2700 BC with nearly 2 lbs of marijuana in that grave.
Perhaps you know they digged up an old grave in North West China which was dated 2700 BC with nearly 2 lbs of marijuana in that grave.
Before 1492 there was already contact between the old and new world.Thor Heyerdahl did for a long time research about this.
Dont forget the Viking settlements in North America before the arrival of Columbus in America and they found traces of cocaine & nicotine in Egyptian mummies.
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i'm certain sam knows plenty about this discovery already. perhaps what he's getting at is: where's the evidence that the ancient chinese smoked that cannabis?
While an earlier publication (Jiang et al., 2006) emphasized
morphological features in identifying the cannabis, the
current study used additional botanical, phytochemical, and
genetic investigations to demonstrate that this cannabis was
psychoactive and probably cultivated for medicinal or
divinatory purposes.
Well for the common anthropologist it is quite normal to find traces of a South-American plant in Egyptian mummiescoke in mummies... so what...
The Yanghai Tombs near Turpan, Xinjiang-Uighur Autonomous Region, China have recently been excavated to reveal the 2700-year-old grave of a Caucasoid shaman whose accoutrements included a large cache of cannabis, superbly preserved by climatic and burial conditions. A multidisciplinary international team demonstrated through botanical examination, phytochemical investigation, and genetic deoxyribonucleic acid analysis by polymerase chain reaction that this material contained tetrahydrocannabinol, the psychoactive component of cannabis, its oxidative degradation product, cannabinol, other metabolites, and its synthetic enzyme, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase, as well as a novel genetic variant with two single nucleotide polymorphisms. The cannabis was presumably employed by this culture as a medicinal or psychoactive agent, or an aid to divination. To our knowledge, these investigations provide the oldest documentation of cannabis as a pharmacologically active agent, and contribute to the medical and archaeological record of this pre-Silk Road culture.
Phytochemical analysis
Phytochemical and genetic teams were initially blinded to one another's results. The extraction of 2 g of plant material produced 67.9 mg of solids after the removal of solvents. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the largest cannabinoid peak was cannabinol (CBN) at 7.4 min, but concentration levels were very low, averaging 0.007% w/w. CBN is an oxidative breakdown product THC, generated non-enzymatically, with increasing age (Brenneisen, 2007). There were also peaks corresponding to expected retention times for cannabidiol (CBD) at 4.9 min and cannabichromene (CBC) at 12 min (Fig. 3). Both are phytocannabinoids resulting from alternative enzymatic pathways than that yielding THC (de Meijer et al., 2003). There were very few peaks in the first 20 min of the gas chromatogram where mono- and sesquiterpenes elute (Fig. 4). This lack of terpenoid volatiles supports the physical observation that the plant material lacked the herbal smell traditionally associated with cannabis (McPartland and Russo, 2001). Shown in Fig. 5A–C, (and in Supplementary Fig. S7A, B at JXB online) are breakdowns of sub-regions of the gas chromatogram. The major peaks in the 13–30.5 min region are free fatty acids (see Supplementary Fig.S7A at JXB online). The largest peak identified as palmitic acid was the most abundant in the sample. Methyl and propyl cannabinoids eluted in the 27–30 min region and the peaks marked as 286 Da and 302 Da all had MS spectra consistent with propyl cannabinoids. There were two phthalate peaks at approximately 23.5 min (believed to have originated from the polythene bags in which the samples were supplied). A number of phytocannabinoids were identified in the 30–34 min region (Fig. 5A) including cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabicyclol (CBL, a heat-generated artefact of CBC (Brenneisen, 2007), and cannabinavarin (CBNV, a propyl analogue of CBN). In the 34–36.3 min region (Fig. 5B), apart from cannabinol (CBN), the largest individual phytocannabinoid component, there were at least four peaks of 330 Da with cannabielsoin (CBE, an artefact derived from CBD (Brenneisen, 2007) a likely identification of the peak at 34.2 min. In the 36.3–40.5 min region (Fig. 5C), the known THC degradant cannabitriol (CBO) (Brenneisen, 2007) was seen, as well as a series of peaks with spectral similarities to CBN, three of which are tentatively identified by the NIST database as either hydroxyl- or oxo-CBN. The last region (42–50 min; see Supplementary Fig. S7B at JXB online), contained phytosterols and triterpene alcohols with beta-sitosterol the most abundant compound.
The presence of so many recognized cannabinoid degradants is consistent with very old cannabis samples. The very low concentration levels measured in the HPLC analysis may indicate that the sample provided contained significantly more leaf and twig material than flower material, rather than being evidence in itself that the sample was of low potency originally. This plant material is therefore conclusively cannabis derived from a population of plants within which THC was the dominant cannabinoid. By contrast, a sample taken from a mix of wild-type Cannabis sativa would customarily harbour a more equal mixture of THC and CBD (de Meijer et al., 2003). It would appear, therefore, that humans selected the material from plants on the basis of their higher than average THC content. To elaborate, a chemotaxonomy of cannabis previously outlined indicates three types (Small and Beckstead, 1973): chemotype I (drug) strains with high-THC:CBD ratios, chemotype II low-THC, higher-CBD (fibre) strains, and chemotype II with more equal ratios. THC and CBD production are mediated by co-dominant alleles BT and BD, respectively (de Meijer et al., 2003). By comparison, pooled samples from cannabis fields in Morocco and Afghanistan will normally produce 25% high-THC plants, 25% high-CBD plants, and 50% with lower, mixed titres, combining to yield roughly equivalent amounts of the two phytocannabinoids (Russo, 2007), a pattern not observed in our specimen.
Previous phytochemical analyses of antique cannabis preparations have demonstrated THC remnant fingerprints from 19th century cannabis preparations (Harvey, 1990) including a 140-year-old sample of Squire's Extract (Harvey, 1985). A study in 1992 reported the presence of {Delta}8-THC (previously termed {Delta}6-THC) from burned cannabis that was reportedly inhaled as an aide to childbirth in a Judean cave 1700 years BP (Zias et al., 1993), supported by the finding of cannabinoid residues in an adjacent glass vessel (Zias, 1995). In the Mustang region of Nepal, mummified human remains of probable Mongolian ancestry have been dated 2200–2500 years BP in association with cannabis, probably transported from elsewhere (Knörzer, 2000; Alt et al., 2003), but with insufficient detail to ascertain its use. Rudenko recovered cannabis seeds, censers, and hempen clothing in Pazyryk, Siberia from Scythian kurgans (burial mounds) from 2400–2500 years BP (Rudenko, 1970; Brooks, 1998), closely matching Herodotus’ descriptions of funeral rites for that culture (Herodotus, 1998). Sarianidi also claimed cannabis use in the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC) (present day Turkmenistan) (Sarianidi, 1994, 1998), but this interpretation has been debated (see discussion in Russo, 2007).
I do think he knows of the document of course, but if you think humans start smoking after 1492 you're wrong.The Cannabis which was found in the grave was cultivated according to the researchers.In that time you had in China shamanism which had the knowledge of certain hallucinogenic herbs for their rituals and i dont think the cannabis is used for a nice cup of tea.
Well for the common anthropologist it is quite normal to find traces of a South-American plant in Egyptian mummies