It is still only a piece of evidence. The introduction of carbon dating for fossils hasn't resolved a clear picture of history. Just because a tool exists, it doesn't mean it will tell you everything.
If there is a little cloud of mystery you might think the genetic computer is omnipotent. But it is only showing what samples came from where. In my humble opinion this does not change all of the cannabis samples not submitted, hundreds and thousands of years before.
As cool as it is, also important to recognize it as a reading or library instrument with limited data, only beginning to learn what you don't know etc.
That map is a poor example. It shows Human migration not plant migration.
There was no hemp in Polynesia.
The research paper does not point in that direction or you would find the specific African Alleles in most South American varieties.
The paper is sort of clear on that point.
They did not find the African Alleles outside of Africa beyond one sample. One sample does not prove anything other than there was at least one instance of transport.
Phylos shows a direct connection to South East Asia in Colombian varieties.
The Pacific Trade winds are called so because it carried ships from the Spanish colonies to South East Asia.
That is one likely source for the diaspora to south america
African herb has very different effects to South American herb in my experience.
https://www.icmag.com/ic/showpost.php?p=799845&postcount=1I have to say this is a pretty interesting well written and well sourced article. The most interesting part to me was where they talked of the highland gold strain blue sky blonde which was bred from thai genetics imported in 1977. This makes me wonder if some of the more extreme highland colombians actually have heavy thai background. It makes you wish you were a pilot in 1977.
I've seen those quotes several time before but I've never seen a reference or source.
https://www.icmag.com/ic/showpost.php?p=2896696&postcount=1
Magazine "Time" of January 27, 1979 https://www.time.com/time/magazine/artic ... -2,00.html
A Colombian who produces marijuana receives approximately one percent of the real value of his crop (that is, about six dollars per pound), but this is five or six times better than harvesting coffee, corn or cotton. Even though the government has begun to take steps of control (it has burned more than 2,000 tons of marijuana since last fall), it is not inclined to be too rigid with the farmers José Miguel Garavito, the head of operations of the anti-drug unit. -Droga of the Procurator General, explains: "It is difficult to blame a farmer who sows corn and earns a few pesos and then goes to the marijuana when he sees that his neighbors, who cultivate it, work the same as him and earn much more. The traffickers come, they give him the seeds and then they return to receive the harvest. "
There are many varieties. The "tasters" report that although the "Santa Marta Gold" is still the most famous of the Colombian production, the Arhuaco natives are producing in higher areas an even more powerful variety: "la Mona", whose leaf is so pale looking bleached. The Blue Sky hills produce another golden bush known as "The Blue Sky Bream", which is the hybrid product of a derivation achieved with seeds crossed two years before with Thailanders. To the low and arid lands of La Guajira, which are irrigated and are cultivated with tractors, produce a good quality grass. In six months the intense sun makes the plants rise 45 centimeters and allows them to develop a powerful resin. The new crop area that is emerging is the Eastern Plains, on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, where pruning has improved the original green cannabis.
Samples of all these varieties can be obtained in the Bogota drug market, behind the Hilton Hotel. One of the traffickers, who identified himself only as Ricardo, shows a Red Hashis de los Llanos ....
among Westerners there's an Orientalist assumption that
1. Cannabis has strong and ancient links to Brahminism (so-called Hinduism) and Buddhism
2. Cannabis culture is always ancient
Both assumptions are wrong
Cannabis has little at all to do with Brahminism; the whole 'Soma is cannabis' thing is bollocks; all the myths about Shiva and cannabis are very late creations in the scheme of things
As for Buddhism, that has next to no connection to cannabis use; it was likely a reaction against it in early days; what little involvement there is entails only very marginal use in Tantra
About the history in Indochina:
It's pretty clear that ganja cultivation and consumption in Indochina post-date the Khmer Empire. All the indications I see are that ganja smoking only became a common popular habit on the back of the spread of tobacco. That applies to the Coromandel and Malabar, plus all Southeast Asia
It all fits pretty well in what has been speculated. Austronesian migrations from SE Asia to Madagascar and East Africa, Indian trade routes after that. Introduction of African cannabis strains to South America during and after colonial times.View Image
That map is a poor example. It shows Human migration not plant migration.
(...)
There was no hemp in Polynesia.
"The absence of evidence is not evidence of absence" (M. Jouvet)
View Image
In melanesia the Kanak people probably know the cannabis since centuries and not only since the 50s like the white man thinks about. Btw some tests show a Mexican origin in Nouvelle Calédonie lol funny how the thing could be back 2000 years after... View Image
Malagasy pollen found 2200 years BP "before present".
https://books.google.fr/books?id=V-c_BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45&dq=pollen+cannabis+madagascar&source=bl&ots=n5Rpj2-DF1&sig=KbCR9-LKd41oZsktdsS--051ASU&hl=fr&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=pollen%20cannabis%20madagascar&f=false
https://www.icmag.com/ic/showpost.php?p=7051874&postcount=51
G `day Ngakpa
I have been doing some study re Hindu religion .
Seems there are cannabis origin stories within . Why did you go on that rant about Hindus not embracing cannabis ?
Thanks for sharin
EB .
G `day Ngakpa
I have been doing some study re Hindu religion .
Seems there are cannabis origin stories within . Why did you go on that rant about Hindus not embracing cannabis ?
Thanks for sharin
EB .
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2014.12038.x&ved=2ahUKEwieqIPYobPfAhWDL1AKHZxGASsQFjAQegQIBhAB&usg=AOvVaw1VHATtVSp6K3lChAcAfKhAngakpa
"Westerners tend to fixate on Hinduism, when Islamic cannabis culture has played a much bigger role in Indian cannabis than most outsiders realise"
I am not denying what you said is true or not but I am confused by this statemnet.
How do you mean that Islam had a greater influence on the use of Cannabis in the Indian subcontinent than people realise.
I know that Cannabis use had been firmly established in the culture for thousands of years, since at least the Vedic times.
What aspects did Islam bring to Indias cultural use of Cannabis?
I ask you not for the purpose of debate but to learn.