M
Mountain
Once again nothing to do with Monsanto and off topic...
This is basically what the long-term residents of Alaska were telling me...something is changing.
Warm winter cycles don't break the cycle of insects and this is what you get. Kenai Peninsula is a different world now.A study by scientists from the University of Alaska, Fairbanks reported that in the Alaska forests, the bark beetle has affected 2 to 3 million acres of south central Alaska forest in the last decade. One of the most affected tree species is the highly commercially prized white spruce. Generally, all spruce trees greater than 10 centimeters are killed by the spruce bark beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis). This is one of the largest cases of tree death ever experienced as a result from an insect outbreak in North America. Tree-ring studies near Fairbanks have been used to demonstrate that "recent warming in Alaska appears to have removed the environmental limitation [or all natural defenses] that prevented outbreaks of spruce budworm in the far north."
In the Kenai Peninsula of Alaska, the spruce tree beetle has already wiped out between 70-80% of the spruce trees. This translates into 2.3 million acres since 1992 and represents "the largest loss to insects ever recorded in North America." According to Ed Holsten, an entomologist with the U.S. Forest Service in Alaska, about two million acres were infested between 1920 and 1990, in contrast with three million acres in the 1990's alone. During 1996, one million trees were infested and subsequently killed.
Figure 5: Aerial view of the once lush forests of the
Kenai Peninsula, Alaska.
Scientists attribute the beetle outbreak in Alaska not only to the mismanagement of forests (where too many trees compete for sunlight and resources weakening individuals), but also to global warming. According to EPA: "the average temperature in Anchorage has increased 3.9 degrees Fahrenheit over the last century, and [it estimates] that by 2100, temperatures in Alaska could increase by five degrees in the spring, summer and fall and by ten degrees in the winter"
Tree line is on the move in many areas of Alaska.
The changes in Kenai Peninsula trees might be due to the milder weather the peninsula, along with most of Alaska, has experienced since about 1977, when ocean-surface temperatures in the North Pacific warmed. Climatologists with the Alaska Climate Research Center report that the Homer area warmed 4.2 degrees Fahrenheit on average from 1949 to 2007.
This is basically what the long-term residents of Alaska were telling me...something is changing.