Lectures on the Hoben and Juryo Chapters of the Lotus Sutra (3)
Lectures on the Hoben and Juryo Chapters of the Lotus Sutra (3)
(continued)
The Buddha Seeks To Enable All People To Attain the Same Enlightened State of Life
Shakyamuni starts out by telling Shariputra: "The wisdom of the Buddhas is infinitely profound and immeasurable. The door to this wisdom is difficult to understand and difficult to enter. Not one of the voice-hearers or pratyekabuddhas is able to comprehend it." This statement extols the great wisdom of the Buddha.
The "wisdom of the Buddhas" is the wisdom that shines like a sun within the Buddha. Shakyamuni praises this wisdom as being "infinitely profound and immeasurable." He calls the Buddha's wisdom "infinitely profound" because it penetrates down to the truth that is the very foundation of life. The Buddha's wisdom is said to be "immeasurable" because its light broadly illuminates all things.
The wisdom of the Buddhas profoundly and broadly illuminates and reveals life in its entirety. Therefore, the Buddha's state of life is said to be "expansive and profound." Likening the Buddha's state of life to a great tree or a mighty river, T'ien-t'ai says: "The deeper the roots, the more prolific the branches. The farther the source, the longer the stream" (MW-4, 272).
Shakyamuni is not praising the wisdom of the Buddhas to say that the Buddha alone is great. In fact, it is just the opposite; his purpose is to encourage others. In effect, he is saying: "Therefore, all of you, too, should make this same great wisdom of the Buddha shine in your own lives and become happy."
Wisdom is the path to happiness. Money, skill at "getting by" in the world, status --- none of these can enable us to overcome the fundamental sufferings of birth, old age, sickness and death. The only way is to cultivate the wisdom with which our lives are inherently endowed.
The purpose of the Lotus Sutra is to enable all people to cultivate supreme wisdom in their hearts and advance along the great path of indestructible happiness. The Daishonin says, "The treasures of the heart are the most valuable of all" (MW-2, 279). That is why Shakyamuni starts out by extolling the wisdom of the Buddhas, which is the supreme wisdom.
The next passage reads, "The door to this wisdom is difficult to understand and difficult to enter." Here Shakyamuni again praises the wisdom of the Buddhas, but from a slightly different perspective.
The "door to this wisdom" is the door to the realm of Buddha wisdom. The various teachings Shakyamuni expounded were means for enabling people to enter the realm of this wisdom.
Prior to the Lotus Sutra, he had expounded various teachings in accordance with the diverse capacities of his listeners. At different times, for example, he taught that life is suffering; that nothing is constant; that happiness lies in extinguishing all desires; and that people should seek to awaken to the principle of dependent origination.
In this way, Shakyamuni, exercising the wisdom of the Buddha, expounded teachings that matched the various capacities of the people. However, these individual teachings did not represent the Buddha's true purpose. The purpose of his teaching, rather, lay in enabling all people to enter the path of wisdom, the path for becoming a Buddha.
This purpose of the Buddha cannot be understood by the wisdom of people of the two vehicles of Learning (voice-hearers) and Realization (pratyekabuddhas). Even though such people may understand the contents of his teaching, they cannot fathom his reason for expounding it.
Their very satisfaction with individual teachings that explained life's impermanence or the need to eradicate desires prevented them from entering the realm of the wisdom of the Buddha who had expounded these doctrines. They reached the gate, as it were, and then stopped. Therefore, Shakyamuni says this wisdom is "difficult to understand and difficult to enter."
Regard Suffering and Joy as Facts of Life
In the foregoing, I have discussed the literal or surface meaning of this passage. President Toda explained this passage from the standpoint of its implicit meaning as follows: "The line, 'The wisdom of the Buddhas is infinitely profound and immeasurable' means that the wisdom of Nam-myoho-renge-kyo is infinitely profound and immeasurable. The passage, 'The door to this wisdom is difficult to understand and difficult to enter,' refers to the 'door of faith' in the Gohonzon. By substituting faith for wisdom, we can enter the 'door to this wisdom.' This door is 'difficult to understand and difficult to enter.'"
As the Daishonin indicates where he says, "'Wisdom' means Nam-myoho-renge-kyo" (Gosho Zenshu, p. 725), Nam-myoho-renge-kyo contains the infinitely profound and immeasurable wisdom of the Buddhas in its entirety. And the door to enter the wisdom of Nam-myoho-renge-kyo is the "door of faith." Thus the Daishonin says, "'Door' means faith" (Ibid., p. 715).
If we believe in the Gohonzon and exert ourselves in practice and study as the Daishonin teaches, then, in accordance with the principle of "substituting faith for wisdom" we can develop a state of life of supreme happiness. This is what it means to enter the "door of faith," to advance along the path of attaining Buddhahood in this lifetime.
However, carrying through with faith becomes difficult when we encounter waves of adversity in life. At such times, people may forget that faith is the "door of wisdom." Instead, filled with complaint, they are tossed about helplessly on the rough seas. Or again, they may fear suffering and give themselves over to lives of pleasure and ease. In this sense, as well, the "door of faith" is difficult to understand and difficult to enter.
For precisely this reason, the Daishonin says, "Regard both suffering and joy as facts of life and continue chanting Nam-myoho-renge-kyo" (MW-1, 161).
Nam-myoho-renge-kyo is the wellspring of the wisdom of all Buddhas. And gongyo is a "ceremony of kuon ganjo" in which we return to the very foundation of our lives and draw wisdom from the great ocean of the world of Buddhahood.
Lectures on the Hoben and Juryo Chapters of the Lotus Sutra (3)
(continued)
The Buddha Seeks To Enable All People To Attain the Same Enlightened State of Life
Shakyamuni starts out by telling Shariputra: "The wisdom of the Buddhas is infinitely profound and immeasurable. The door to this wisdom is difficult to understand and difficult to enter. Not one of the voice-hearers or pratyekabuddhas is able to comprehend it." This statement extols the great wisdom of the Buddha.
The "wisdom of the Buddhas" is the wisdom that shines like a sun within the Buddha. Shakyamuni praises this wisdom as being "infinitely profound and immeasurable." He calls the Buddha's wisdom "infinitely profound" because it penetrates down to the truth that is the very foundation of life. The Buddha's wisdom is said to be "immeasurable" because its light broadly illuminates all things.
The wisdom of the Buddhas profoundly and broadly illuminates and reveals life in its entirety. Therefore, the Buddha's state of life is said to be "expansive and profound." Likening the Buddha's state of life to a great tree or a mighty river, T'ien-t'ai says: "The deeper the roots, the more prolific the branches. The farther the source, the longer the stream" (MW-4, 272).
Shakyamuni is not praising the wisdom of the Buddhas to say that the Buddha alone is great. In fact, it is just the opposite; his purpose is to encourage others. In effect, he is saying: "Therefore, all of you, too, should make this same great wisdom of the Buddha shine in your own lives and become happy."
Wisdom is the path to happiness. Money, skill at "getting by" in the world, status --- none of these can enable us to overcome the fundamental sufferings of birth, old age, sickness and death. The only way is to cultivate the wisdom with which our lives are inherently endowed.
The purpose of the Lotus Sutra is to enable all people to cultivate supreme wisdom in their hearts and advance along the great path of indestructible happiness. The Daishonin says, "The treasures of the heart are the most valuable of all" (MW-2, 279). That is why Shakyamuni starts out by extolling the wisdom of the Buddhas, which is the supreme wisdom.
The next passage reads, "The door to this wisdom is difficult to understand and difficult to enter." Here Shakyamuni again praises the wisdom of the Buddhas, but from a slightly different perspective.
The "door to this wisdom" is the door to the realm of Buddha wisdom. The various teachings Shakyamuni expounded were means for enabling people to enter the realm of this wisdom.
Prior to the Lotus Sutra, he had expounded various teachings in accordance with the diverse capacities of his listeners. At different times, for example, he taught that life is suffering; that nothing is constant; that happiness lies in extinguishing all desires; and that people should seek to awaken to the principle of dependent origination.
In this way, Shakyamuni, exercising the wisdom of the Buddha, expounded teachings that matched the various capacities of the people. However, these individual teachings did not represent the Buddha's true purpose. The purpose of his teaching, rather, lay in enabling all people to enter the path of wisdom, the path for becoming a Buddha.
This purpose of the Buddha cannot be understood by the wisdom of people of the two vehicles of Learning (voice-hearers) and Realization (pratyekabuddhas). Even though such people may understand the contents of his teaching, they cannot fathom his reason for expounding it.
Their very satisfaction with individual teachings that explained life's impermanence or the need to eradicate desires prevented them from entering the realm of the wisdom of the Buddha who had expounded these doctrines. They reached the gate, as it were, and then stopped. Therefore, Shakyamuni says this wisdom is "difficult to understand and difficult to enter."
Regard Suffering and Joy as Facts of Life
In the foregoing, I have discussed the literal or surface meaning of this passage. President Toda explained this passage from the standpoint of its implicit meaning as follows: "The line, 'The wisdom of the Buddhas is infinitely profound and immeasurable' means that the wisdom of Nam-myoho-renge-kyo is infinitely profound and immeasurable. The passage, 'The door to this wisdom is difficult to understand and difficult to enter,' refers to the 'door of faith' in the Gohonzon. By substituting faith for wisdom, we can enter the 'door to this wisdom.' This door is 'difficult to understand and difficult to enter.'"
As the Daishonin indicates where he says, "'Wisdom' means Nam-myoho-renge-kyo" (Gosho Zenshu, p. 725), Nam-myoho-renge-kyo contains the infinitely profound and immeasurable wisdom of the Buddhas in its entirety. And the door to enter the wisdom of Nam-myoho-renge-kyo is the "door of faith." Thus the Daishonin says, "'Door' means faith" (Ibid., p. 715).
If we believe in the Gohonzon and exert ourselves in practice and study as the Daishonin teaches, then, in accordance with the principle of "substituting faith for wisdom" we can develop a state of life of supreme happiness. This is what it means to enter the "door of faith," to advance along the path of attaining Buddhahood in this lifetime.
However, carrying through with faith becomes difficult when we encounter waves of adversity in life. At such times, people may forget that faith is the "door of wisdom." Instead, filled with complaint, they are tossed about helplessly on the rough seas. Or again, they may fear suffering and give themselves over to lives of pleasure and ease. In this sense, as well, the "door of faith" is difficult to understand and difficult to enter.
For precisely this reason, the Daishonin says, "Regard both suffering and joy as facts of life and continue chanting Nam-myoho-renge-kyo" (MW-1, 161).
Nam-myoho-renge-kyo is the wellspring of the wisdom of all Buddhas. And gongyo is a "ceremony of kuon ganjo" in which we return to the very foundation of our lives and draw wisdom from the great ocean of the world of Buddhahood.