How to grow cannabis outdoors

[Donald Mallard]

Ive heard dubi say the same about higher male ratios in small pots. Maybe the extra males are just herms and not true male .

yea maybe , like stress has caused this you mean??
i guess its possible , but i dont think it turns what would be a female into a male instead, possible hermies due to the stress perhaps ,
or , its just the luck of the draw and those plants were going to be males and the pot size didnt really influence that ...
i know out of 2 ten packs of seed , one grower can get 9 males and 1 female ,
and the other can get 9 females and 1 male .... was this due to environment ,
or was it just the luck of the draw and those seeds were going to be what they were anyhow ??

 

[Donald Mallard]

Nature finds a way!

yep , shes a tricky old girl ,

i did mention my papaya plants earlier ,
its interesting seeing what they have done ,
ill get some pictures to show soon ...

 

[H e d g e]

yea maybe , like stress has caused this you mean??
i guess its possible , but i dont think it turns what would be a female into a male instead, possible hermies due to the stress perhaps ,
or , its just the luck of the draw and those plants were going to be males and the pot size didnt really influence that ...
i know out of 2 ten packs of seed , one grower can get 9 males and 1 female ,
and the other can get 9 females and 1 male .... was this due to environment ,
or was it just the luck of the draw and those seeds were going to be what they were anyhow ??

I recently discovered it’s plant origin specific, Thai don’t have any males, only females and females that look like males.

Only way to stop Thai expressing mixed gender looking plants is selecting the ones that do it least and keeping it fem only, it already is fem only, we’ve just been increasing the mixed gender expression rate using fems that look like blokes as pollen donors.

I guess stress increases likelihood of it happening, alternating m/f branching suggests it’s not stable throughout the plant to me, might be important where cuts are taken from.

 

[Donald Mallard]

I recently discovered it’s plant origin specific, Thai don’t have any males, only females and females that look like males.

Only way to stop Thai expressing mixed gender looking plants is selecting the ones that do it least and keeping it fem only, it already is fem only, we’ve just been increasing the mixed gender expression rate using fems that look like blokes as pollen donors.

I guess stress increases likelihood of it happening, alternating m/f branching suggests it’s not stable throughout the plant to me, might be important where cuts are taken from.

i have read this also ,
and i can only talk from experience growing those plants,
when i was younger and we grew some thai , we got females , males and hermies ,
the split was almost equal ,
but i cant say i kept any of the plants around to see what happened long term ..

In a more recent grow of laos , which is pretty similar ,
id say the same genepool since it borders thailand ,
and seed went back and forth regularly ,
so likely relations ,
anyhow i got solid females that didnt show any hermies ,
but the male grew female flowers just as it began to drop pollen,
it was close enough to the girls that some pollination occurred,
and in those seeds , the females were also solid females ,
but males tended to be hermie , showing female parts..

i expected the seed s to be hermie ...

there are similar things with the human males in that area too i noted ,
maybe there is something in the air there,
there are some macho types of guys there ,, but a good amount of effeminate types ,
and as we all know , a number of lady boys... lol .

id like to grow out hundreds to try and find some solid male plants if they are there to be found ...

 

[H e d g e]

i have read this also ,
and i can only talk from experience growing those plants,
when i was younger and we grew some thai , we got females , males and hermies ,
the split was almost equal ,
but i cant say i kept any of the plants around to see what happened long term ..

In a more recent grow of laos , which is pretty similar ,
id say the same genepool since it borders thailand ,
and seed went back and forth regularly ,
so likely relations ,
anyhow i got solid females that didnt show any hermies ,
but the male grew female flowers just as it began to drop pollen,
it was close enough to the girls that some pollination occurred,
and in those seeds , the females were also solid females ,
but males tended to be hermie , showing female parts..

i expected the seed s to be hermie ...

there are similar things with the human males in that area too i noted ,
maybe there is something in the air there,
there are some macho types of guys there ,, but a good amount of effeminate types ,
and as we all know , a number of lady boys... lol .

id like to grow out hundreds to try and find some solid male plants if they are there to be found ...

I wonder if there’s never been any true males there or if they had them but growing fems was preferable to increase seed and medicine production so they killed all the males and just stressed the females to herm? I’ve seen pictures of wedges used to split the main stem.

Selecting the ones that are most reluctant to switch and splitting the stem or using sts might be the best option for them.

 

[Donald Mallard]

I wonder if there’s never been any true males there or if they had them but growing fems was preferable to increase seed and medicine production so they killed all the males and just stressed the females to herm? I’ve seen pictures of wedges used to split the main stem.

Selecting the ones that are most reluctant to switch and splitting the stem or using sts might be the best option for them.

i reckon based on playing around with thai stuff when i was younger ,
if u use a female hermie to pollinate , u will get hermie females ,

as i said i was pretty surprised that using a male hermie didnt do that,

as far as i recall sam skunkman saying ,
the thais used to get seed from a person who made them,
until they used seed from their crops , which was probably a few stray male flowers on females ,
he attributed this to the amount of hermies found by folks growing that seed ...

anyhow its interesting and somethings i prefer to do that practical work on, im a hands on guy, and leave the theorizing to others..

 

[cbotany]

i reckon based on playing around with thai stuff when i was younger ,
if u use a female hermie to pollinate , u will get hermie females ,

as i said i was pretty surprised that using a male hermie didnt do that,

as far as i recall sam skunkman saying ,
the thais used to get seed from a person who made them,
until they used seed from their crops , which was probably a few stray male flowers on females ,
he attributed this to the amount of hermies found by folks growing that seed ...

anyhow its interesting and somethings i prefer to do that practical work on, im a hands on guy, and leave the theorizing to others..

I get male hermies on my autoflowers that have selfed, but I have a problem labeling things, I always think i'm gonna remember what seeds are what but anywho~ any time i meet someone from thailand I always ask if they like ladyboi i've always wondered the same thing, if its like something in the air. You guys in aussie land are kinda spoiled when it comes to the cool stuff, for some reason you seem to have the most psydelic sativas.

 

[H e d g e]

I get male hermies on my autoflowers that have selfed, but I have a problem labeling things, I always think i'm gonna remember what seeds are what but anywho~ any time i meet someone from thailand I always ask if they like ladyboi i've always wondered the same thing, if its like something in the air. You guys in aussie land are kinda spoiled when it comes to the cool stuff, for some reason you seem to have the most psydelic sativas.

I read somewhere that exposing plants to a low voltage electric current increased females and it also effects their untreated offspring, could be something in the electro magnetic field causing it. There was about an hour’s lightening storm at the same time pretty much every afternoon between all the beautiful sunshine when I was there.

Haven’t hooked up a battery to my plants yet but it’s on the list of stuff to try.

 

[Sativa_Top_Cola]

Trying to take better photos sorry for the poor quality deep chunk

 

[cbotany]

I read somewhere that exposing plants to a low voltage electric current increased females and it also effects their untreated offspring, could be something in the electro magnetic field causing it. There was about an hour’s lightening storm at the same time pretty much every afternoon between all the beautiful sunshine when I was there.

Haven’t hooked up a battery to my plants yet but it’s on the list of stuff to try.

I'd read a different book, this might be the pot calling the kettle black but that person is probably off their tits. Did you get lady boi? Love long time? Suckie suckie?

 

[H e d g e]

I'd read a different book, this might be the pot calling the kettle black but that person is probably off their tits. Did you get lady boi? Love long time? suckie?

I read it here..

‘Electricity also can change the sexual expression of cannabis; B.R. Lazarenko and I.B. Gorbatovskaya reported:

"Under the influence of the electrical current, the numerical proportions between hemp plants of different sexes was changed by comparison with the control to give an increase of female plants by 20-25%... The characteristics acquired by the plants in electrically treated soils are transmitted by inheritance to the third generation..." [emphasis added] (82)’

a lil more information to help with this including ref's
----------------------------------------------------------------------4.9 ~ Sexual Expression

The sexual expression of cannabis is determined by its genetic makeup, and by its metabolic temper, which is regulated by the male enzyme andrase and the female enzyme gynase. Environmental conditions (light, nutrients, soil and water) may suppress the formation of the dominant enzyme, and allow the opposite sex to express itself partially (hermaphroditism) or completely (sex reversal). (71, 72)

E. Galoch found that cytokinin is important for the sexual expession of hemp:

"Transition of female and male hemp plants from the vegetative to the generative phase is associated with a rise in cytokinin level while that of male inflorescences proceeds at a decreasing cytokinin level. The activity of cytokinins apparently is associated with an enhancement of the female tendency..." (73)

Gibberellin will inhibit the formation of flowers on cannabis, but sometimes it will otherwise cause the growth of fertile female flowers on genetically male plants. Silver nitrate or cobalt chloride causes masculinization of flowers of female hemp, possibly due to blockage of ethylene synthesis. High levels of N salts --- and long photoperiods --- have a masculinizing effect on hemp.(74-76)

According to K. Conrad, there are sex-linked differences of the auxin content in male and female hemp plants:

"During blossoming the vegetative parts of the males contain more auxin than those of the females. In the dying leaves and stems a remarkable increase of auxin can be observed." (77)

J. Heslop-Harrison studied auxin and sexuality in Cannabis:

"Dioecious hemp plants were grown to an age of 20 days in a day-length of 21-22 hours, then given an inductive treatment of ten 8-hour days to initiate flowering. After return to long days and during the period of differentiation of flower buds, a total of 0.5 gr lanolin paste containing 0.5% NapthaleneAcetic Acid (NAA) was applied to leaves at the 3rd and 4th nodes. In genetically male plants, female plants were subsequently formed in sites which would normally be occupied by males, a result which appears to be regulated by the level of native auxin in the vicinity of meristems during the period of differentiation of flower primordia. Secondary effect of auxin treatment were evident in an over-all reduction in intensity of heteroblastic development, the trend towards a reduction of leaf lobing and serration which normally accompanies plants passing through a period of flowering than in untreated controls." (78)

Nitrogen fertilizers masculinize the phenotype by stimulating the formation of male flowers. The proportion, number and degree of monoecious plants increases with increasing N, and the total N content is always higher in monoecious individuals than it is in females. (79)

Treatment of hempseed with ethylene gas will increase the resulting number of female plants by about 50%. Ethylene is produced by certain plants (i.e., bananas, cucumbers and melons), and these can be used to treat hempseed in a simple manner. About two weeks before you plan to sprout the seeds, place them in a paper bag or envelope and put that in a plastic bag with the peels of a ripening banana or cucumber. Replace the peels after a couple of days, and change the bags to prevent mold.

Hempseed can be feminized while they are forming on the plant. Fruit peels are spread around the area for two weeks before the plants enter the flowering phase. Remove the skins when the plants begin to flower. Otherwise, treatment with Etephon will accomplish the same effect.

When hempseed is treated with the female hormone estrogen, percentage of females that are produced will increase by about 10%. Dissolve a birth control pill in water and soak the seeds overnight in the solution. After the initial soaking, continue to treat the seeds by sprouting them on a paper towel soaked in the solution. (80)

A.I. Zhatov tested the effects of ethrel on hemp:

"Treatment of hemp plants with an aqueous solution of ethrel changed the ratio of male to female flowers. The greatest effect was observed when plants were treated during flowering of male flowers." (81)

Electricity also can change the sexual expression of cannabis; B.R. Lazarenko and I.B. Gorbatovskaya reported:

"Under the influence of the electrical current, the numerical proportions between hemp plants of different sexes was changed by comparison with the control to give an increase of female plants by 20-25%... The characteristics acquired by the plants in electrically treated soils are transmitted by inheritance to the third generation..." [emphasis added] (82)

Photoperiodism is a most useful tool with which to control the sexual expression of cannabis. For example, J. Limberk made a careful study of lighttime on the sexual index of hemp, and reported thus:

"Male plants usually flowered earlier than female. Female plants flowered only when the period of daylight was shorter than 14 hours; male plants flowered even when the day was longer than 14 hours. Reduction of light intensity in the first stages of plant development lead to increases of female plants by 4.3%. Intersexual plants (22-30% of the total) were present in conditions of 11-13 hours light per day. Grafting of plants did not change sex."

Monoeciousness effected by short days is not fixed in the descendants. (84)

The probable future sex of a pre-floral hemp plant can be guessed at by calculating the Leaf-Mass Index (LMI): Count the points (3, 5, 7) on 3 leaves in the center of a cluster. Divide that number by 3 to determine the average number of points. Repeat the process several times, and figure that average also. Multiply the two averages to determine the LMI. A high LMI indicates that the plant will be female.

The phyllotaxy changes to alternate just before the onset of flowering. Then the sex of the plant can be determined by making a close examination of the upper nodes of the main stem. The onset of flowering is indicated by the appearance of undifferentiated primordial buds behind the stipules at the nodes of the petioles (along the stem at the base of branches). Within a few days they differentiate. The male pistils are flat or knobby with a curved shape and 5 open petals about 5 mm. long; they have a single tiny stalk. Overlapping vegetation often disguises their appearance.

The female develops pairs of flowers surrounded by pointed bracts of protective leaves that will enclose the seed. The female stigma usually appear as 2 fuzzy white hairs forming a "V" that protrudes from a bract. Resinous hairs (glandular trichromes) cover the calyx (2-6 mm long).


refs:
1. Small, E. & Cronquist, A.: Taxonomy 25 (4): 405-435 (1976)
2. Emboden, William A, Jr.: Economic Botany 28 (3): 304-310 (1974)
3. Emboden, W.A., Jr.: Taxonomy 26 (1): 110 (1977)
4. Schultes, R.E., et al.: Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard Univ.) 23 (9): 337-364 (1974)
5. Dewey, Lyster: "Hemp"; Yearbook of the Dept. Agriculture (1913), pp. 283-345
6. Hammond, C.T. & Mahlberg, P.G.: Amer. J. Botany 60 (6): 524-528 (1973); ibid., 64 (8): 1023-1031 (1977); ibid., 65 (2): 140-151 (1978)
7. Fujita, M., et al.: Tokyo College of Pharmacy 17: 99 (1967)
8. Fairbairn, J.W.: Bulletin on Narcotics 24 (4): 29-33 (1972)
9. Small, E. & Cronquist, A.: Taxonomy 25 (4): 405-435 (1976)
10. Small, E.: Systematic Botany 3 (1): 37-76 (1978)
11. Small, E. & Beckstead, H.D.: Nature 245: 147-148 (1973)
12. Small, E. & Beckstead, H.D.: Lloydia 36 (2): 144-165 (1973); Biol. Abstr. [B.A.] 57: 50807
13. Small, E., et al.: Economic Botany 29 (3): 219-232 (1975)
14. Hirata, K.: J. Genetics 19: 65-79 (1927)
15. B. A. 52 (1): 70617 (1971)
16. Hennink, S., et al.: "Fiber Hemp in the Ukraine, 1991" in Rosenthal, Ed (editor): Hemp Today; 1994, Quick American Archives, Oakland, CA
17. B.A. 83: 39827-8 & 65007
18. B.A. 83: 39838
19. B.A. 66: 60263
20. Warmke, H.E.: Carnegie Inst. Washington Yrbk 41: 186-189 (1942); ibid., 43: 153-157 (1944)
21. Zhatov, A.E., Genetika 15 (2): 314-319 (1979)
22. Zhator, A., et al.: Titol. Genet 3(1): 28-35 (1969)
23. Menzel, M.Y.: Bull. Torrey Botan. Club 91(3): 193-205 (1964)
24. BA. 65: 8
25. B.A. 80: 16091
26. B.A. 52: 122533 & 19977; ibid., 54: 22295
27. de Pasquale, A., et al.: Il Farmacoea Sci. 34: 841-853 (1979)
28. B.A. 51:16703
29. Burbank, Luther: Luther Burbank: His Methods & Discoveries & Their Practical Application; 1914, L. Burbank Press, London, vol. 8: 108, 303
30. Bocsa, Ivan: The Cultivation of Hemp; 1998, Hemptech (P.O. Box 1716, Sebastopol, CA 95473)
31. Chemical Abstracts (1923), p. 2195
32. Arnoux, M., et al.: Ann. Amelior Plantes 19 (4): 405-418 (1969)
33. Neuer, H, et al.: Zucher 17/18: 33-39 (1946)
34. B.A. 6: 5850
35. Neuer, H., & von Sengbusch, R.: Zucher 15: 49-62 (1943)
36. Hoffman, W.: Zucher 13: 277-283 (1941); ibid., 17/18: 56-59 257-277 (1946)
37. B.A. 46: 3771
38. B.A. 59: 52517
39. B.A. 59: 64191 & 11669; ibid., 60:17525
40. B.A. 60: 5837
41. B.A. 63: 60441
42. B.A. 63: 38762
43. B.A. 64: 45213
44. B.A. 61: 40847
45. B.A. 63: 66475
46. B.A. 79: 91731
47. B.A. 72: 59642
48. B.A. 79: 9193
49. B.A. 87: 4688
50. B.A. 44: 7874; ibid., 8: 1860
51. B.A. 48: 56398
52. B.A. 48: 15032
53. B.A. 43: 11655
54. B.A. 31: 23168
55. B.A. 43: 11678P
56. Schaffner, J.H.: Amer. J. Botany 15 (1): 77-85 (1928)
57. Schaffner, J.H.: Ecology 7 (3): 315-325 (1926)
58. Pritchard, F.J.: J. Heredity 7: 325-329 (1916)
59. Pritchard, F.J.: Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 60: 167-175 (1953)
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61. B.A. 33: 3317; ibid., 11: 11086
62. Talley, P.J.: Plant Physiology 9: 731-747 (1934)
63. Schaffner, J.H.: Ecology 4 (4): 323 (1923)
64. Schaffner, J.H.: Amer. J. Botany 15: 77-85 91928); ibid., 18: 324-330 (1931)
65. Schaffner, J.H.: Botanical Gazzette 71: 197-219 (1921)
66. Chemical Abstracts 77: 786 b
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68. McPhee, H.C.: J. Agric. Res. 28 (11): 1067-1080 (1924); ibid., 31 (10): 935-942
69. B.A. 48: 24855
70. B.A. 46: 26780
71. Galoch, E.: Acta Soc. Botanicorum Poloniae 47 (1-2): 153-162 (1978)
72. B.A. 52: 133025
73. B.A. 71: 62433
74. Ram, H. & Sett, R.: Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 88-B (2): 303-308 (1979)
75. Saranth, G. & Ram, H.: Experientia 35 (3): 333-334 (1979)
76. Black, C.A.: Botanical Gazette 107: 114-120 (1945)
77. B.A. 48: 14913
78. B.A. 31: 15249
79. B.A. 48: 51352
80 Flowers, Tom: Marijuana Flower Forcing; 1997, Flowers Publishing Co., Berkeley CA
81. B.A. 66: 17
82. Lazarenko, B., & Gorbatovskaya: Applied Electrical Phenomena #6 (March/April, 1966)
83. B.A. 84: 83306
84. B.A. 35: 60889; ibid., 46: 17393

enjoy and ill chat ya later clips

 

[cbotany]

I read it here..

‘Electricity also can change the sexual expression of cannabis; B.R. Lazarenko and I.B. Gorbatovskaya reported:

"Under the influence of the electrical current, the numerical proportions between hemp plants of different sexes was changed by comparison with the control to give an increase of female plants by 20-25%... The characteristics acquired by the plants in electrically treated soils are transmitted by inheritance to the third generation..." [emphasis added] (82)’

Dude, this might just be me, but don't zap your seedlings.

 

[Sativa_Top_Cola]

Small bud of deep chunk

 

[cbotany]

Small bud of deep chunk View attachment 19145721 View attachment 19145747

Killing it bubba, good work

 

[Sativa_Top_Cola]

Thank you ,it's funny that's just a small plant that grew by it self I add no fertilizer I think I just water it once lol

 

[cbotany]

Thank you ,it's funny that's just a small plant that grew by it self I add no fertilizer I think I just water it once lol

Yeah bud, good soil is all you need

 

[Sativa_Top_Cola]

Yeah so the deep chunk preflower alot and stopped stretching,so this is the first week of true flowering,I just added fertilizer first of this month,I keep them going for two or three more months should have ripped seeds by then,deep chunk definitely has skunky aromas ,flavors,the terps are becoming more noticeable, smells like a cloud,fog, cream, fruits, grapefruit, Citrus fruit ,trees,lemon ,pine,spice, pepper, rubber smell changes as plant grows,

 

[cbotany]

Yeah so the deep chunk preflower alot and stopped stretching,so this is the first week of true flowering,I just added fertilizer first of this month,I keep them going for two or three more months should have ripped seeds by then,deep chunk definitely has skunky aromas and flavors.

nice bubbah

 

[Sativa_Top_Cola]

 

[Sativa_Top_Cola]

I keep trimming the leaf looks good now