http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0100-879X2006000400001&script=sci_arttext
Interesting reading. seems it was 1500mg a day for some.
Interesting reading. seems it was 1500mg a day for some.
Pops said:Sativex failed its tests because the test group that got placebos did far better than expected. It doesn't mean that Sativex didn't work, but the power of suggestion(placebos) can sometimes cause folks to either heal themselves of feel better. Mental affects physical! I agree with you that the death probably had nothing to do with sativex. Brazilian scientists gave people up to 1480mg of CBD daily with no side effects.
September 28, 2006 - Oxford, United Kingdom
Oxford, United Kingdom: The oromucosal administration of natural THC extracts temporarily reduces ocular hypertension in glaucoma patients, according to the findings of a pilot study to be published in the October issue of the Journal of Glaucoma.
Six patients diagnosed with ocular hypertension or early primary open angle glaucoma participated in the randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Investigators measured the impact of THC, CBD (cannabidiol), or placebo on patients' intraocular pressure (IOP) following single dose administration. Elevated IOP can cause damage to the optic nerve and is considered to be a leading risk factor for glaucoma.
"Two hours after sublingual administration of 5 mg [of] delta-9-THC, [patients'] IOP was significantly lower than after placebo," investigators found. "[Patients'] IOP returned to baseline level after the 4-hour IOP measurement."
Investigators further reported that a single dosage of CBD had no impact on IOP in low doses (20 mg) while elevating patients' IOP at high doses (40 mg).
Clinical trials performed at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1971 first reported that inhaled cannabis temporarily reduces ocular tension.
An estimated three million Americans suffer from glaucoma, which leads to blindness if left untreated.
For more information, please contact Paul Armentano, NORML Senior Policy Analyst, at (202) 483-5500. Full text of the study, "Effect of sublingual application of cannabinoids on intraocular pressure: a pilot study," appears in the October[2006] issue of the Journal of Glaucoma.
Pops! Just ran into this and thought yuo would want to see it:Pops said:rsteeb, that is exactly why we need more medical research on cannabis. We know that THC is a vasodilator and will help IOP for glaucoma patients. There is a Japanese doctor at U. of Sask. in Canada who used CBD to treat glutamate induced neuron death in the retina of the eye. We need to find what will work in some conditions and what will not work. There is some indication that CBD has the ability to regulate blood pressure, but there has not been enough work on it. I hope to use it to reduce glutamate excitotoxicity in the spinal fluid of my son who has ALS.
Published online on June 23, 2008
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.0803601105
PHARMACOLOGY
Beta-caryophyllene is a dietary cannabinoid
Jürg Gertsch*,{dagger}, Marco Leonti{ddagger},§, Stefan Raduner*,§, Ildiko Racz¶, Jian-Zhong Chen||, Xiang-Qun Xie||, Karl-Heinz Altmann*, Meliha Karsak¶, and Andreas Zimmer¶
*Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; {ddagger}Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, University of Cagliari, 01924 Cagliari, Italy; ¶Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn Germany; and ||Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
Edited by L. L. Iversen, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, and approved May 6, 2008 (received for review April 14, 2008)
Abstract
The psychoactive cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L. and the arachidonic acid-derived endocannabinoids are nonselective natural ligands for cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and CB2 receptors. Although the CB1 receptor is responsible for the psychomodulatory effects, activation of the CB2 receptor is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammation, pain, atherosclerosis, and osteoporosis. Here, we report that the widespread plant volatile (E)-ß-caryophyllene [(E)-BCP] selectively binds to the CB2 receptor (Ki = 155 ± 4 nM) and that it is a functional CB2 agonist. Intriguingly, (E)-BCP is a common constituent of the essential oils of numerous spice and food plants and a major component in Cannabis. Molecular docking simulations have identified a putative binding site of (E)-BCP in the CB2 receptor, showing ligand {pi}–{pi} stacking interactions with residues F117 and W258. Upon binding to the CB2 receptor, (E)-BCP inhibits adenylate cylcase, leads to intracellular calcium transients and weakly activates the mitogen-activated kinases Erk1/2 and p38 in primary human monocytes. (E)-BCP (500 nM) inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression in peripheral blood and attenuates LPS-stimulated Erk1/2 and JNK1/2 phosphorylation in monocytes. Furthermore, peroral (E)-BCP at 5 mg/kg strongly reduces the carrageenan-induced inflammatory response in wild-type mice but not in mice lacking CB2 receptors, providing evidence that this natural product exerts cannabimimetic effects in vivo. These results identify (E)-BCP as a functional nonpsychoactive CB2 receptor ligand in foodstuff and as a macrocyclic antiinflammatory cannabinoid in Cannabis.
I believe that pathway of THC manufacture has been shown to be in error here.devilgoob said:If you let the plant grow, a lot THC will degrade to CBD after a while...and then it dies.