a.k.a_Herb
Member
FF that SC is sick, great job! All i can say is have fun smokin her. Thanks.............Herb
whoa bro, very nice bush. damn man that plant looks better than the mom it came from, killer job. you have the touch .
nice freakin pics lil diddle.
CBF
FF that SC is sick, great job! All i can say is have fun smokin her. Thanks.............Herb
She's a beuty!! How long she have??
Is there any plant under all that resin???
beutiful ff
There is no magical way to
influence the cannabinoid biosynthesis to favor THC pro-
duction, but certain factors involved in the growth and
maturation of Cannabis do affect final cannabinoid levels,
These factors may be controlled to some extent by proper
selection of mature floral clusters for harvesting, agricul
tural technique, and local environment. In addition to
genetic and seasonal influences, the picture is further modi-
fied by the fact that each individual calyx goes through the
cannabinoid cycle fairly independently and that during
peak periods of resin secretion new flowers are produced
every day and begin their own cycle. This means that at
any given time the ratio of calyx-to-leaf, the average calyx
condition, the condition of the resins, and resultant canna-
binoid ratios indicate which stage the floral cluster has
reached. Since it is difficult for the amateur cultivator to
determine the cannabinoid profile of a floral cluster with-
out chromatographic analysis, this discussion will center
on the known and theoretical correlations between the ex-
ternal characteristics of calyx and resin and internal canna-
binoid profile. A better understanding of these subtle
changes in cannabinoid ratios may be gleaned by observing
the cannabinoid biosynthesis. Focus on the lower left-hand
corner of the chart. Next, follow the chain of reactions
until you find the four isomers of THC acid (tetrahydro-
cannabinolic acid), toward the right side of the page at the
crest of the reaction sequence, and realize that there are
several steps in a long series of reactions that precede and
follow the formation of THC acids, the major psycho-
active cannabinoids. Actually, THC acid and the other
necessary cannabinoid acids are not psychoactive until they
decarboxylate (lose an acidic carboxyl group [COOHI).
It is the cannabinoid acids which move along the biosyn-
thetic pathway, and these acids undergo the strategic reac-
tions that determine the position of any particular canna-
binoid molecule along the pathway. After the resins are
secreted by the glandular trichome they begin to harden
and the cannabinoid acids begin to decarboxylate. Any
remaining cannabinoid acids are decarboxylated by heat
within a few days after harvesting. Other THC acids with
shorter side-chains also occur in certain strains of Cannabis.
Several are known to be psychoactive and many more are
suspected of psychoactivity. The shorter propyl (three-
carb on) and methyl (one-carbon) side-chain homologs
(similarly shaped molecules) are shorter acting than pen tyl
(five-carbon) THCs and may account for some of the quick,
flashy effects noted by some marijuana users. We will
focus on the pentyl pathway but it should be noted that
the propyl and methyl pathways have homologs at nearly
every step along the pentyl pathway and their synthesis is
basically identical.
The first step in the pentyl cannabinoid biosynthetic
pathway is the combination of olivetolic acid with geranyl
pyrophosphate. Both of these molecules are derived from
terpenes, and it is readily apparent that the biosynthetic
route of the aromatic terpenoids may be a clue to forma-
tion of the cannabinoids. The union of these two molecules
forms CBG acid (cannabigerolic acid) which is the basic
cannabinoid precursor molecule. CBG acid may be con-
verted to CBGM (CBG acid monomethyl ether), or a
hydroxyl group (OH) attaches to the geraniol portion of the
molecule forming hydroxy-CBG acid. Through the forma-
tion of a transition-state molecule, either CBC acid (canna-
bichromenic acid) or CBD acid (cannabidiolic acid) is
formed. CBD acid is the precursor to the THC acids, and,
although CBD is only mildly psychoactive by itself, it may
act with THC to modify the psychoactive effect of the
THC in a sedative way. CBC is also mildly psychoactive
and may interact synergistically with THC to alter the
psychoactive effect (Turner et al. 1975). Indeed, CBD may
suppress the effect of THC and CBC may potentiate the
effect of THC, although this has not yet been proven. All
of the reactions along the cannabinoid biosynthetic path-
way are enzyme-controlled but are affected by environ-
mental conditions.
Conversion of CBD acid to THC acid is the single
most important reaction with respect to psychoactivity in
the entire pathway and the one about which we know the
most. Personal communication with Raphael Mechoulam
has centered around the role of ultraviolet light in the bio-
synthesis of THC acids and minor cannabinoids. In the
laboratory, Mechoulam has converted CBD acid to THC
acids by exposing a solution of CBD acid in n-hexane to
ultraviolet light of 235-285 nm. for up to 48 hours. This
reaction uses atmospheric oxygen molecules (02) and is
irreversible; however, the yield of the conversion is only
about 15% THC acid, and some of the products formed in
the laboratory experiment do not occur in living specimens.
Four types of isomers or slight variations of THC acids
(THCA) exist. Both Delta1-THCA and Delta6-THCA are naturally
occurring isomers of THCA resulting from the positions of
the double bond on carbon 1 or carbon 6 of the geraniol
portion of the molecule They have approximately the
same psychoactive effect; however, Delta1-THC acid is about
four times more prevalent than Delta6-THC acid in most
strains. Also Alpha and Beta forms of Delta1-THC acid and Delta6-THC
acid exist as a result of the juxtaposition of the hydrogen
(H) and the carboxyl (COOH) groups on the olivetolic acid
portion of the molecule It is suspected that the psycho-
activity of the a and ~ forms of the THC acid molecules
probably does not vary, but this has not been proven.
Subtle differences in psychoactivity not detected in animals
by laboratory instruments, but often discussed by mari-
juana aficionados, could be attributed to additional syner-
gistic effects of the four isomers of THC acid. Total psycho-
activity is attributed to the ratios of the primary canna-
binoids of CBC, CBD, THC and CBN; the ratios of methyl,
propyl, and pentyl homologs of these cannabinoids; and
the isomeric variations of each of these cannabinoids.
Myriad subtle combinations are sure to exist. Also, ter-
penoid and other aromatic compounds might suppress or
potentiate the effects of THCs.
I nominated the last pic for December~ Pic of the Month