Well if you subscribe to quantum entanglement, then there is a physical link between the two particles – or at least there appears to be. Hence the term "entanglement".The push-rod is then moving instantaneously.
I might be on the wrong project here, but I don't think the idea is that anything moved from one place to another. It was like we turned the milk sour in one bottle, and all the other bottles went sour at the same time. We effected milk everywhere, by acting upon it at one point. As if milk were all one. That was where my mind settled upon the problem. That it was all one, but we can't see it in such a large frame, so look at it as small blocks/particles we feel comfortable with. With this wider view, it seems possible that changing the balance locally, causes a shift everywhere. Like, giving one part of it an extra ion, made the rest take on one, but from locally to themselves. On a weaker level, we can add an ion to a thing, and call the whole thing ionised. Yet it can't all be at once. It just all knows there is an extra ion floating about, so any part of it becomes happier to give one up. We effect just one atom, yet they all feel it.
Somewhere in there, I feel, is a change in attitude, without a change in state. Or a change in state, to remain homologous. But without spreading anything out from the point of interaction.
This fits what I have seen, and doesn't need matter moving faster than light. Though knowledge seems to of done so, if we look at things through our little particle glasses. Instead of the big screen.
It's all just talk, but we do have that observation, and would like a story that doesn't break the rules.
There's also the question of Schrodinger's Cat and particles being in two states at once until observed. My problem with Schrodinger's analogy is that the cat knows if it is alive or dead (or does it?), so why do we need an observer to put it in one state (dead) or another (alive)?
Surely particles also "know" which state they are in? Can they not "observe" themselves?
If we talk about an instantaneous change of state, or being in two places at once, does a photon not already experience this?
Think about it: a photon travels at the speed of light – it experiences no time. It comes in and out of existence (from the photon's perspective) at exactly the same time. It is both "alive" and "dead" at the same time. We can physically track its path across the universe over billions of years, but to the photon it travels from one side of the universe to the other in an instant.
The photon is everywhere and nowhere all at once. And yet – apparently – if left unchecked, the life of a photon is even longer than the life of the universe that created it!
A single photon could, theoretically (from its own perspective), witness the birth and death of a 100-trillion-year-old universe in less than the blink of an eye.
So depending on your perspective, then I guess distance doesn't mean anything when you don't experience time.