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Basically it's having two flowering rooms at the same time to consume power over 24 hours.
When room A turns off for the 12 hours off, room B comes on.
This helps for keeping the 12/12 consumption of large amounts of power off the radar for LEO/hydro looking for the 12/12 cycle associated with flowering cannabis.
Also allows you to have more lights in one location because you are only using 50% of the lights at a given time. (Assuming the 12/12 cycle) You might have the space for 1000 plants, but only enough power for 500 at one time.
This is the basic idea. I'm sure others will chime in.
The flip flop may be run for numerous reasons, such as keeping hourly usage down or you may be balls to the wall running 160 amps of lights, A/C, pumps, etc but still have room for more plants. If running a generator, flip flopping keeps it running 24/7 and is the most efficient method
Also you use one ballast for every 2 lights. You still need a bulb and hood, but the ballast is what is switched. It will run light A for 12 hours, then the flip flopper flips and now light A is off and light B is on. Like that terminology?
a flip/flop saves you big time in equipment, and i believe wear and tear on the ballasts. Just make sure you have a fan on the ballasts to be extra sure to dissipate the heat.
a flip flop isbasically a relayswitch-usually controlled by a timer which has 2 circuit going out of it.. If for example you had the timer set to do 12 hours on and 12 ours off-well a flip flop would put the power out of one circuit for 12 hours, then when the timer switches-it would FLIP the power over to the other circuit...another 12 hours and it will FLOP back again... They are most often used to light 2 growrooms using only one set of lighting ballasts... switching the power out iof the ballast from one set of lamps to the other.-That is also a nice way of having a light mover on the cheap The other most common use for a flip flop is for a day/night relay...ie you plug ur lights and feed pumps, co2-basically all the stuff that only should be running in the day into one side -and things like heaters and any other stuff which you only want on at night would be plugged into the other side.... Great bit ofkit as its usually cheaper to buy a flip flop and a second set of bulbs than it would be to buy a second set of complete lights...Especially if your a bigger grower