UVB bulbs...

[Guest]

So then a landrace that is high in resin and low in THC?

Would that be a start of a search?

I'm not sure, Sam is the man to ask. I remember a discussion about THC producing plants and CBD producing plants, and basically, there are two alleles, one for THC, one for CBD, when Sam says all western drug varieties have only THC he is referring to the fact that they have all been selected for the THC allele and no longer possess the CBD allele. I know that there are some landraces around that contain both alleles - Japanese varieties from Dosanko and Hokkaido are said to still have the CBD allele and will produce a number of low THC but high CBD plants.

As for the other 71 cannabinoids, I don't even know what those are and which if any of them are psychoactive. You might be able to tell whether a plant is a CBD producer or a THC producer b smoking them (CBD is much less psychoactive, more sedative, if smoked will make you sleepy not high) but to identify any fo the others as being present in a plant, you're gonna need a lad, a bilogoical chemist and a gas chromatograph. Sam has these things, but he's one of the very few (who work with cannabis) who do.

 

[guest]

Landraces not selected by man for drug properties, industrial hemp has been bred by man.

Thanks for the info Sam, I have to agree with you that UV-B doesn't seem to be too important in THCA production as indoor plants are full of the stuff but receive no UV-B (lamps are coated to block it).

It would seem that some strains of ihemp would focus on seed production. Since those would focus on the flower area of the plant is it possible that those might also have some non-THC cannabinoids?

 

[Guest]

I don't know. Why are you interested in the other cannabinoids? Without knowing what they all are and what (if any) psychoactive properties they have (individually or if combined with other cannabinoids) you're shooting in the dark, and like I say, without the resources, skills and equipment to isolate and analyse these cannabinoids, you're not gonna be able to do any meaningful work with them.

I know a little about THCV - it is found in tropical sativas like Malawi, Zamal and Thai, Sam posted back on OG that THCV in itself is not psychoactive. However, maybe THCV plays some part in the psychedelic very cerebrally psychoactive highs these varietals are known for - maybe it acts on THC and alters it's effects?

 

[guest]

Looking at blending oils. High THC oils are easy to locate.

It would be nice to be able to blend high THC oil with low THC oil. Vary the ratios to target various medical conditions.

edit low THC oils that are high in other cannabinoids and, of course, other "stuff."

 

[Guest]

Like a say, it would require a lab and GC equipment to identify the plants bearing the other cannabinoids.

Look up GW pharmaceuticals, they are researching this area.

 

[guest]

Yep .. know about GW.

I figure if they can do it then folks here should be able to also.

 

[blazeoneup]

I dont believe uvb increases the actual thc level. I think it increases trichrome production. More over-all cannabinoids are produced not more potent cannabinoids! I produce a lot more kief with crops grown under uvb lighting than I do crops without it. Seems it produces more trichromes and in turn equals more over-all cannabinoids/terpens.

Thats what I have noticed from my experience.

I see it like this. If you have 2 shots of liquer both the same liquer same alcohol level by volume. You take and poor both shots into a single shot glass that wont make it any more potent by volume, But because there is more liquer the double shot will fuck you up more then the single. even though adding them 2 shots together wouldnt actually be making it stronger just more of it. So in a sense thats kinda what uvb does for my gardens. Doesnt actually make the thc or other cannabinoids stronger just makes them more abundant.

 

[marijuanamat]

blazeoneup i think your bang on and i think this is why alot of outdoor only plants don't produce as many or as large trichomes as they do outdoors under the light of the sun.Take passion#1 from dutch passion,i grew a few outdoors took cutting from her to try indoors,outdoors the buds were really resinious with plenty of flavour and smell sort of creamy orange citric aroma but flowered under lights the trichomes didn't really develope,there were trichomes but they were really small and needed a mag glass to see them,they had no stem to the trichomes at all really like you see normally.
Another thing that was lacking indoors was aroma and flavour that the mother plant had outdoors,it just tasted like hemp no flavour ,nothing just horriable smoke with no effects at all.

So theres diefinatly something missing from the indoor enviroment as they were both grown with exactly the soil and same feeding regime.

 

[Guest]

Passion #1 is awful indoors, I tried it too, outdoors it's good, I think in that case it's outdoor genetics that won;t grow well indoors.

 

[trichburner]

Passion #1 is awful indoors, I tried it too, outdoors it's good, I think in that case it's outdoor genetics that won;t grow well indoors.

Interesting point made here that begs to bring up a question or two . What role does genetics play in response to higher levels of UV light , or is it even genetics at all ? If it is genetics , is it only certain strains that are effected or is it inclusive of the entire species ? If it's not genetics , then is it even the UV that's responsible for the more pronounced effects of tropical grown cannabis ? I think these has to be questions answered first before we can determine whether or not UVB will increase resin production , gland head size , and/or terpine & cannabinoid content .

But please continue with the experiments because that is the way we learn . Once I go indoors , I'll be doing my own theory testing with UVB . The more you post , the less I have to do

 

[marijuanamat]

When i grew passion#1 veg growth was rapid and flower formation was the same as outdoors ,only the resin/cannabinoid/terpine production that is effected and this was under 1k over a 1sq/m .
So theres definatly something missing from the indoor grow enviroment which causes poor resin/cannabinoid/terpine production in outdoor only varieties if there wasn't they should produce pretty much the same product.
I outcrossed the same passion#1 mother to my chronic male(Amstelonic) and they perform really well under lights .

Sam no disrespect but you did your experiments in a greenhouse which wouldn't make any differance as they'd be exposed to all UV light from the sun anyway,even with UV glass some UV light must get through.
The only real way to go about it is to have 2 indoor flowering room's 1 with just a HPS and 1 with HPS plus the UV-b on for 4-5 hours through the middle of the day with a variety like passion#1 which is well known to produce shit indoors.
If i had the room i'd do the experiments myself but i do not have the room but this definatly needs more looking into as theres not enough info on this what so ever.

 

[Sam_Skunkman]

marijuanamat,
"Sam no disrespect but you did your experiments in a greenhouse which wouldn't make any differance as they'd be exposed to all UV light from the sun anyway,even with UV glass some UV light must get through."

How much UVB do you think gets through glass?

I can sunburn easy outdoors, but indoors in a greenhouse, it has never happened to me, and I work in a greenhouse almost daily with no shirt.
Ordinary glass is partially transparent to UVA but is opaque to shorter wavelengths while Silica or quartz glass, depending on quality, can be transparent. Ordinary window glass passes about 90% of the light above 350 nm, but blocks over 90% of the light below 300 nm. UVB is 280nm to 315nm or 290 to 320 depending on the reference.
I was told that over 90% of the UVB is stopped by glass roofs, it seemed correct.
I still stand by my experiment with UVB, it did not help.
-SamS

 

[Guest]

Sam is correct, glass and PVC greenhouse coverings block UV-B, it is only in recent years that manufacturers have started offering alternatives that do allow UV-B through.

Sam, what is your take on the relationship between UV-B and resin production? If the heads of trichomes are transparent to visible light but opaque to UV-B, this means the UV-B is being absorbed, there must be a reason for this, what process(es) do you think are being powered by the UV-B?

 

[Sam_Skunkman]

I do not understand what you mean by there must be a reason for this?
The reason I tried UVB under glass is because it seemed to me that the same clone grown outdoors was slightly more psychoactive, not more THC, not more resin, but somehow better. So I tried to find out if UVB was what was missing under glass.
One thing is for sure, UVB is not required to grow great Cannabis, I mean think about it, most Cannabis is grown under lights with little to no UVB, these plants have tons of resin and THC. So while I believe that outdoor grown plants can be slightly better, I do not know why. And I am not sure UVB has anything to do with it.

-SamS

 

[Guest]

Hello Sam

I completely agree about UVB not being necessary to grow great cannabis as by US law, lamps are coated to block UVB as it's harmful to humans.

The only information I have been able to find on the topic of UVB and cannabis is this article and I don't know the credentials of Joe Knuc or the basis for his studies:

MARIJUANA OPTICS

An elaboration on the phytochemical process that makes THC
by Joe Knuc

The resin exuded by the glandular trichome forms a sphere (1) that encases the head cells. (2)

When the resin spheres are separated from the dried plant material by electrostatic (3) attraction and placed on a microscope slide illuminated with a 100W incandescent bulb, they appear very dark when observed through a 300X microscope. Since orange, red, and infrared are the component wavelengths of incandescent light, and since the absorption of light makes an object dark or opaque to the frequency of the incoming wave, one can conclude that these wavelengths are probably not directly involved in energizing the cannabinoid pathway. (4)

However, the resin sphere is transparent to ultraviolet radiation. (5)

The author found through trial and error that only one glandular
trichome (6) exhibits the phytochemical process that will produce the amount of THC associated with pain relief, appetite stimulation and anti-nausea; euphoria and hallucinations are side-effects, however. This trichome is triggered into growth by either of the two ways that the floral bract is turned into fruit. (7)

Of all the ways that optics are involved in the phytochemical production of THC, the most interesting has to be how the head cells and cannabinoid molecules are tremendously magnified (8) by the resin sphere. These and other facts are curiously absent from the literature. The footnotes update the literature to include electrostatic separation of the resin sphere from the dried plant material and marijuana parthenocarpy.


(1) "For all spheres, a ray drawn perpendicular to the sphere's surface will intersect the center of the sphere, no matter what spot on the surface is picked, and the magnifying power(a) of a glass sphere is greater the smaller its size. A sphere of glass can also bring light that is heading to a focus behind it to a point within it, with freedom from two aberrations, spherial aberration and coma, but not from chromatic aberration. Chromatic aberration results when different wavelengths are focused on different planes and is the most difficult of the aberrations to correct. The human eye lens also exhibits chromatic aberration, but a yellow pigment(b) called the macula lutea in the fovea, an area at the rear of the eyeball, corrects this problem by the way it absorbs blue light."

(a)"The formula to calculate the magnifying power of a sphere is l=333/d, where l is the magnifying power and d is the diameter of the sphere expressed in mm."

(b)Interestingly, the resin exuded by drug-type flowering female marijuana plants has a yellow tint. Could this pigment work to correct chromatic aberration in the resin sphere like the macula lutea does in the fovea for the eyeball?

(2) Quoting from the Mahlberg and Kim study of hemp: "THC accumulated in abundance in the secretory cavity where it was associated with the following: cell walls, surface feature of secretory vesicles, fibrillar material released from disc cell wall, and cuticle. It was not associated with the content of the secretory vesicles."

The resin spheres contain the THC. It is not contained in the leaf or floral bract. After the resin spheres are dissolved in solvent or dislodged by electrostatic attraction, and a microscopic examination of the leaf or floral bract has revealed that only the glandular trichomes' stalks remain, no effect will be felt after smoking the dried plant material from which the resin spheres have been removed.

(3) The electrostatic collection of the resin spheres from dried marijuana plants with plenty of ripe seeds has been for hundreds of years the method indigenous people of North Africa and Lebanon have used to make hashish. Obtain a round metal can 8" or so in diameter x 3" or so in depth (the kind that cookies come in) with a smooth lid. Obtain 2 ounces of dried marijuana with plenty of ripe seeds in the tops. To remove the seeds and stems, sift the marijuana tops through a 10-hole-to-the-inch wire kitchen strainer into the can. Close the can with the lid and vigorously shake the closed can three or four times. This gives the resin spheres an excess negative charge. Let the can sit for a moment and then remove the lid. Opposites attract. The negative-charged resin spheres have been attracted to the metal surface of the can and lid which has a positive charge. Take a matchbook cover or credit card and draw the edge across the surface of the lid. Note the collected powder. Observed under 300X magnification, the collected powder from this "shake" is composed of resin spheres with an occasional non-glandular trichome. As the marijuana is shaken again and again, and more of the yellow resin spheres are removed from the plant material, the collected powder gradually becomes green-colored as the number of non-glandular trichomes increases in the collected powder. The greener the powder, the less the effect.

(4) "Cannabinoids represent a dimer consisting of a terpene and a phenol component. Cannabigerol (CBG) is the first component of the pathway. It undergoes chemical change to form either cannabichromene (CBC), or cannabidiol (CBD). Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is derived from CBD."

(5) "Pate (1983) indicated that in areas of high ultraviolet radiation exposure, the UVB (280-320 nm) absorption properties of THC may have conferred an evolutionary advantage to Cannabis capable of greater production of this compound from biogenetic precursor CBD. The extent to which this production is also influenced by environmental UVB has also been experimentally determined by Lydon et al. (1987)."

The writer's own experience allow for a more specific conclusion: If the UVB photon is missing from the light stream(a), or the intensity as expressed in µW/cm2 falls below a certain level(b), the phytochemical process will not be completely energized with only UVA photons which are more penetrating but less energetic, and the harvested resin spheres will have mostly precursor compounds and not fully realized THC(c).

(a)Examples of an environment where the UVB photon would be missing from the light stream include all indoor cultivation illuminated by HID bulbs and in glass or corrugated fiberglass covered greenhouses.

(b)"The maximum UVB irradiance near the equator (solar elevation angle less than 25 deg.) under clear, sunny skies is about 250 µW/cm2. It was observed that the daily solar UVB in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (N24.4Lat.) decreased from September to December by about 40% (Hannan et al. 1984). The further a person is from the tropics, the less UVB radiation there is: the average annual exposure of a person living in Hawaii is approximately four times that of someone living in northern Europe." Below are some UVB readings taken in Hoyleton, Illinois, on a clear sunny day in June by David Krughoff as reported in Reptile Lighting 2000.

7am: 12 microwatts/cm2
8am: 74 microwatts/cm2
9am: 142 microwatts/cm2
10am: 192 microwatts/cm2
11am: 233 microwatts/cm2
12pm: 256 microwatts/cm2
1pm: 269 microwatts/cm2
2pm: 262 microwatts/cm2
3pm: 239 microwatts/cm2
4pm: 187 microwatts/cm2
5pm: 131 microwatts/cm2
6pm: 61 microwatts/cm2

(c)Cannabinoid pathway: Anywhere in this pathway UVB
(320 nm - 290 nm) does a better job than UVA (400 nm - 320 nm) in energizing a phytochemical reaction that will produce more fully realized THC because "all cannabinolic compounds show an absorption maximum between 270 and 280 nm in the ultraviolet region."

(6) Capitate-stalked glandular trichome.

(7) #1: The ovum has been fertilized and there is a seed developing: In the areas of the Northern Hemisphere where indigenous people have grown heterozygous drug-type marijuana for hundreds of years, pollination is used to trigger the growth of the capitate-stalked glandular trichome on the floral bract and concomitant leaves of the flowering females before the autumnal equinox(a) so the majority of seeds will be ripe(b) before November.

(7) #2: The floral bract has become parthenocarpic: Parthenocarpic fruits develop without fertilization and have no seeds. Except for transmutation and turning lead into gold, there has been more nonsense written about seedless marijuana than on any other subject. In marijuana parthenocarpy, the floral bract (the fruit) enlarges in size as though there were a seed growing inside, and the capitate-stalked glandular trichome is triggered into growth on the floral bract and concomitant leaves. "Most popular supermarket tomatoes are parthenocarpic which was induced artificially by the application of dilute hormone sprays (such as auxins) to the flowers." In a trial, marijuana parthenocarpy was not induced by the application of the spray used on tomatoes. Only the photoperiod(c) will trigger parthenocarpy in flowering female marijuana plants. Marijuana parthenocarpy occurring before the autumnal equinox is considered by the author to be "long-day" and marijuana parthenocarpy occurring after the autumnal equinox to be "short-day".

The longest photoperiod that will trigger parthenocarpy in unfertilized flowering homozygous(d) Indica female marijuana plants is 13:00 hours, give or take 15 minutes. This effect can be obtained in the month of August at N35Lat, and because the capitate-stalked glandular trichomes received plenty of UVB during this month at this latitude, the harvested resin spheres had fully realized THC. Rating: euphoria and hallucinations, major appetite boost and pain relief, deep dreamless sleep. These plants seldom grow taller than four feet but potency makes up for the reduced harvest.

The gene pool is heterozygous if a flowering female marijuana plant is not parthenocarpic by the end of the first week in September in the Northern Hemisphere. If this is the case, pollination is used instead of parthenocarpy to trigger the growth of the capitate-stalked glandular trichome before the autumnal equinox to obtain as much fully realized THC as possible in the harvested resin spheres by the time the majority of the seeds are ripe.

The longest photoperiod that will trigger parthenocarpy in unfertilized flowering heterozygous female marijuana plants is 11:00 hours, give or take 15 minutes: This effect can be obtained in the month of November at N35Lat. Because of the low intensity of UVB radiation at this latitude at sea level during November, the harvested resin spheres evidenced only slightly more THC than precursor compounds. Rating: mild to medium euphoria, appetite boost and pain relief, good snooze.

Thai marijuana falls into this 11:00 hour category, and its parthenocarpy is characterized by an inflorescence in which many floral bracts are attached to an elongated meristem. It is these elongated meristems that are harvested to become a THAI STICK. On the other side of the world, Mexican marijuana grown around the same latitudes (Michoacan, Guerrero, Oaxaca) also falls into this short-day parthenocarpic category and the unfertilized marijuana will become "sensimilla" in the 11:00 hour photoperiod which begins in mid-December in that region. The winter sunshine in those latitudes has more UVB intensity than the winter sunshine at N35Lat.

All unfertilized flowering female marijuana plants will become parthenocarpic in a 9:00 hour photoperiod (15:00 hour dark period): This can be obtained in the month of December at N35Lat. At this latitude in this month there is not even enough UVB in sunlight for precursor vitamin D3 to develop in human skin. The phytochemical process will not produce THC whenever the UVB and UVA photons in the light stream fall below a certain level of intensity expressed in µW/cm2. Rating: no effect.

(a)In the Northern Hemisphere above the Tropic of Cancer, the key to all marijuana potency is this: The more days of sunlight the capitate-stalked glandular trichomes' resin spheres accumulate before the autumnal equinox the more fully realized THC.

(b)It is recognized in the indigenous world that drug-type marijuana with a majority of ripe seeds will produce more euphoria, hallucinations, appetite stimulation, pain relief, and sleep aid than with a majority of unripe seeds.

(c)The photoperiodic response is controlled by phytochrome. "Phytochrome is a blue pigment in the leaves and seeds of plants and is found in 2 forms. One form is a blue form(Pfr), which absorbs red light, and the other is a blue-green form(Pr) that absorbs far-red light. Solar energy has 10X more red (660nm) than far-red (730nm) light causing the accumulation of Pfr." The first and last hour of a day's sunlight is mostly red light because of the scattering effect on blue light. "So at the onset of the dark period much of the phytochrome is in the Pfr form. However, Pfr is unstable and returns to phytochrome Pr in the dark." The red light in sunrise returns the Pr to the Pfr form. "Phytochrome Pfr is the active form and controls flowering and germination. It inhibits flowering of short-day plants (the long night period is required for the conversion of Pfr to Pr) and promotes flowering of long day plants."

(d)In Nepal and nearby areas of India where the capitate-stalked glandular trichome is triggered into growth by parthenocarpy rather than by fertilized ovum, great care is taken to make sure that all male marijuana plants are destroyed as soon as they reveal their sex. This is because unfertilized Indica flowering females can have both stigma and anther protruding from the floral bract. In the Indica gene pool, female-produced pollen carries an allele for long-day parthenocarpy, and seeds resulting from this female-produced pollen will produce another generation of female plants that will also exhibit long-day parthenocarpy during flowering. But if pollen from male plants is introduced into this gene pool, the resulting seeds will produce a generation of females that will exhibit short-day parthenocarpy instead. The allele for long-day parthenocarpy in the female-produced pollen is carried into the gene pool by self-pollination and cross-pollination, and perhaps homozygous is used too loosely here to describe the genetic result.

(8) It appears that the resin sphere acts as an UVB receptor and magnifying lens. The latter apparently lets it gather in a lot more photons than would otherwise be possible; because a lens also acts as a prism, the resin sphere may prevent some wavelengths from being focused where the phytochemical processes are taking place because they could interfere with the efficiency of the phytochemical process that makes THC.

Joe Knuc is a pseudonym. If the paragraph or sentence in Marijuana Optics has quotes around it, then somebody probably with a degree wrote it. As for the rest, it was all written by Joe Knuc and the views expressed are his alone except where indicated.

Copyright (c) 2002 (rev. 2006) Joe Knuc.

 

[marijuanamat]

Thanks for that sam,i'm not to clued up on glass and uv light,i knew it blocked some but not how much,but theres definatly something a miss in the indoor enviroment for the outdoor only varieties like passion#1 to produce so small trichomes ,when outdoors there normal,i mean theres proberly just as many trichomes ,they just don't develope normally no matter how much light you give em.The trichomes stem dosen't elongate and the trichomes just don't swell.

 

[jawnroot]

I do not understand what you mean by there must be a reason for this?
The reason I tried UVB under glass is because it seemed to me that the same clone grown outdoors was slightly more psychoactive, not more THC, not more resin, but somehow better. So I tried to find out if UVB was what was missing under glass.
One thing is for sure, UVB is not required to grow great Cannabis, I mean think about it, most Cannabis is grown under lights with little to no UVB, these plants have tons of resin and THC. So while I believe that outdoor grown plants can be slightly better, I do not know why. And I am not sure UVB has anything to do with it.

-SamS

I tend to agree with this. It could just be that outdoor conditions, where humidity, weather, and wind are much less stable, prompts a reaction in the plants. Could be something in the soil. After all, soil microbiology is a poorly understood science at this point.

 

[Sam_Skunkman]

(5) "Pate (1983) indicated that in areas of high ultraviolet radiation exposure, the UVB (280-320 nm) absorption properties of THC may have conferred an evolutionary advantage to Cannabis capable of greater production of this compound from biogenetic precursor CBD. The extent to which this production is also influenced by environmental UVB has also been experimentally determined by Lydon et al. (1987)."

This sounds ok until you realize that Cannabis in the USA has little to no CBD and that CBD is not the precursor of THC.


"(7) #2: The floral bract has become parthenocarpic: Parthenocarpic fruits develop without fertilization and have no seeds. Except for transmutation and turning lead into gold, there has been more nonsense written about seedless marijuana than on any other subject. In marijuana parthenocarpy, the floral bract (the fruit) enlarges in size as though there were a seed growing inside, and the capitate-stalked glandular trichome is triggered into growth on the floral bract and concomitant leaves. "Most popular supermarket tomatoes are parthenocarpic which was induced artificially by the application of dilute hormone sprays (such as auxins) to the flowers." In a trial, marijuana parthenocarpy was not induced by the application of the spray used on tomatoes. Only the photoperiod(c) will trigger parthenocarpy in flowering female marijuana plants. Marijuana parthenocarpy occurring before the autumnal equinox is considered by the author to be "long-day" and marijuana parthenocarpy occurring after the autumnal equinox to be "short-day".

SO ARE THERE SEEDS OR NOT? THIS IS NOT RIGHT

The longest photoperiod that will trigger parthenocarpy in unfertilized flowering homozygous(d) Indica female marijuana plants is 13:00 hours, give or take 15 minutes. This effect can be obtained in the month of August at N35Lat, and because the capitate-stalked glandular trichomes received plenty of UVB during this month at this latitude, the harvested resin spheres had fully realized THC. Rating: euphoria and hallucinations, major appetite boost and pain relief, deep dreamless sleep. These plants seldom grow taller than four feet but potency makes up for the reduced harvest.

NOT TRUE IN MY MIND

The gene pool is heterozygous if a flowering female marijuana plant is not parthenocarpic by the end of the first week in September in the Northern Hemisphere. If this is the case, pollination is used instead of parthenocarpy to trigger the growth of the capitate-stalked glandular trichome before the autumnal equinox to obtain as much fully realized THC as possible in the harvested resin spheres by the time the majority of the seeds are ripe.

ALL CANNABIS POPULATIONS ARE HETROZYGOUS, ALL.

The longest photoperiod that will trigger parthenocarpy in unfertilized flowering heterozygous female marijuana plants is 11:00 hours, give or take 15 minutes: This effect can be obtained in the month of November at N35Lat. Because of the low intensity of UVB radiation at this latitude at sea level during November, the harvested resin spheres evidenced only slightly more THC than precursor compounds. Rating: mild to medium euphoria, appetite boost and pain relief, good snooze.

Thai marijuana falls into this 11:00 hour category, and its parthenocarpy is characterized by an inflorescence in which many floral bracts are attached to an elongated meristem. It is these elongated meristems that are harvested to become a THAI STICK. On the other side of the world, Mexican marijuana grown around the same latitudes (Michoacan, Guerrero, Oaxaca) also falls into this short-day parthenocarpic category and the unfertilized marijuana will become "sensimilla" in the 11:00 hour photoperiod which begins in mid-December in that region. The winter sunshine in those latitudes has more UVB intensity than the winter sunshine at N35Lat.

All unfertilized flowering female marijuana plants will become parthenocarpic in a 9:00 hour photoperiod (15:00 hour dark period): This can be obtained in the month of December at N35Lat. At this latitude in this month there is not even enough UVB in sunlight for precursor vitamin D3 to develop in human skin. The phytochemical process will not produce THC whenever the UVB and UVA photons in the light stream fall below a certain level of intensity expressed in µW/cm2. Rating: no effect."

"(c)The photoperiodic response is controlled by phytochrome. "Phytochrome is a blue pigment in the leaves and seeds of plants and is found in 2 forms. One form is a blue form(Pfr), which absorbs red light, and the other is a blue-green form(Pr) that absorbs far-red light. Solar energy has 10X more red (660nm) than far-red (730nm) light causing the accumulation of Pfr." The first and last hour of a day's sunlight is mostly red light because of the scattering effect on blue light. "So at the onset of the dark period much of the phytochrome is in the Pfr form. However, Pfr is unstable and returns to phytochrome Pr in the dark." The red light in sunrise returns the Pr to the Pfr form. "Phytochrome Pfr is the active form and controls flowering and germination. It inhibits flowering of short-day plants (the long night period is required for the conversion of Pfr to Pr) and promotes flowering of long day plants."

(d)In Nepal and nearby areas of India where the capitate-stalked glandular trichome is triggered into growth by parthenocarpy rather than by fertilized ovum, great care is taken to make sure that all male marijuana plants are destroyed as soon as they reveal their sex. This is because unfertilized Indica flowering females can have both stigma and anther protruding from the floral bract. In the Indica gene pool, female-produced pollen carries an allele for long-day parthenocarpy, and seeds resulting from this female-produced pollen will produce another generation of female plants that will also exhibit long-day parthenocarpy during flowering. But if pollen from male plants is introduced into this gene pool, the resulting seeds will produce a generation of females that will exhibit short-day parthenocarpy instead. The allele for long-day parthenocarpy in the female-produced pollen is carried into the gene pool by self-pollination and cross-pollination, and perhaps homozygous is used too loosely here to describe the genetic result."


THIS IS A BUNCH OF HOOEY.

-SamS

 

[Guest]

THIS IS A BUNCH OF HOOEY.

-SamS

Thankyou Sam, that just confirmed my suspicion, it sounded 'not right' to me but being less than an expert in the field, I wasn't sure what to really think.

OT1 posted the article at reeferman's forum and says it is the most important work in the understanding of cannabis potency, not the first time OT1 has held views that oppose the thinking of others, not knocking the guy as I don't know him, but it;s not the first instance.

Here's OT1's post where he describes how he uses UV and far red indoors:

Posted by OT1 @ http://www.reefermanseeds.com/forums/showthread.php?t=234

Growing weed that is truly hallucigenic does not have much to do with the strain. They can all do it - any decent strain that is in the class of Cannabis. Be it indica or sativa. Though with Sativas you are more likely to succeed as they have resin balls on the end of their tricloms that are of a smaller diameter than the resin balls of an indica.Sativas are 25micron in diameter - Indicas 75micron in diameter, when fully developed, respectivley.


For a better understanding of what I am refering to, please go and read this - it is the most pioneering work of our times on this subject - and is correct down to a Tee. Read it thoroughly and understand everything it is depicting, as it will elevate your complete understanding on how REAL hallucigenic cannabis is grown. It is not the genes - it is the means by which it is done. Irrespective as to what all other works/text and seedbank-advertising has said or outlined about it till NOW.

Enjoy:

http://marijuana-optics.greatnow.com/

There are proper Fluorescent UVB(and UVA) tubes available and they're much more expensive than the UVA and the standard ones(4times or more the cost). Never run them on Energy-saver or Econo running gear as that produces less lumen output with any fluro. But be very careful when using the UVB tubes. If not for the slightly glowing tube when they are on, you could hardly tell they were on in the room - they transmit entirely in the invisible wavebands, whereas UVA tubes, MH and HPS transmit low amounts of only in the UVA waveband, which is slightly visible(voilet) and nowhere near as penetrating/powerful as UVB. But expose any skin to them(UVB 40W tubes) from less than 6feet away, and it burns in minutes. Like proper sunburn and worse if closer - can easily promote skinCancer(as does the sun). Can give you cateract in no time at all, even with sunglasses, from even 10feet away and more. IF you intend on using them, make sure that you never walk into the growroom when they are on. Have a swtch for them outside the room, or just inside the door. If just inside the door, turn them on and off immediatly you close or open the door. One 40Wer can cover an area 5foot down, 5foot by 5foot across. So with every 600 or 1000Watter, you have 1 40W UVB Fluro with it, AND '120W Clear Incandescent bulb as well for 1 hour either side of lights on and off - simulating the red ambient light of the outdoors ever dusk and dawn of every day anywhere in the world'. This Incandescent wavelength is as critical as any other. The lightband is required as it aids in the 'benefical' toxification and detoxification the plant needs to complete the activation process fully. Couple all that up and timed correctly indoors with either MH or HPS, and pollenate the mum/s, and you'll be well on your way to producing the most potent buds you can indoors. More potent than any indoors buds grown without all these factors - no matter how sticky and smelly they are. They won't be as potent as the ones you grow using this ENTIRE method.

This one will do but be careful not to place them too close to the plant as they will burn it too. Be very careful when using them not to damage yourself also. Go to the 3rd item down on this page - LS18/CB - 240 Volt UV Lamp:


http://www.prospectors.com.au/defaul...ine.asp&id=176

You can email or ring companies like Raytech and or Heraus for full specs of all there products. They make their lamps for the manufacturing, scientific and medical industries. Heraeus - http://www.noblelight.net/tr-uvindex.html - also have a range of hand-made MH that are very strong in emitting the UV bandwidths. Being specialised lamps, they are not cheap. Using the sun itself is cheaper and far safer. There are cheaper fluros on the market that will do the job - you just have to find them, but they are not as high in there output of the desired wavelengths(300-315nm) as are these specialised ones for professional work. The wattages required for the right type of UVB are far less than we are normally use to with fluros. 10W of proper UVB light is extremly powerful in its illumince output, penetration and damaging effects. Keeping in mind when looking for them to ask for the ones that have a very hi output in the 300-315 nano meter range - that is the most effective UVB range. The reptile tubes are very low output in this range, they have a higher output above the 320nm range and into the UVA range. They are not good for growing, that is why you can keep your hand warm with them and not cause it any damage/burn. Remember that the lamps we need here will damamge flesh and eyes if exposed to them, even for a short period of time. I do not recommend using them. They can be used, but it is hard to get them setup right and to maintain using them without hurting yourself. But keeping in mind that as with everything we need - if we can't have it all, some is better than none. To supplement your existing HID setup with any UVB emitting lamp is better than not having one at all. But it must have a reasonable amount of output in the 300-315nm wavelengths. They are the wavelengths that are most effective and they operate at the prefered Kelvin temperature range that the plant needs to see/feel, that aids in the full activation.

The BLACK tubes are a UVA tube fundamentally. They will not have much effect on the plants. Your may have stretched as a result of not enough light ot too much heat or a combo of both. Black lights, reptile lights, aquarium UV lights are all UVA rich, not UVB. They have a very small amount of UVB, and it is that minute amount(well under 3% - some under 0.9% of the total UV spectrum they emit, not the total spectrum they emit) that makes them warm things. Even 1W of the right UVB spectrum at a distance of 1foot from the source will burn you in no time.

So IMO, again - if you want to do it right and saftely, do it outside. I answered the question of the what the right UVB lamp is, not because I would advise others to do it(as I wouldn't do it myself), but as a guide to show that it could be done if one was crazy enough to do it. Also not forgetting the aging effect the lamp would have on anything and everything that it shined on in the growroom. Newly painted surfaces would look over 20years old in 1 year of exposure from a good distance away. In fact scientists use this method for determining the aging and destructive effect that sunlight exposure has on any surface. They can very very accuratly determine how a given paint(for instance) would look after 10 years of being applied on wood, then exposed to the sun every day, within a 'half to one hour' period of exposure to the predetermined amount of UVB in a laboratory. I have it on good authority that a test like that would take no longer than an hour to run - not days, weeks, months or years. Testing time could even be reduced by increase the amount/rate of UVB on it, to as little as under 15minutes of exposure, to simulate 10years in the sun every day. But that would increase the error factor of the testing to over 2%. Which may seem ok to us, but it is not in the scientific industries with this type of testing and determination that is done in any decent Standards Certified photometric laboratory.

These are supplimental urls to the original one I gave in my first post.

http://seedless-marijuana.greatnow.com/N35Lat.html
http://seedless-marijuana.greatnow.com/litesetup.html
http://seedless-marijuana.greatnow.com/litepic.html


OT


3 - "Are you saying to run only the red incandescent during the first and last hours of lights-on?"

YES, as the sole source of light for the 1st and last hour of the entire life of an indoor grow - both veg and flower.

"And the UVB flouro(s) during the entire light-cycle?".

The UVB fluros are a supplemental source to the HIDs and are run in conjunction with the HIDs only during the period that is within the 'first and last hours of lights-on', after and before the incandescent lights are run. Rememeber also, that the transition between the incandescent lights and the HIDs+UVfluros is a MAKE-BEFORE-BREAK scenario that assures the plants are not left in darkness.

 

[impeachme2]

Anyone know where to buy, or the name of lamps that emit a high amount of UVB?