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I use one of those cheap pH probes you can find at Lowes. I've had it for years and its still accurate. Whenever i doubt the reading, i stick the probe in some nute solution i mix up and pH using my meter. Then stick the probe in solution and it has always matched up. Thats how i do it. I'm sure there's a more precise and complicated way though!
I do slurry test. Equal parts distilled water and soil. Shake vigorously and let sit for about an hour, shaking throughout. I then let it sit and settle, so I can get a less dirty sample of water from the top. Pour into a shot glass and test with ph strips.
Even if not perfect this gives an idea of where your sitting.
I make a slurry, shake it up and then use the old fashioned drop method after it settles. I have done the runoff if it is fairly clean using the cheap pH tester. I really pH the water going in and don't pay attention much to the runoff unless the plants show a problem. At first I didn't pH the water I used (the water sucks) and I pH locked the plants.