Mysterious condition dubbed 'scromiting' hits weed smokers across the US !

[Gypsy Nirvana]

Mysterious condition dubbed 'scromiting' hits weed smokers across the US and causes them to vomit AND scream
'Scromiting' is becoming an all-too-familiar site at emergency rooms hospitals

The condition, called Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS), is not yet properly understood

Medical experts believe the symptoms appear from individuals using or consuming heavy amounts of marijuana over a long period of time
Doctors note that the condition could stem from the body being over saturated by cannabinoids, affecting the hypothalamus

Chronic cannabis users are at risk of experiencing a horrifying new condition that is being reported at hospitals across the United States where marijuana is legal.

'Scromiting,' doctors say, is becoming an all-too-familiar site at emergency rooms, with patients 'screaming and vomiting' as they turn up for help.

The condition, called Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS), is not properly understood but medical experts believe the symptoms appear from individuals using or consuming heavy amounts of marijuana over a long period of time.

'Scromiting' is becoming an all-too-familiar site at emergency rooms hospitals across the country

'I've screamed out for death,' Chalfonte LeNee Queen, 48, told NPR after experiencing the terrifying illness.

'I've cried out for my mom, who's been dead for 20 years, mentally not realizing she can't come to me.'

Little research has been conducted on the topic, but one study found that for scromiting to occur, cannabis users would have to consume marijuana three to five times per day to develop CHS.

Doctors note that the condition could stem from the body being over saturated by cannabinoids, affecting the hypothalamus.


'In one study the average duration of cannabis use prior to onset of recurrent vomiting was... 3.4 years,' the National Center for Biotechnology Information report added.

‘The syndrome was first described in 2004 by Allen and colleagues and is characterized by chronic cannabis use, cyclic episodes of nausea and vomiting, and the learned behavior of hot bathing,’ doctors wrote.

Medical experts note that the condition could stem from the body being over saturated by cannabinoids - chemical compounds that acts on cannabinoid receptors located in the brain.

The build up of the cannabinoids, doctors believe, affect the function of the hypothalamus, which regulates digestion and body temperature.

According to the NCBI: ‘Often mistakenly called Cyclical Vomiting Syndrome, Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome is a rare form of cannabinoid toxicity that develops in chronic smokers.'

‘It’s characterized by cyclic episodes of debilitating nausea and vomiting. People who suffer from the syndrome often find that hot showers relieve their symptoms, and will compulsively bathe during episodes of nausea and vomiting. Symptoms stop after cessation of cannabis use.’

Medical experts believe the symptoms appear from individuals using or consuming heavy amounts of marijuana over a long period of time.

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5150081/Heavy-marijuana-users-showing-ER-scromiting.html

*Is this just more negativity from 'The Daily Fail' towards cannabis, or is 'SCROMITING' a major concern?...I have seen cannabis users do a 'WHITEY' when consuming strong 'erb, but have never heard of this before.

 

[CosmicCharlie]

I’ve never had it or seen anyone with it, but I’d imagine it’s possible. Over-consumption of anything can be detrimental.

People are wondering if it’s from the cannabinoids themselves or other contaminants.

https://www.icmag.com/ic/showthread.php?t=339380

 

[Gypsy Nirvana]

I'd say more than likely that this puking condition comes from pesticides/contaminants on the buds.....and/or just over dosage, particularly from edibles as we recently saw in the ITV series 'Gone To Pot'.

 

[CosmicCharlie]

I’d be inclined to agree but don’t know for sure.

Perhaps the pesticides build up leading to toxicity.

Or maybe someone’s tolerance gets so high and their system so saturated with cannabinoids that when they overdo it the symptoms can last for quite a while because cannabinoids can stay in your system for weeks.

Could also be a combination of both, but I believe those are the two main possibilities.

 

[hazyfontazy]

sound like spice not weed ,plaguing the uk .horrible stuff

 

[paradoxlost]

So ive smoked a gram of weed a day for about 3.4 years or so. no vomitting yet. Ill scream from time to time when i'm yawning

 

[yortbogey]

Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome
Shusen Sun, PharmD, BCPS,* and Anthony E. Zimmermann, PharmD†
Author information ► Copyright and License information ►

This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.

Go to:
Abstract
Background:
The purpose of this review is to describe cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS), which is thought to be induced by long-term cannabis use, and provide clinical pharmacists with information to manage the hyperemetic phase of CHS.
Method:
Published literature was searched and reviewed using PubMed.
Results:
CHS is characterized by intractable nausea and vomiting without an obvious organic cause and associated learned compulsive hot water bathing behavior. Patients often seek care in the emergency department (ED) for symptomatic relief.
Conclusion:
CHS is potentially underrecognized and underdiagnosed in the ED, and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis in long-term cannabis use patients with CHS symptoms to avoid unnecessary extensive diagnostic workup including invasive radiologic imaging. Pharmacists have an important role in CHS recognition, education, and symptom management.
Keywords: cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, chronic cannabis use, clinical pharmacists, compulsive hot water bathing, intractable nausea and vomiting
Cannabis is the most commonly used extra-medical drug in the United States, and its use is particularly prevalent among people under the age of 50 years.1 Cannabis has various therapeutic properties including anti-emesis, appetite stimulation, and pain control. These properties have led to cannabis use in patients with cachexia associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, painful peripheral neuropathy, and muscle spasticity due to multiple sclerosis.2 The number of states legalizing the use of medicinal cannabis is on the rise. Eighteen states and the District of Columbia have legalized the medical use of cannabis as of December 2012, although cannabis is still classified as a Schedule I drug.3
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a cluster of symptoms characterized by cyclic nausea and vomiting with abdominal pain without an obvious organic cause and compulsive hot water bathing behavior induced by long-term cannabis use (more than 1 year). Patients usually use cannabis on a daily or weekly basis. The risk of developing CHS in long-term cannabis users depends on multiple known and unknown factors including, but not limited to, how much cannabis is used on a daily or weekly basis, the method of use, and confounding medical, psychiatric, ethnic, and socioeconomic conditions. Prior to the diagnosis of CHS, patients often suffer for years with potentially debilitating symptoms on a cyclic basis. These patients typically present multiple times to health care facilities with similar symptoms and receive multiple diagnostic tests and invasive procedures without a clear diagnosis or treatment plan.
The paradoxical adverse emetic effect associated with long-term cannabis use is under-recognized by health care professionals and the general public. CHS was first described in 2004 by Allen et al4 who reported a case series of 9 patients who were chronic daily heavy users of cannabis suffering from cyclic vomiting. Subsequent cases have been published worldwide in the medical literature.5-13 Increased availability of cannabis and its long-term use by patients as well as increased awareness of CHS among medical profession could result in the increased number CHS cases.14 It is important for health care providers and pharmacists to conduct focused history taking and consider CHS in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with intractable cyclic nausea and vomiting plus abdominal pain as this may reduce the need for costly and invasive testing. The purpose of this brief review is to present a practical overview of CHS and to provide appropriate information to clinical pharmacists to effectively manage the hyperemetic phase of CHS in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED).
Go to:
Methods
Literature published between January 2004 and September 2012 was searched in PubMed using the terms “cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome” and “cannabis hyperemesis syndrome”. All relevant publications in English were included in this review.
Etiology of CHS
Cannabis contains at least 66 cannabinoids, with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) being the main active ingredient. THC binds to cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) receptors in human tissues. The CB1 receptor is highly localized to neuronal tissue and the CB2 receptor is generally found outside the CNS, in immune tissues such as the spleen, thymus, and various populations of immune cells.15 The exact mechanism of the anti-emetic action of THC is not known, but it probably relates to stimulation of the CB1 subtype of cannabinoid receptors on neurons in and around the vomiting center in the brainstem.16
The etiology of CHS is not well understood, and multiple theories have been proposed in the literature (see box, Proposed Etiologies of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome). Patients exhibiting this syndrome may have a genetic variation in their hepatic drug-transforming enzymes that results in excessive levels of cannabis metabolites that promote emesis.8 Alternatively, the main active ingredient of cannabis (THC) is highly lipophilic; long-term use likely causes THC to accumulate in cerebral fat, which may lead to toxicity and emesis in sensitive patients.11 Nausea and vomiting are influenced by the balance between enteric and central nervous system effects. Cannabis binds to cannabinoid receptors in the brain and the enteric nervous system. Other theories propose that in long-term cannabis users, the peripheral CB1 receptors of the enteric nerves that are implicated in slowing gastrointestinal transit may cause cannabinoid receptors in the gut to override the antiemetic effect of cannabinoid receptor stimulation in the brain leading to paradoxical hyperemesis.8,10 The central effects of long-term cannabis use on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis might play a major role in the development of CHS.12 Cannabis toxicity may disrupt the balanced equilibrium of satiety, thirst, digestion, and thermoregulatory systems of the hypothalamus. Brain response to core body temperature changes from the hypothermic effects of THC or activation of CB1 receptors in the hypothalamus that regulates body temperature might explain the compulsive hot water bathing to relieve cyclic nausea and vomiting.7,12
Proposed Etiologies of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome
• A genetic variation in cannabinoid metabolism leads to toxic accumulation.8
• The main active ingredient of cannabis, THC, is highly lipophilic, and long-term use causes THC to accumulate in cerebral fat, which may lead to toxicity and emesis in sensitive patients.11
• Nausea and vomiting are influenced by the balance between enteric and central nervous system effects. The enteric pro-emetic effects of cannabis may override its central nervous system–mediated antiemetic effects to promote emesis.8,10
• The central effects of long-term cannabis use on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis might play a major role in the development of CHS.12
• The impairment of the physiologic thermoregulation provoked by cannabis use might account for the relief of symptoms with compulsive hot bathing.7,12
Note: CHS = cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome; THC = delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol.
Clinical Presentation of CHS
CHS is an emerging clinical diagnosis that is often overlooked in the ED; the adverse effects of long-term cannabis use are not always recognized. The syndrome, characterized by a triad of long-term cannabis use, cyclic vomiting, and compulsive hot bathing, is divided into 3 phases: prodrome, hyperemetic, and recovery.

Prodromal phase
The prodromal phase4,17 can last for months or years, with patients developing early morning nausea, a fear of vomiting, and abdominal discomfort. Symptoms are most common in early middle-aged adults who have consistently been using cannabis since adolescence. Compulsive bathing is minimal or absent. Unlike anorexia nervosa or bulimia, these patients maintain normal eating patterns in this stage. They may increase their use of cannabis due to their belief in its beneficial effects in nausea relief.

Hyperemetic phase
The hyperemetic phase4,8,17 is characterized by intensely persistent nausea, vomiting, and retching, which are often described as overwhelming and incapacitating. Patients generally have decreased oral intake and may develop conditioned food aversion for fear of triggering these symptoms. They are extremely anxious about trying to increase or advance their oral intake given the painful episodes that food triggered in the past. The vomitus typically consists of whitish watery secretions, because patients cannot tolerate solid food. Patients frequently have abdominal pain and may experience weight loss and dehydration. During this hyperemetic phase, patients may take multiple hot water showers throughout the day or a single shower lasting for several hours in an attempt to quell the hyperemesis. This hot water bathing appears to be a learned behavior that is often not seen with the first few episodes of illness but, once established, rapidly becomes a compulsion. Symptomatic relief has been described as being temperature-dependent. The learned compulsive bathing behavior is a notable characteristics of CHS and should raise a “flag” to health care providers. This behavior is thought to relieve nausea and vomiting through the brain response to core body temperature changes resulting from the dose-dependent hypothermic effects of THC, the psychoactive component of cannabinoid, or activation of CB1 receptors in the hypothalamus, which regulates body temperature.7 Patients present to the ED numerous times throughout this phase, which can lead to unnecessary health care costs. In the ED, patients will typically undergo an extensive diagnostic work-up, including invasive imaging studies, but the results of these investigations are generally unremarkable. Reported tests included complete blood cell count, glucose level, liver biochemistries, pancreatic enzyme level, abdominal x-ray, abdominal computerized tomography (CT), abdominal ultrasound, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), colonoscopy, head CT, gastric emptying studies, upper GI with barium with or without small bowel follow through, capsule endoscopy, hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan (HIDA), and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).14

Recovery phase
The recovery phase17 begins with cannabis cessation and can last days, weeks, or months, and it is associated with relative wellness and normal eating patterns. Patients regain weight and return to a regular bathing frequency. Return to cannabis use at any time will lead to a recurrence of CHS.
Clinical Diagnosis of CHS
A set of clinical diagnostic criteria for CHS was proposed by Sontineni et al6 in 2009 based on case reports and was further modified by Simonetto et al12 in 2012 after a review of a case series of 98 patients, the largest to date, diagnosed with CHS. The CHS diagnostic criteria consist of those essential for diagnosis (long-term cannabis use), major features, and supportive features of CHS (see box, Proposed Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome). These diagnostic criteria can aid clinical pharmacists in the evaluation of patients presenting with cyclic vomiting with no obvious organic cause and a history of repeated ED visits for the same condition.
Proposed Clinical Diagnostic Criteria forCannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome12
Essential for diagnosis
Long-term cannabis use: more than 1 year
Major features
Severe cyclic nausea and vomiting
Resolution with cannabis cessation
Relief of symptoms with hot showers or baths
Epigastric or periumbilical abdominal pain
Weekly use
Supportive features
Age younger than 50 years
Weight loss over 5 kg
Morning predominance of symptoms
Normal bowel habits
Negative laboratory, radiographic, and endoscopic test results
A diagnostic flow chart can be used by clinical pharmacists and clinicians for patients with suspected CHS to help reduce unnecessary costs and over-utilization of health care resources. Diagnosis begins with a thorough physical examination and history for all patients presenting with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. This will help to rule out life-threatening causes or diagnoses that confer significant potential morbidity to the patient or to establish the presumptive diagnosis of CHS. Medical conditions that may cause the presenting symptoms include, but are not limited to, acute hepatitis, adrenal insufficiency, bowel perforation, bowel obstruction, cholangitis, cholecystitis, diverticulitis, ectopic pregnancy, gastroparesis, myocardial infarction, nephrolithiasis, pancreatitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and ruptured or dissecting aortic aneurysm.14 Prompt and appropriate diagnostic testing and treatment should be pursued for patients with these conditions. History taking should include an inquiry about the patient’s past and present medical illness, medication use, illicit drug use, and therapeutic or recreational use of cannabis. Denial of cannabis use by the patient is typically the biggest stumbling block for clinicians in making a proper diagnosis of CHS. A urine drug screen should be ordered if the patient presents with the typical symptoms of CHS, there is no noted other organic cause, and the patient denies cannabis use.
A focused patient history should be prompted if the patient admits to the use of cannabis and/or the urine drug screen indicates such use. Details as to when cannabis use first began, how often and how much it is used, and when symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain were first experienced should be elicited. A diagnosis of CHS is likely if symptoms began after long-term cannabis use. Furthermore, if symptoms improved during cannabis cessation and reoccurred after resuming cannabis use, the diagnosis is further supported.14 The patient should be asked whether he or she is taking compulsive hot water showers in an attempt to relieve symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. It is important to clarify the frequency and length of the hot water bathing; patients with CHS often take hot water baths or showers multiple times a day or a single hot shower lasting for several hours. The presence of compulsive hot water bathing is an important major diagnostic feature of CHS, because no other known vomiting syndrome shares this phenomenon.12 It is advised that clinicians avoid unnecessary laboratory testing and imaging unless otherwise clinically indicated.14
Management of CHS Patients
No standard evidence-based regimen currently exists for the management of CHS patients. Most of the information in the literature is based on case reports, and treatment is targeted to the hyperemetic phase.4,7,9,18,19 The therapeutic goal during the hyperemetic phase is to prevent dehydration and terminate the nausea and vomiting. Patients should be evaluated for signs and symptoms of volume depletion once a presumptive diagnosis of CHS has been made. If volume depletion is present and oral liquids cannot be tolerated, intravenous (IV) hydration is indicated. Conservative IV fluid replacement consisting of a 1 to 2 L bolus followed by a 150 to 200 mL/h infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride for 24 to 48 hours will generally lead to some improvement in the patient’s condition.4,18 Analgesics such as morphine have been used to relieve abdominal pain if present.18 The use of medications including vitamin B6, ondansetron, promethazine, metoclopramide, dexamethasone, famotidine, and droperidol, alone or in combination, has been reported in the literature of CHS patients but has failed to effectively relieve the symptoms of nausea and vomiting.7,9,18
Lorazepam’s antiemetic, amnestic, and anxiolytic properties have made it useful for the treatment of anticipatory nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy20 and in patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome.21 The effectiveness of lorazepam in the relief of nausea and vomiting symptoms in CHS patients has been reported in 2 recent case reports.18,19 Initial treatment with IV ondansetron and morphine was unable to keep a 28-year-old CHS patient from having breakthrough episodes of nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain. After administration of IV lorazepam (1 mg), the patient exhibited an improvement in symptoms within 10 minutes and reported cessation of nausea, abdominal pain, and food aversion.19 The patient was transitioned to a regular diet with oral lorazepam (1 mg) and was able to discontinue all other analgesic and antiemetic medications over the next 12 hours. The addition of lorazepam to the patient’s regimen allowed for rapid transition from a clear liquid to a regular diet and the ability to tolerate oral medications. The patient was discharged with a 7-day prescription of 1 mg oral lorazepam twice daily. The time from cannabis cessation to complete resolution of symptoms was approximately 3 weeks in this case. The patient was contacted at 3 and 6 months after discharge and reported sustained abstinence from cannabis; the symptoms had not returned. The effectiveness of lorazepam in the control of nausea and vomiting was also demonstrated in another patient case report where lorazepam (1 mg IV every 4 hours as needed) was added to promethazine (12.5 mg IV as needed) after minimal relief from ondansetron (4 mg IV as needed), droperidol (5 mg IV), and promethazine (12.5 mg IV as needed) treatments.18
Based on published case reports of CHS, lorazepam could be considered as an agent of choice in the management of the acute hyperemetic phase of CHS to relieve symptoms of nausea and vomiting (Table 1). The role of lorazepam and its optimal dosing requires further clinical evaluation. Clinical pharmacists can play an important role in the management of CHS patients through therapy recommendation. Caution should be made against the overprescription of lorazepam, as it can cause physical and/or psychological dependence especially in CHS patients who are vulnerable to substance abuse.

Table 1.
Summary of therapeutic options in the management of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome
Abstinence from cannabis use is the ultimate treatment for CHS. Cessation of cannabinoid use will lead to complete resolution of symptoms. The time to improvement varies from 1 to 3 months in the current literature.12 Patients may be reluctant to accept that cannabis has played a role in their symptoms, and they should be educated about the nature of the disorder. This is an area where clinical pharmacists can play an important role.
Go to:
Discussion
CHS is a recently described condition of cyclic vomiting related to long-term cannabis use. It is potentially underrecognized and underdiagnosed given the prevalence of recreational and therapeutic cannabis use worldwide. Clinical pharmacists may encounter CHS patients in the ED and during the patients’ brief hospital stay. These encounters provide an excellent opportunity for clinical pharmacists to educate other health care providers about the paradoxical hyperemesis syndrome caused by long-term cannabis use. CHS should be considered in patients with long-term cannabis use who present with cyclic nausea and vomiting accompanied by abdominal pain and compulsive hot bathing behavior. Inclusion of this diagnosis in these patients may reduce the need for expensive and unrevealing workup tests and procedures when there are no other life-threatening signs or symptoms. Recently proposed clinical diagnostic criteria can be helpful in making the diagnosis of CHS. Clinical pharmacists can help to manage patients and provide pharmacotherapy consultation to ensure proper dosing of lorazepam once the diagnosis of CHS is made. Treatment goals during the hyperemetic phase include prevention of dehydration, vomiting cessation, and provision of symptomatic relief for associated abdominal pain. Clinical pharmacists can also educate CHS patients about the relationship between CHS symptoms and long-term cannabis use. Patients should be informed about the importance of complete cessation of cannabis use as the ultimate treatment of CHS. Clinical pharmacists can help to provide continuity of patient care by recommending and/or encouraging CHS patients to seek help from social workers and mental health providers.
Future studies are needed to better understand the etiology, prevalence, and risk factors for developing CHS (eg, understanding medical, psychiatric, ethnic, or socioeconomic conditions as well as amount and potency of cannabis). Randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to identify the optimal pharmacotherapy for managing CHS.
Go to:
Conclusion
Although the mechanism of cannabis that leads to intractable nausea and vomiting is still unclear, CHS is well documented in the medical literature. With the widespread use of cannabis, both recreationally and therapeutically, the paradoxical effect of CHS deserves further attention. Clinical pharmacists should have heightened awareness when patients present to the hospital with intractable nausea and vomiting and report relief with hot showering. In addition to organic disease, long-term cannabis use should be considered as a possible cause. This consideration may prevent further unnecessary workup and health care costs for patients with CHS.
Go to:
REFERENCES
1. Degenhardt L, Chiu WT, Sampson N, et al. Epidemiology patterns of extra-medical drug use in the United States: Evidence from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, 2001-2003. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007;90:210–223 [PMC free article] [PubMed]
2. Grant J, Atkinson JH, Gouaux B, et al. Medicinal marijuana: Clearing away the smoke. Open Neurol J. 2012;6:18–25 [PMC free article] [PubMed]
3. 18 Legal Medical Marijuana States and DC. ProCon.org Web site. Updated December 7, 2012. https://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/. Accessed December 10, 2012.
4. Allen JH, de Moore GM, Heddle R, et al. Cannabinoid hyperemesis: Cyclical hyperemesis in association with chronic cannabis abuse. Gut. 2004;53:1566–1570 [PMC free article] [PubMed]
5. Wallace D, Martin AL, Park B. Cannabinoid hyperemesis: Marijuana puts patients in hot water. Aust Psychiatry. 2007;15:156–158 [PubMed]
6. Sontineni SP, Chaudhary S, Sontineni V, et al. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: Clinical diagnosis of an under-recognised manifestation of chronic cannabis abuse. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15:1264–1266 [PMC free article] [PubMed]
7. Chang YH, Windish DM. Cannabinoid hyperemesis relieved by compulsive bathing. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009;84:76–78 [PMC free article] [PubMed]
8. Soriano-Co M, Batke M, Cappell MS. The cannabis hyperemesis syndrome characterized by persistent nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, and compulsive bathing associated with chronic marijuana use: A report of eight cases in the United States. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55:3113–3119 [PubMed]
9. Schmid SM, Lapaire O, Huang DJ, et al. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: An underreported entity causing nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2011;284:1095–1097 [PubMed]
10. Donnino MW, Cocchi MN, Miller J, et al. Cannabinoid hyperemesis: A case series. J Emerg Med. 2011;40:e63–e66 [PubMed]
11. Nicolson SE, Denysenko L, Mulcare JL, et al. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: A case series and review of previous reports. Psychosomatics. 2012;53:212–219 [PubMed]
12. Simonetto DA, Oxentenko AS, Herman ML, et al. Cannabinoid hyperemesis: A case series of 98 patients. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012;87:114–119 [PMC free article] [PubMed]
13. Bagdure S, Smalligan RD, Sharifi H, et al. Waning effect of compulsive bathing in cannabinoid hyperemesis. Am J Addiction. 2012;21:184–185 [PubMed]
14. Wallace EA, Andrews SE, Garmany CL, et al. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: Literature review and proposed diagnosis and treatment algorithm. South Med J. 2011;104:659–664 [PubMed]
15. Duncan M, Davison JS, Sharkey KA. Review article: Endocannabinoids and their receptors in the enteric nervous system. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;22:667–683 [PubMed]
16. Van Sickle MD, Oland LD, Ho W, et al. Cannabinoids inhibit emesis through CB1 receptors in the brainstem of the ferret. Gastroenterology. 2001;121:767–774 [PubMed]
17. Galli JA, Sawaya RA, Friedenberg FK. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 2011;4:241–249 [PMC free article] [PubMed]
18. Price SL, Fisher C, Kumar R, et al. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome as the underlying cause of intractable nausea and vomiting. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2011;111(3):166–169 [PubMed]
19. Cox B, Chhabra A, Adler M. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: Case report of a paradoxical reaction with heavy marijuana use. Case Report Med. 2012;2012:757696 [PMC free article] [PubMed]
20. Laszlo J, Clark RA, Hanson DC. Lorazepam in cancer patients treated with cisplatin: A drug having antiemetic, amnesic, and anxiolytic effects. J Clin Oncol. 1985;3(6):864–869 [PubMed]
21. Pareek N, Fleisher DR, Abell T. Cyclic vomiting syndrome: What a gastroenterologist needs to know. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(12):2832–2840 [PubMed]



https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3847982/

 

[yortbogey]

new evidence out of Colorado suggest this {Azadirachtin}
may be involved ....https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadirachtin

https://www.icmag.com/ic/showthread.php?t=339380

 

[Rondon]

I'd say more than likely that this puking condition comes from pesticides/contaminants on the buds.....and/or just over dosage, particularly from edibles as we recently saw in the ITV series 'Gone To Pot'.

This^^^ It's bow shit. Done read it on Google. She first off needs to cut down. Second...needs to be more selective on her flower purchase. There is a psychedelic trippy reaction to the best of the best sativa. All pukey and up chuck vomity. But I doubt it was that.

 

[Gypsy Nirvana]

This^^^ It's bow shit. Done read it on Google. She first off needs to cut down. Second...needs to be more selective on her flower purchase. There is a psychedelic trippy reaction to the best of the best sativa. All pukey and up chuck vomity. But I doubt it was that.

What exactly is 'bow shit' Rondon?

 

[purplepassion]

Sounds like propaganda, or maybe a psa from warehouse growers using avid and eagle.

 

[Bush Dr]

FFS .. I come here to get away from that bollox

 

[~star~crash~]

i don't belive it .. i been using marijuana for over 40 years

 

[Gypsy Nirvana]

FFS .. I come here to get away from that bollox

Well...I think that it is important to report it here, even if it is a load of tosh/bollocks mate.

Then at least we can disseminate the current tactics of the prohibitionists.

 

[WishDoctor]

def od'ing on edibles, seen it over a dozen times since legal cannabis started.
and it's not screaming thats over exaggeration for sure, but the sound of the barfing can be said to sound like it.

stupid n00bs eating to much pot food
pesticides honestly imo not a chance Gyp. edible od for sure.

 

[DocTim420]

IMO...it is evidence that: sum of the parts is greater than the whole.

Let me explain, most of us know that cannabis is an accumulator and is used in remediation of soil containing heavy metals (remember Chernobyl?). As the plant accumulates, one has to ask--"where does this stuff go?"...hmmm, pockets within the plant tissues is one answer.

And as these pockets of "accumulation" are mixed with other goodies, say Neem (aka azadirachta) what happens? We don't know. Now throw in all the "cides" that are "systemic" (active ingredient stays within the plant) and the cides with "translocation" properties (movement of active ingredient from leaves to other plant parts)...what happens?

I submit that maybe, maybe...when we expect to see "1 + 2 = 3", the actual formula is more like: 1 + 2 + v = 4 (the missing variable that includes accumulation, systemic, and translocation activities).

Some people can eat peanuts, others eat one peanut and they almost die...some people can drink all the milk they want, others are lactose intolerant...some people can eat shellfish, others eat one shrimp and their face balloons up. So just because it does not happen to "me", it does not mean it won't happen to "you".

 

[Gypsy Nirvana]

That actually makes a lot of sense Doc.

 

[gaiusmarius]

i bet this is to do with all the concentrates being used, we know that making oil is often a choice for less then perfect crops, we know concentrating the active ingredient is also concentrating any heavy metals, pesticides, fungicides that were used in the growing of said flowers. so just maybe this concentration of contaminates is causing this problem.

overdosing on edibles or smoke, leads to vomiting, maybe hours and hours of sitting next to the bog, but i never saw anyone screaming as a result. mostly they have a white face with sweat running down it while they tell you i'm ok between bouts of more vomit, till it finaly stops and then they go lie down to wake up fine.

 

[bigganjabud]

I'd like to imagine it's to throw a

"REEFER MADNESS"

Blanket over the whole mj industry

The powers that be can't be happy that all the reports of tumors shrinking and the rest of the medicinal benefits that are being reported daily across the globe

One would like to imagine that it's just big pharma fluffing the financial pillows

But then again it might be time for a tolerance break

 

[Betterhaff]

I wonder what the incidence rate is with this, I’ve seen a few reports about it here and there. It may be real and of course the anti’s will try to make more of it than may be. As DocTim mentions, there are issues with certain things with certain people.

Not sure if it’s something to get overly alarmed about though, more info/research is needed. I remember one report of a girl complaining of the symptoms, went to the hospital numerous times. They told her it may be the pot use causing it but she continued to use anyway.

One thing that kills me is the advertising done with prescription drugs and all the disclaimers. A relatively new one is “don’t take X if you are allergic to X”. Now how the hell are you going to know if you are allergic to a branded prescription drug?