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One cubic foot of water is 7.5 gallons, and a cubic foot equals 1728 cubic inches so 230.4 cubic inches equal one Gallon
To find out the cubic feet or inches also knows as volume of a square or rectangular pot. Base multiplied by the height multiplied by the width will give you the cubic inches or feet depending what you used to measure the sides in the first place.
Heres a visual
To find out the cubic feet or inches also knows as volume of a cylinder or round pot. Multiply the radius squared by the height. The actual formula is
Here is a visual
Hopefully knowing the above information can help you determine the volume of pots you need at the store just by doing a little math in your head. Let us say you need a pot that holds 2 gallon; simply multiply in your head a few numbers. R=4'' H=10'' , 16'' x 10'' = 80'' x 3(pi)= 502.45'' so a round pot sized 8 inch diameter and 10 inch height will hold a little over 2 gallons of water.