what wattage? a 400 hps has 1/2 the life of a thousand hps... I change my bud room bulbs (the 12 on-12 off) every 4 months... the 2- 400 watt MH bulbs in my veg area get changed aprox every 3 months.
I have a pretty good light meter I found at a sally-anne thrift store for a dollar and that also helps me when I check my bulbs.
I have read that a 1000watt HPS bulb has a life of about 20,000 hours, but after about 5000 hours though 208 days of 24hrs on they lose about 25%-35% of there light intensity. I run 3 1000 watt HPS so what I do is I replace the bulbs when I switch to 12/12 and the next cycle of 18/6 I keep the bulbs then I replace them when I start flowering again.
I say change them every few grows. If your growing perpetual style then maybe every other grow. If using smaller HPS lights then I would change them pretty often. The small HPS lights are weak as it is and a tore down bulb will make it weaker.