Genome-wide association study of lifetime cannabis

[Weird]

• Genome-wide association study of lifetime cannabis use based on a large meta-analytic sample of 32 330 subjects from the International Cannabis Consortium.
  
  Author information
  
  
  Abstract
  
  Cannabis is the most widely produced and consumed illicit psychoactive substance worldwide. Occasional cannabis use can progress to frequent use, abuse and dependence with all known adverse physical, psychological and social consequences. Individual differences in cannabis initiation are heritable (40-48%). The International Cannabis Consortium was established with the aim to identify genetic risk variants of cannabis use. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data of 13 cohorts (N=32 330) and four replication samples (N=5627). In addition, we performed a gene-based test of association, estimated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability and explored the genetic correlation between lifetime cannabis use and cigarette use using LD score regression. No individual SNPs reached genome-wide significance. Nonetheless, gene-based tests identified four genes significantly associated with lifetime cannabis use: NCAM1, CADM2, SCOC and KCNT2. Previous studies reported associations of NCAM1 with cigarette smoking and other substance use, and those of CADM2 with body mass index, processing speed and autism disorders, which are phenotypes previously reported to be associated with cannabis use. Furthermore, we showed that, combined across the genome, all common SNPs explained 13-20% (P<0.001) of the liability of lifetime cannabis use. Finally, there was a strong genetic correlation (rg=0.83; P=1.85 × 10(-8)) between lifetime cannabis use and lifetime cigarette smoking implying that the SNP effect sizes of the two traits are highly correlated. This is the largest meta-analysis of cannabis GWA studies to date, revealing important new insights into the genetic pathways of lifetime cannabis use. Future functional studies should explore the impact of the identified genes on the biological mechanisms of cannabis use.
  
  
  PMID:27023175 [PubMed - in process]
  

 

[Stoner4Life]

bro, do you have your search engines set to find 'depressing cannabis news'???

 

[FireIn.TheSky]

bro, do you have your search engines set to find 'depressing cannabis news'???

Weed is like Donald Trump, the main stream media shits all over it everyday because they know the majority of people want it, yet it's freedom threatens structural integrity of the foundation of the ivory tower.

They try and try to hold back the title wave, but it's growing bigger and bigger every minute and will mow that ivory tower right the fuck over as soon as it hits land.

 

[dank.frank]

And yet I've never been a cigarette smoker. My parents were cigarette smokers for the first half of my life then quit. So much for genetic indicators.

I've always believed that personal choice is the greater influence.



dank.Frank

 

[bombadil.360]

And that's how you write a "scientific study" to secure funds when you don't know how to make a living without lying.

I'd love to see the "science" behind the claims:

"Occasional cannabis use can progress to frequent use, abuse and dependence with all known adverse physical, psychological and social consequences."

Any adverse consequences are due to prohibition. Who is stupid enough to take these "studies" seriously? I really want to know...these are the people that give real science a very bad name.

 

[Baron Greenback]

Not entirely sure about the "abuse and dependence" angle. I've done a lot of drugs in my life, many thousands of E's, smoked a lot of weed (previously (a good 10 years ago now) with tobacco) and the only thing that ever caused anything like dependence was the tobacco. I have never smoked a cigarette in my life, just mixed with weed and I would find myself getting very ratty without smoking solely due to the nicotine addiction.
Now that that filth is out of my life, I have no dependence on anything (except tea of course ).
My personal theory regarding the gutter media's portrayal of cannabis as the one guaranteed substance to enter Arkham Asylum is that the two constants in all of these issues are alcohol and tobacco; if you want to see the effects of long trem cannabis use, look in the mirror.

 

[CosmicGiggle]

Well, it's official, I guess we're all just defective then.

NEXT!

 

[armedoldhippy]

I have no dependence on anything (except tea of course ).

yeah, it's a tough one to kick. of course, you have to WANT to quit, just like anything else...

 

[armedoldhippy]

"established with the aim to identify genetic risk" - yeah, that is how you investigate something, go into it with an open mind instead of identifying your goal & making your data fit the desired end product. LOL! all of your points could be true but yet have your conclusion be utter bullshit. they gave themselves away with that one...if all you look for is problems, that will indeed be all that you find.

 

[CosmicGiggle]

I betcha this study goes hand-in-hand with that other study in the Marijuana News Forum - Study: Regular marijuana use linked to problems in midlife.

 

[trichrider]

"No individual SNPs reached genome-wide significance. "

 

[Jericho Mile]

Weed is like Donald Trump, the main stream media shits all over it everyday because they know the majority of people want it, yet it's freedom threatens structural integrity of the foundation of the ivory tower.

They try and try to hold back the title wave, but it's growing bigger and bigger every minute and will mow that ivory tower right the fuck over as soon as it hits land.

Weed is like Donald Trump? one more time on that one. let's say it slowly.

 

[Skinny Leaf]

"No individual SNPs reached genome-wide significance. "

Nonetheless, we disregarded that and are still saying you are fucked up. Because our grant money says so.

I'm not a lifetime user. I didn't start till I was 13. I feel sorry for the rest of you lifers. Quit while there is still hope.

Here is a list of the Cannabis Consortium. Very prestigious government owned institutes of higher education.

1Department of Complex Trait Genetics, VU Amsterdam, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
2Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
3Department of Biological Psychology/Netherlands Twin Register, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
4Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
5Department of Developmental Psychology and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
6The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
7Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
8Department of Human Neurogenetics, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
9Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
10Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
11Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
12Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
13Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
14Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
15Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.
16Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
17Biomedical Genetics Department, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
18Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
19Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
20Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
21School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
22MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
23Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
24Research Centre Adolescent Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
25Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
26The LifeLines Cohort Study, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
27Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
28Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology and Neurogenetics Laboratories, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
29Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
30Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
31Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
32Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
33Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
34Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
35Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
36Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
37Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
38Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
39Interdisciplinary Center for Pathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
40Department of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
41Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA.
42Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
43Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
44Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada.
45Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
46Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA.
47Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
48UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies and School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
49Department of Psychiatry, Genetics, and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine and VA CT, West Haven, CT, USA.
50Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.