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Reexamining Cannabidiol (CBD): Conversion to Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Using Only Heat
Robert Daniels, Omer Yassin, John Miguel Toribio, José A Gascón, Gregory A. Sotzing
January 2023, Pre-print
Abstract: Cannabidiol (CBD) containing products have flooded consumer markets in the past few years as the United States, Canada, and several European countries have legalized the cultivation of hemp. Due to complex legal histories of marijuana and cannabinoids, the stability and safety of CBD is still largely uncertain as research has been restricted globally. Conversion of CBD to its psychoactive isomers, delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC), presents a significant safety issue for consumers and producers of CBD products. For some users, unintentional conversion, leading to intoxication, could significantly impair routine activities while others may seek to intentionally convert CBD for recreational use. Previous studies investigating the stability of CBD have focused mainly on replicating conditions experienced during long-term storage at room temperature or lower. Here, we report the thermal stability of CBD at 175°C. After 30 minutes of heating, both Δ8-THC and Δ9-THC were produced in significant amounts (~4.5% and 2.0%) in aerobic and anaerobic conditions without an acid catalyst. Dynamic 1 H-NMR experiments and computational electronic structure calculations were used to characterize possible reaction paths from CBD to THC. Our findings support an energetically feasible reaction route that is favorable due to both an increase in phenol acidity at high temperatures and intramolecular OH-hydrogen bonding.
Full text: https://www.researchgate.net/public...n_to_Tetrahydrocannabinol_THC_Using_Only_Heat
Added to Bib in Cannabinoids- SamS
Robert Daniels, Omer Yassin, John Miguel Toribio, José A Gascón, Gregory A. Sotzing
January 2023, Pre-print
Abstract: Cannabidiol (CBD) containing products have flooded consumer markets in the past few years as the United States, Canada, and several European countries have legalized the cultivation of hemp. Due to complex legal histories of marijuana and cannabinoids, the stability and safety of CBD is still largely uncertain as research has been restricted globally. Conversion of CBD to its psychoactive isomers, delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC), presents a significant safety issue for consumers and producers of CBD products. For some users, unintentional conversion, leading to intoxication, could significantly impair routine activities while others may seek to intentionally convert CBD for recreational use. Previous studies investigating the stability of CBD have focused mainly on replicating conditions experienced during long-term storage at room temperature or lower. Here, we report the thermal stability of CBD at 175°C. After 30 minutes of heating, both Δ8-THC and Δ9-THC were produced in significant amounts (~4.5% and 2.0%) in aerobic and anaerobic conditions without an acid catalyst. Dynamic 1 H-NMR experiments and computational electronic structure calculations were used to characterize possible reaction paths from CBD to THC. Our findings support an energetically feasible reaction route that is favorable due to both an increase in phenol acidity at high temperatures and intramolecular OH-hydrogen bonding.
Full text: https://www.researchgate.net/public...n_to_Tetrahydrocannabinol_THC_Using_Only_Heat
Added to Bib in Cannabinoids- SamS
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